Microbial Composition Predicts Genital Tract Inflammation and Persistent Bacterial Vaginosis in South African Adolescent Females

Young African females are at an increased risk of HIV acquisition, and genital inflammation or the vaginal microbiome may contribute to this risk. We studied these factors in 168 HIV-negative South African adolescent females aged 16 to 22 years. Unsupervised clustering of 16S rRNA gene sequences rev...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Infection and immunity Jg. 86; H. 1
Hauptverfasser:	Lennard, Katie, Dabee, Smritee, Barnabas, Shaun L, Havyarimana, Enock, Blakney, Anna, Jaumdally, Shameem Z, Botha, Gerrit, Mkhize, Nonhlanhla N, Bekker, Linda-Gail, Lewis, David A, Gray, Glenda, Mulder, Nicola, Passmore, Jo-Ann S, Jaspan, Heather B
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	United States 01.01.2018
Schlagworte:	Adolescent Female Genitalia - microbiology HIV Infections - microbiology Humans Inflammation - microbiology Microbiota - genetics Reproductive Tract Infections - microbiology RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics Vaginosis, Bacterial - microbiology Young Adult HIV target cells female genital tract microbiome 16S RNA HIV susceptibility inflammation vaginal microbiome
ISSN:	1098-5522, 1098-5522
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Abstract	Young African females are at an increased risk of HIV acquisition, and genital inflammation or the vaginal microbiome may contribute to this risk. We studied these factors in 168 HIV-negative South African adolescent females aged 16 to 22 years. Unsupervised clustering of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed three clusters (subtypes), one of which was strongly associated with genital inflammation. In a multivariate model, the microbiome compositional subtype and hormonal contraception were significantly associated with genital inflammation. We identified 40 taxa significantly associated with inflammation, including those reported previously ( , , , , and ) as well as several novel taxa (including increased frequencies of bacterial vaginosis-associated bacterium 1 [BVAB1], BVAB2, BVAB3, , , , , , and and decreased frequencies of , , , and ). Women with inflammation-associated microbiomes had significantly higher body mass indices and lower levels of endogenous estradiol and luteinizing hormone. Community functional profiling revealed three distinct vaginal microbiome subtypes, one of which was characterized by extreme genital inflammation and persistent bacterial vaginosis (BV); this subtype could be predicted with high specificity and sensitivity based on the Nugent score (≥9) or BVAB1 abundance. We propose that women with this BVAB1-dominated subtype may have chronic genital inflammation due to persistent BV, which may place them at a particularly high risk for HIV infection.
AbstractList	Young African females are at an increased risk of HIV acquisition, and genital inflammation or the vaginal microbiome may contribute to this risk. We studied these factors in 168 HIV-negative South African adolescent females aged 16 to 22 years. Unsupervised clustering of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed three clusters (subtypes), one of which was strongly associated with genital inflammation. In a multivariate model, the microbiome compositional subtype and hormonal contraception were significantly associated with genital inflammation. We identified 40 taxa significantly associated with inflammation, including those reported previously ( , , , , and ) as well as several novel taxa (including increased frequencies of bacterial vaginosis-associated bacterium 1 [BVAB1], BVAB2, BVAB3, , , , , , and and decreased frequencies of , , , and ). Women with inflammation-associated microbiomes had significantly higher body mass indices and lower levels of endogenous estradiol and luteinizing hormone. Community functional profiling revealed three distinct vaginal microbiome subtypes, one of which was characterized by extreme genital inflammation and persistent bacterial vaginosis (BV); this subtype could be predicted with high specificity and sensitivity based on the Nugent score (≥9) or BVAB1 abundance. We propose that women with this BVAB1-dominated subtype may have chronic genital inflammation due to persistent BV, which may place them at a particularly high risk for HIV infection. Young African females are at an increased risk of HIV acquisition, and genital inflammation or the vaginal microbiome may contribute to this risk. We studied these factors in 168 HIV-negative South African adolescent females aged 16 to 22 years. Unsupervised clustering of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed three clusters (subtypes), one of which was strongly associated with genital inflammation. In a multivariate model, the microbiome compositional subtype and hormonal contraception were significantly associated with genital inflammation. We identified 40 taxa significantly associated with inflammation, including those reported previously (Prevotella, Sneathia, Aerococcus, Fusobacterium, and Gemella) as well as several novel taxa (including increased frequencies of bacterial vaginosis-associated bacterium 1 [BVAB1], BVAB2, BVAB3, Prevotella amnii, Prevotella pallens, Parvimonas micra, Megasphaera, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Atopobium vaginae and decreased frequencies of Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus jensenii, and Lactobacillus iners). Women with inflammation-associated microbiomes had significantly higher body mass indices and lower levels of endogenous estradiol and luteinizing hormone. Community functional profiling revealed three distinct vaginal microbiome subtypes, one of which was characterized by extreme genital inflammation and persistent bacterial vaginosis (BV); this subtype could be predicted with high specificity and sensitivity based on the Nugent score (≥9) or BVAB1 abundance. We propose that women with this BVAB1-dominated subtype may have chronic genital inflammation due to persistent BV, which may place them at a particularly high risk for HIV infection.Young African females are at an increased risk of HIV acquisition, and genital inflammation or the vaginal microbiome may contribute to this risk. We studied these factors in 168 HIV-negative South African adolescent females aged 16 to 22 years. Unsupervised clustering of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed three clusters (subtypes), one of which was strongly associated with genital inflammation. In a multivariate model, the microbiome compositional subtype and hormonal contraception were significantly associated with genital inflammation. We identified 40 taxa significantly associated with inflammation, including those reported previously (Prevotella, Sneathia, Aerococcus, Fusobacterium, and Gemella) as well as several novel taxa (including increased frequencies of bacterial vaginosis-associated bacterium 1 [BVAB1], BVAB2, BVAB3, Prevotella amnii, Prevotella pallens, Parvimonas micra, Megasphaera, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Atopobium vaginae and decreased frequencies of Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus jensenii, and Lactobacillus iners). Women with inflammation-associated microbiomes had significantly higher body mass indices and lower levels of endogenous estradiol and luteinizing hormone. Community functional profiling revealed three distinct vaginal microbiome subtypes, one of which was characterized by extreme genital inflammation and persistent bacterial vaginosis (BV); this subtype could be predicted with high specificity and sensitivity based on the Nugent score (≥9) or BVAB1 abundance. We propose that women with this BVAB1-dominated subtype may have chronic genital inflammation due to persistent BV, which may place them at a particularly high risk for HIV infection.
Author	Dabee, Smritee Mulder, Nicola Mkhize, Nonhlanhla N Jaumdally, Shameem Z Botha, Gerrit Havyarimana, Enock Lennard, Katie Gray, Glenda Passmore, Jo-Ann S Jaspan, Heather B Bekker, Linda-Gail Lewis, David A Blakney, Anna Barnabas, Shaun L
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Katie surname: Lennard fullname: Lennard, Katie organization: Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa – sequence: 2 givenname: Smritee surname: Dabee fullname: Dabee, Smritee organization: Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa – sequence: 3 givenname: Shaun L surname: Barnabas fullname: Barnabas, Shaun L organization: Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa – sequence: 4 givenname: Enock surname: Havyarimana fullname: Havyarimana, Enock organization: Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa – sequence: 5 givenname: Anna surname: Blakney fullname: Blakney, Anna organization: Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Shameem Z surname: Jaumdally fullname: Jaumdally, Shameem Z organization: Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa – sequence: 7 givenname: Gerrit surname: Botha fullname: Botha, Gerrit organization: Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa – sequence: 8 givenname: Nonhlanhla N surname: Mkhize fullname: Mkhize, Nonhlanhla N organization: National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa – sequence: 9 givenname: Linda-Gail surname: Bekker fullname: Bekker, Linda-Gail organization: Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa – sequence: 10 givenname: David A surname: Lewis fullname: Lewis, David A organization: National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa – sequence: 11 givenname: Glenda surname: Gray fullname: Gray, Glenda organization: South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa – sequence: 12 givenname: Nicola surname: Mulder fullname: Mulder, Nicola organization: Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa – sequence: 13 givenname: Jo-Ann S surname: Passmore fullname: Passmore, Jo-Ann S organization: National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa – sequence: 14 givenname: Heather B surname: Jaspan fullname: Jaspan, Heather B email: hbjaspan@gmail.com organization: Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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SubjectTerms	Adolescent Female Genitalia - microbiology HIV Infections - microbiology Humans Inflammation - microbiology Microbiota - genetics Reproductive Tract Infections - microbiology RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics Vaginosis, Bacterial - microbiology Young Adult
Title	Microbial Composition Predicts Genital Tract Inflammation and Persistent Bacterial Vaginosis in South African Adolescent Females
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