Accuracy of routine external ventricular drain placement following a mixed reality-guided twist-drill craniostomy

The traditional freehand placement of an external ventricular drain (EVD) relies on empirical craniometric landmarks to guide the craniostomy and subsequent passage of the EVD catheter. The diameter and trajectory of the craniostomy physically limit the possible trajectories that can be achieved dur...

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Published in:Neurosurgical focus Vol. 56; no. 1; p. E11
Main Authors: Eom, Sangjun, Ma, Tiffany S, Vutakuri, Neha, Hu, Tianyi, Haskell-Mendoza, Aden P, Sykes, David A W, Gorlatova, Maria, Jackson, Joshua
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 2024
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ISSN:1092-0684, 1092-0684
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Abstract The traditional freehand placement of an external ventricular drain (EVD) relies on empirical craniometric landmarks to guide the craniostomy and subsequent passage of the EVD catheter. The diameter and trajectory of the craniostomy physically limit the possible trajectories that can be achieved during the passage of the catheter. In this study, the authors implemented a mixed reality-guided craniostomy procedure to evaluate the benefit of an optimally drilled craniostomy to the accurate placement of the catheter. Optical marker-based tracking using an OptiTrack system was used to register the brain ventricular hologram and drilling guidance for craniostomy using a HoloLens 2 mixed reality headset. A patient-specific 3D-printed skull phantom embedded with intracranial camera sensors was developed to automatically calculate the EVD accuracy for evaluation. User trials consisted of one blind and one mixed reality-assisted craniostomy followed by a routine, unguided EVD catheter placement for each of two different drill bit sizes. A total of 49 participants were included in the study (mean age 23.4 years, 59.2% female). The mean distance from the catheter target improved from 18.6 ± 12.5 mm to 12.7 ± 11.3 mm (p = 0.0008) using mixed reality guidance for trials with a large drill bit and from 19.3 ± 12.7 mm to 10.1 ± 8.4 mm with a small drill bit (p < 0.0001). Accuracy using mixed reality was improved using a smaller diameter drill bit compared with a larger bit (p = 0.039). Overall, the majority of the participants were positive about the helpfulness of mixed reality guidance and the overall mixed reality experience. Appropriate indications and use cases for the application of mixed reality guidance to neurosurgical procedures remain an area of active inquiry. While prior studies have demonstrated the benefit of mixed reality-guided catheter placement using predrilled craniostomies, the authors demonstrate that real-time quantitative and visual feedback of a mixed reality-guided craniostomy procedure can independently improve procedural accuracy and represents an important tool for trainee education and eventual clinical implementation.
AbstractList The traditional freehand placement of an external ventricular drain (EVD) relies on empirical craniometric landmarks to guide the craniostomy and subsequent passage of the EVD catheter. The diameter and trajectory of the craniostomy physically limit the possible trajectories that can be achieved during the passage of the catheter. In this study, the authors implemented a mixed reality-guided craniostomy procedure to evaluate the benefit of an optimally drilled craniostomy to the accurate placement of the catheter. Optical marker-based tracking using an OptiTrack system was used to register the brain ventricular hologram and drilling guidance for craniostomy using a HoloLens 2 mixed reality headset. A patient-specific 3D-printed skull phantom embedded with intracranial camera sensors was developed to automatically calculate the EVD accuracy for evaluation. User trials consisted of one blind and one mixed reality-assisted craniostomy followed by a routine, unguided EVD catheter placement for each of two different drill bit sizes. A total of 49 participants were included in the study (mean age 23.4 years, 59.2% female). The mean distance from the catheter target improved from 18.6 ± 12.5 mm to 12.7 ± 11.3 mm (p = 0.0008) using mixed reality guidance for trials with a large drill bit and from 19.3 ± 12.7 mm to 10.1 ± 8.4 mm with a small drill bit (p < 0.0001). Accuracy using mixed reality was improved using a smaller diameter drill bit compared with a larger bit (p = 0.039). Overall, the majority of the participants were positive about the helpfulness of mixed reality guidance and the overall mixed reality experience. Appropriate indications and use cases for the application of mixed reality guidance to neurosurgical procedures remain an area of active inquiry. While prior studies have demonstrated the benefit of mixed reality-guided catheter placement using predrilled craniostomies, the authors demonstrate that real-time quantitative and visual feedback of a mixed reality-guided craniostomy procedure can independently improve procedural accuracy and represents an important tool for trainee education and eventual clinical implementation.
The traditional freehand placement of an external ventricular drain (EVD) relies on empirical craniometric landmarks to guide the craniostomy and subsequent passage of the EVD catheter. The diameter and trajectory of the craniostomy physically limit the possible trajectories that can be achieved during the passage of the catheter. In this study, the authors implemented a mixed reality-guided craniostomy procedure to evaluate the benefit of an optimally drilled craniostomy to the accurate placement of the catheter.OBJECTIVEThe traditional freehand placement of an external ventricular drain (EVD) relies on empirical craniometric landmarks to guide the craniostomy and subsequent passage of the EVD catheter. The diameter and trajectory of the craniostomy physically limit the possible trajectories that can be achieved during the passage of the catheter. In this study, the authors implemented a mixed reality-guided craniostomy procedure to evaluate the benefit of an optimally drilled craniostomy to the accurate placement of the catheter.Optical marker-based tracking using an OptiTrack system was used to register the brain ventricular hologram and drilling guidance for craniostomy using a HoloLens 2 mixed reality headset. A patient-specific 3D-printed skull phantom embedded with intracranial camera sensors was developed to automatically calculate the EVD accuracy for evaluation. User trials consisted of one blind and one mixed reality-assisted craniostomy followed by a routine, unguided EVD catheter placement for each of two different drill bit sizes.METHODSOptical marker-based tracking using an OptiTrack system was used to register the brain ventricular hologram and drilling guidance for craniostomy using a HoloLens 2 mixed reality headset. A patient-specific 3D-printed skull phantom embedded with intracranial camera sensors was developed to automatically calculate the EVD accuracy for evaluation. User trials consisted of one blind and one mixed reality-assisted craniostomy followed by a routine, unguided EVD catheter placement for each of two different drill bit sizes.A total of 49 participants were included in the study (mean age 23.4 years, 59.2% female). The mean distance from the catheter target improved from 18.6 ± 12.5 mm to 12.7 ± 11.3 mm (p = 0.0008) using mixed reality guidance for trials with a large drill bit and from 19.3 ± 12.7 mm to 10.1 ± 8.4 mm with a small drill bit (p < 0.0001). Accuracy using mixed reality was improved using a smaller diameter drill bit compared with a larger bit (p = 0.039). Overall, the majority of the participants were positive about the helpfulness of mixed reality guidance and the overall mixed reality experience.RESULTSA total of 49 participants were included in the study (mean age 23.4 years, 59.2% female). The mean distance from the catheter target improved from 18.6 ± 12.5 mm to 12.7 ± 11.3 mm (p = 0.0008) using mixed reality guidance for trials with a large drill bit and from 19.3 ± 12.7 mm to 10.1 ± 8.4 mm with a small drill bit (p < 0.0001). Accuracy using mixed reality was improved using a smaller diameter drill bit compared with a larger bit (p = 0.039). Overall, the majority of the participants were positive about the helpfulness of mixed reality guidance and the overall mixed reality experience.Appropriate indications and use cases for the application of mixed reality guidance to neurosurgical procedures remain an area of active inquiry. While prior studies have demonstrated the benefit of mixed reality-guided catheter placement using predrilled craniostomies, the authors demonstrate that real-time quantitative and visual feedback of a mixed reality-guided craniostomy procedure can independently improve procedural accuracy and represents an important tool for trainee education and eventual clinical implementation.CONCLUSIONSAppropriate indications and use cases for the application of mixed reality guidance to neurosurgical procedures remain an area of active inquiry. While prior studies have demonstrated the benefit of mixed reality-guided catheter placement using predrilled craniostomies, the authors demonstrate that real-time quantitative and visual feedback of a mixed reality-guided craniostomy procedure can independently improve procedural accuracy and represents an important tool for trainee education and eventual clinical implementation.
Author Vutakuri, Neha
Hu, Tianyi
Haskell-Mendoza, Aden P
Eom, Sangjun
Ma, Tiffany S
Jackson, Joshua
Gorlatova, Maria
Sykes, David A W
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image-guided surgery
HoloLens
external ventricular drainage
mixed reality
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Snippet The traditional freehand placement of an external ventricular drain (EVD) relies on empirical craniometric landmarks to guide the craniostomy and subsequent...
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SubjectTerms Adult
Augmented Reality
Catheters
Cerebral Ventricles - diagnostic imaging
Cerebral Ventricles - surgery
Drainage - methods
Female
Humans
Male
Neurosurgical Procedures - methods
Young Adult
Title Accuracy of routine external ventricular drain placement following a mixed reality-guided twist-drill craniostomy
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