Development and performance evaluation of new AirGIS – A GIS based air pollution and human exposure modelling system

AirGIS, a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based air pollution and human exposure modelling system, is routinely used in conjunction with the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM®), across the globe, to assess local- or street-scale air pollution. We developed a substantially revised version...

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Vydáno v:	Atmospheric environment (1994) Ročník 198; s. 102 - 121
Hlavní autoři:	Khan, Jibran, Kakosimos, Konstantinos, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Brandt, Jørgen, Jensen, Steen Solvang, Ellermann, Thomas, Ketzel, Matthias
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Elsevier Ltd 01.02.2019
Témata:	air pollution AirGIS atmospheric chemistry computer software data collection exposure models geographic information systems GIS Human exposure modelling humans Model evaluation model validation nitrogen dioxide OSPM particulates PostgreSQL temporal variation time series analysis Urban air pollution BC OSPM NOVANA O3 ESRI PostgreSQL OTM WRF CoV GPS Human exposure modelling NO2 NOx PM2.5 DEHM SPREAD DSM AirGIS SUB UBM Urban air pollution NMB SOA LUR OSM FAC2 RMSE CO AADT ESCAPE GIS Model evaluation PM10 DTM CTM PM
ISSN:	1352-2310, 1873-2844
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Abstract	AirGIS, a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based air pollution and human exposure modelling system, is routinely used in conjunction with the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM®), across the globe, to assess local- or street-scale air pollution. We developed a substantially revised version of AirGIS (hereafter, new AirGIS) as a new modelling system in open-source GIS i.e. PostgreSQL software with its spatial extension PostGIS to (1) optimize the model performance enabling model calculations for a large number of sites over a large geographical area, with limited computing resources (2) replace the outdated programming language Avenue (3) become independent of commercial GIS software. This paper, therefore, aims to describe the overall structure of new AirGIS modelling system together with its strengths and limitations. Furthermore, the new AirGIS has been evaluated against various measured datasets of ambient air pollution (NOx, NO2, PM10 and PM2.5). In terms of reproducing temporal variation (single location, time series of concentrations e.g. annual, daily etc.) of air pollution, the new model achieved correlations (R) in the range 0.45–0.96. While, in terms of reproducing the spatial variation (several locations, single time interval), the new AirGIS achieved correlations in the range 0.32–0.92. The new model, therefore, can be used for both short- and long-term air pollution exposure assessments to facilitate health related studies. However, the present evaluation of the new modelling system also revealed that the new AirGIS significantly overestimated the observed concentrations for two out of four datasets. The possible reasons for these errors and future directions to reducing the bias in the new model output have been discussed. •Development of an updated version of AirGIS air pollution and human exposure modelling system.•Overview of the new system's architecture and workflow.•Evaluation of the new model system against various measurements datasets.•Overview of the new system's strengths, limitations and future outlook.
AbstractList	AirGIS, a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based air pollution and human exposure modelling system, is routinely used in conjunction with the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM®), across the globe, to assess local- or street-scale air pollution. We developed a substantially revised version of AirGIS (hereafter, new AirGIS) as a new modelling system in open-source GIS i.e. PostgreSQL software with its spatial extension PostGIS to (1) optimize the model performance enabling model calculations for a large number of sites over a large geographical area, with limited computing resources (2) replace the outdated programming language Avenue (3) become independent of commercial GIS software. This paper, therefore, aims to describe the overall structure of new AirGIS modelling system together with its strengths and limitations. Furthermore, the new AirGIS has been evaluated against various measured datasets of ambient air pollution (NOx, NO2, PM10 and PM2.5). In terms of reproducing temporal variation (single location, time series of concentrations e.g. annual, daily etc.) of air pollution, the new model achieved correlations (R) in the range 0.45–0.96. While, in terms of reproducing the spatial variation (several locations, single time interval), the new AirGIS achieved correlations in the range 0.32–0.92. The new model, therefore, can be used for both short- and long-term air pollution exposure assessments to facilitate health related studies. However, the present evaluation of the new modelling system also revealed that the new AirGIS significantly overestimated the observed concentrations for two out of four datasets. The possible reasons for these errors and future directions to reducing the bias in the new model output have been discussed. •Development of an updated version of AirGIS air pollution and human exposure modelling system.•Overview of the new system's architecture and workflow.•Evaluation of the new model system against various measurements datasets.•Overview of the new system's strengths, limitations and future outlook. AirGIS, a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based air pollution and human exposure modelling system, is routinely used in conjunction with the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM®), across the globe, to assess local- or street-scale air pollution. We developed a substantially revised version of AirGIS (hereafter, new AirGIS) as a new modelling system in open-source GIS i.e. PostgreSQL software with its spatial extension PostGIS to (1) optimize the model performance enabling model calculations for a large number of sites over a large geographical area, with limited computing resources (2) replace the outdated programming language Avenue (3) become independent of commercial GIS software. This paper, therefore, aims to describe the overall structure of new AirGIS modelling system together with its strengths and limitations. Furthermore, the new AirGIS has been evaluated against various measured datasets of ambient air pollution (NOx, NO2, PM10 and PM2.5). In terms of reproducing temporal variation (single location, time series of concentrations e.g. annual, daily etc.) of air pollution, the new model achieved correlations (R) in the range 0.45–0.96. While, in terms of reproducing the spatial variation (several locations, single time interval), the new AirGIS achieved correlations in the range 0.32–0.92. The new model, therefore, can be used for both short- and long-term air pollution exposure assessments to facilitate health related studies. However, the present evaluation of the new modelling system also revealed that the new AirGIS significantly overestimated the observed concentrations for two out of four datasets. The possible reasons for these errors and future directions to reducing the bias in the new model output have been discussed.
Author	Jensen, Steen Solvang Ellermann, Thomas Brandt, Jørgen Kakosimos, Konstantinos Ketzel, Matthias Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole Khan, Jibran
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Jibran surname: Khan fullname: Khan, Jibran organization: Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark – sequence: 2 givenname: Konstantinos orcidid: 0000-0001-9730-0525 surname: Kakosimos fullname: Kakosimos, Konstantinos organization: Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar – sequence: 3 givenname: Ole surname: Raaschou-Nielsen fullname: Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole organization: Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark – sequence: 4 givenname: Jørgen surname: Brandt fullname: Brandt, Jørgen organization: Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark – sequence: 5 givenname: Steen Solvang surname: Jensen fullname: Jensen, Steen Solvang organization: Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark – sequence: 6 givenname: Thomas surname: Ellermann fullname: Ellermann, Thomas organization: Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark – sequence: 7 givenname: Matthias orcidid: 0000-0001-9519-1935 surname: Ketzel fullname: Ketzel, Matthias email: mke@envs.au.dk organization: Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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SubjectTerms	air pollution AirGIS atmospheric chemistry computer software data collection exposure models geographic information systems GIS Human exposure modelling humans Model evaluation model validation nitrogen dioxide OSPM particulates PostgreSQL temporal variation time series analysis Urban air pollution
Title	Development and performance evaluation of new AirGIS – A GIS based air pollution and human exposure modelling system
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