The fall of a city: Refugees, exodus and exile in Ernest Hemingway’s Istanbul, 1922

Ernest Hemingway arrived in Istanbul on 30 September 1922 to cover the end of the Greek–Turkish War for the Toronto Star. From late October to mid-November 1922, Hemingway wrote 20 articles about the last days of the war and the re-constellation of political legitimacy in the region. There are four...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of European studies Vol. 53; no. 3; pp. 234 - 252
Main Author: Maksudyan, Nazan
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London, England SAGE Publications 01.09.2023
Sage Publications Ltd
Subjects:
Hemingway, Ernest (1899-1961)
History
Humanities and Social Sciences
Literature
Istanbul Turkey
Turkey
Allied occupation of Istanbul
Smyrna Disaster
Ernest Hemingway
refugees
Greco-Turkish War
forced migration
ISSN:0047-2441, 1740-2379
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract Ernest Hemingway arrived in Istanbul on 30 September 1922 to cover the end of the Greek–Turkish War for the Toronto Star. From late October to mid-November 1922, Hemingway wrote 20 articles about the last days of the war and the re-constellation of political legitimacy in the region. There are four distinguishing features of Hemingway’s reports from Constantinople. First, they provided an eloquent depiction of the city, suggesting the charm and squalor of old ‘Constan’ for the young writer. The second was a clear expectation of a ‘second disaster’, which was assumed to be a replica of Smyrna. Hemingway clearly observed the fears of non-Muslims and foreigners in the city, who were panicking over possible new massacres and pillage. Third, Hemingway quickly realized that the exodus of people – the desperate flight of Christian refugees – and Turkification of the country would be his main subject. His repeated emphasis on refugees permanent loss of a home is reminiscent of Hannah Arendt’s famous essay ‘We Refugees’, as well as a precursor to Agamben’s point that refugees are reduced to ‘bare life’. Lastly, his prose relied on irony and cynicism, as a cover for his disappointment and shame for humanity and modern civilization. Juxtaposing his writing with contemporary local accounts, I intend to situate his witnessing into the larger historiography of ‘Armistice Istanbul’ and the homogenization policies of the winning Turkish nationalist leadership. Hemingway’s critique of (homogeneous) nation-state formation after the war and the favourable involvement of the Allied countries and humanitarian agencies in the mass production of refugees was quite exceptional and ahead of his times.
AbstractList Ernest Hemingway arrived in Istanbul on 30 September 1922 to cover the end of the Greek–Turkish War for the Toronto Star. From late October to mid-November 1922, Hemingway wrote 20 articles about the last days of the war and the re-constellation of political legitimacy in the region. There are four distinguishing features of Hemingway’s reports from Constantinople. First, they provided an eloquent depiction of the city, suggesting the charm and squalor of old ‘Constan’ for the young writer. The second was a clear expectation of a ‘second disaster’, which was assumed to be a replica of Smyrna. Hemingway clearly observed the fears of non-Muslims and foreigners in the city, who were panicking over possible new massacres and pillage. Third, Hemingway quickly realized that the exodus of people – the desperate flight of Christian refugees – and Turkification of the country would be his main subject. His repeated emphasis on refugees permanent loss of a home is reminiscent of Hannah Arendt’s famous essay ‘We Refugees’, as well as a precursor to Agamben’s point that refugees are reduced to ‘bare life’. Lastly, his prose relied on irony and cynicism, as a cover for his disappointment and shame for humanity and modern civilization. Juxtaposing his writing with contemporary local accounts, I intend to situate his witnessing into the larger historiography of ‘Armistice Istanbul’ and the homogenization policies of the winning Turkish nationalist leadership. Hemingway’s critique of (homogeneous) nation-state formation after the war and the favourable involvement of the Allied countries and humanitarian agencies in the mass production of refugees was quite exceptional and ahead of his times.
Author Maksudyan, Nazan
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Nazan
  surname: Maksudyan
  fullname: Maksudyan, Nazan
  email: nazan.maksudyan@fu-berlin.de
  organization: Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
BackLink https://shs.hal.science/halshs-04389271$$DView record in HAL
BookMark eNp1kM9Kw0AQhxepYFt9AG8LXpu6_9Ld9VZKtYWCIO152SSzbUqa1Gyj9uZr-Ho-iVsiehBPM8x8vw9meqhTViUgdE3JkFIpbwkRkglBGadUacL0GepSKUjEuNQd1D3toxNwgXrebwkhjGrSRavlBrCzRYErhy1O88PxDj-Ba9YAfoDhrcoaj22ZhTYvAOclntYl-AOewS4v16_2-Pn-4fHcH2yZNMUAU83YJToPTg9X37WPVvfT5WQWLR4f5pPxIkq5EIcIXCwzrZjLYnBaqow6Z2WqEiE0hHNS68SIaztSNEuTlMfWJbF2gnPmiFPA-2jQeje2MPs639n6aCqbm9l4YcLMb7whgivNJH2hAb9p8X1dPTfhCLOtmroMnGFqRDhROrj7iLZUWlfe1-B-zJSY07PNn2eHzLDNeLuGX-v_gS_iIn8U
Cites_doi 10.2307/26367242
10.1080/14683849.2015.1024389
10.1163/9789004434530
10.1525/california/9780520279308.001.0001
10.1093/hwj/dbi005
10.1016/j.polgeo.2015.06.006
10.2307/j.ctv102bczp
10.1080/00397709.1995.10733798
10.1093/jrs/12.3.237
10.1353/hem.2019.0005
10.1163/23519924-00601002
10.1163/9789004346253_012
10.1215/1089201x-2008-009
10.5040/9780755609024
10.1215/1089201x-4132917
10.1080/02619280802442613
10.1215/1089201X-2010-035
10.1353/hem.2005.0001
10.1163/9789004661141
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195143867.001.0001
10.1080/00263206.2021.2007082
10.1515/9780804797191
10.4000/diacronie.12459
10.1080/13562576.2015.1057003
10.1353/hem.2004.0014
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright The Author(s) 2023
licence_http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero
Copyright_xml – notice: The Author(s) 2023
– notice: licence_http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero
DBID AFRWT
AAYXX
CITATION
C18
1XC
BXJBU
DOI 10.1177/00472441231189029
DatabaseName Sage Journals GOLD Open Access 2024
CrossRef
Humanities Index
Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)
HAL-SHS: Archive ouverte en Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
British Humanities Index (BHI)
DatabaseTitleList
CrossRef

British Humanities Index (BHI)
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline History & Archaeology
EISSN 1740-2379
EndPage 252
ExternalDocumentID oai:HAL:halshs-04389271v1
10_1177_00472441231189029
10.1177_00472441231189029
GeographicLocations Istanbul Turkey
Turkey
GeographicLocations_xml – name: Istanbul Turkey
– name: Turkey
GroupedDBID -ET
-TM
-~X
.2G
.2L
01A
09Z
0R3
0R~
186
18M
1~K
29K
31S
31V
31W
31X
3EH
4.4
54M
56W
5GY
5VS
8GL
AABOD
AACJB
AACKU
AADIR
AADUE
AAGGD
AAGLT
AAHTB
AAJPV
AAKTJ
AAMFR
AANSI
AAPEO
AAQDB
AAQXI
AARIX
AATAA
AATGF
AAWLO
ABAWP
ABCCA
ABCJG
ABEIX
ABFXH
ABHQH
ABIDT
ABJNI
ABKRH
ABPEJ
ABPNF
ABQKF
ABQPY
ABQXT
ABRHV
ABUJY
ABYTW
ACAEP
ACDXX
ACFII
ACFUR
ACFZE
ACGFS
ACIOK
ACJER
ACLZU
ACMJI
ACNCT
ACOFE
ACOXC
ACREJ
ACROE
ACRPL
ACSIQ
ACUFS
ACUIR
ADCHZ
ADDLC
ADEBD
ADEIA
ADEYR
ADMHG
ADNMO
ADNON
ADPEE
ADRRZ
ADSFD
ADSTG
ADTOS
ADUKL
ADXHL
ADYCS
AEDXQ
AEOBU
AESMA
AESZF
AEUHG
AEVPJ
AEWDL
AEWHI
AEXNY
AFEET
AFFNX
AFKBI
AFKRG
AFMOU
AFQAA
AFRWT
AFUIA
AFWMB
AGDVU
AGKLV
AGNHF
AGNWV
AGQPQ
AGWNL
AHDMH
AHHFK
AHWHD
AI.
AJUZI
AKNUK
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ANDLU
ARTOV
ASPBG
AUTPY
AUVAJ
AVWKF
AYPQM
AZFZN
B8O
B8S
B8T
B8Z
BCR
BDZRT
BKOMP
BLC
BMVBW
BPACV
BYIEH
CAG
CBRKF
CCGJY
CEADM
COF
CS3
D-I
DD0
DD~
DG~
DOPDO
DU5
DV7
DV8
EBS
ECVKH
EJD
F5P
FAC
FAS
FEDTE
FHBDP
FJW
GICCO
GOZPB
GROUPED_SAGE_PREMIER_JOURNAL_COLLECTION
H13
HF~
HVGLF
HYQOX
HZ~
H~9
IAO
IBG
IDS
IEA
ILR
IMW
IOF
ISK
ITC
IWH
J8X
LGEZI
LOTEE
LPU
MVM
N9A
NADUK
O-F
O9-
OHT
P.B
PEA
PMFND
PMKZF
PQQKQ
Q1R
Q5E
Q7O
Q7P
Q7X
ROL
RWL
RXW
S01
SASJQ
SAUOL
SBI
SCNPE
SFB
SFC
SFK
SFT
SGP
SGU
SGV
SHB
SHF
SHM
SPJ
SPP
SQCSI
SSDHQ
TAE
TN5
ULY
UNMZH
VH1
VJK
WH7
XOL
YZZ
ZPLXX
ZPPRI
~32
~45
~OB
~OC
~OG
~PJ
~PK
~ZZ
0SE
AAEJI
AAPII
AAYXX
ABUAX
ACCVC
AJGYC
AJHME
AJVBE
AMNSR
CITATION
PVKVW
C18
1XC
BXJBU
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c344t-ef57d982fd5ef978d1ffa7c8b449e724caf4639a681dcbc35afb59f4332f0f8e3
IEDL.DBID AEVPJ
ISICitedReferencesCount 0
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001043445800001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 0047-2441
IngestDate Thu Nov 06 12:37:27 EST 2025
Sun Nov 09 07:23:45 EST 2025
Sat Nov 29 08:15:14 EST 2025
Tue Jun 17 22:38:43 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 3
Keywords Allied occupation of Istanbul
Smyrna Disaster
Ernest Hemingway
refugees
Greco-Turkish War
forced migration
Language English
License This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
licence_http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/: http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c344t-ef57d982fd5ef978d1ffa7c8b449e724caf4639a681dcbc35afb59f4332f0f8e3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
OpenAccessLink https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00472441231189029?utm_source=summon&utm_medium=discovery-provider
PQID 2860308943
PQPubID 47795
PageCount 19
ParticipantIDs hal_primary_oai_HAL_halshs_04389271v1
proquest_journals_2860308943
crossref_primary_10_1177_00472441231189029
sage_journals_10_1177_00472441231189029
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2023-09-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2023-09-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 09
  year: 2023
  text: 2023-09-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace London, England
PublicationPlace_xml – name: London, England
– name: Chalfont St. Giles
PublicationTitle Journal of European studies
PublicationYear 2023
Publisher SAGE Publications
Sage Publications Ltd
Publisher_xml – name: SAGE Publications
– name: Sage Publications Ltd
References Criss 2015; 16
Said 1993; 47
MacArthur-Seal 2017; 37
Lecouras 2001; 43
Stewart 2003; 23
Hemingway 1923; 9
Gatrell 2008; 26
Gatrell 2017; 30
MacArthur-Seal 2022; 58
Roessel 2009; 34
Smith 1987; 24
Woodall 2010; 30
Georganta 2013; 5
Evered, Evered 2016; 20
Agamben 1995; 49
Evered 2008; 28
Long 2019; 38
Price 1933
Rajaman 2002; 15
Tejel, Öztan 2020; 6
Evered, Evered 2016; 50
Psomiades 1998; 12
Barloon 2005; 24
Loizos 1999; 12
Georganta K (bibr21-00472441231189029) 2013; 5
bibr16-00472441231189029
Psomiades HJ (bibr48-00472441231189029) 1998; 12
Said EW (bibr54-00472441231189029) 2001
Lovejoy EP (bibr40-00472441231189029) 1927
bibr64-00472441231189029
Agamben G (bibr3-00472441231189029) 2000
bibr44-00472441231189029
bibr11-00472441231189029
Lecouras P (bibr37-00472441231189029) 2001; 43
Hemingway E (bibr28-00472441231189029) 1985
Price GW (bibr47-00472441231189029) 1933
bibr15-00472441231189029
Hemingway E (bibr26-00472441231189029) 1958
Der-Yeghiayan Z (bibr13-00472441231189029) 2002
Behar C (bibr7-00472441231189029) 2009
Rodogno D (bibr51-00472441231189029) 2011
Horton G (bibr31-00472441231189029) 1926
Dearborn MV (bibr12-00472441231189029) 2017
bibr52-00472441231189029
Suciyan T (bibr60-00472441231189029)
bibr42-00472441231189029
Ghazarian V (bibr23-00472441231189029) 1996
Said EW (bibr55-00472441231189029) 1993; 47
bibr14-00472441231189029
bibr53-00472441231189029
bibr63-00472441231189029
Osman M (bibr46-00472441231189029) 1933
Abrahamian AA (bibr1-00472441231189029) 2014
Hemingway E (bibr24-00472441231189029) 1923; 9
Reynolds MS (bibr50-00472441231189029) 1999
bibr19-00472441231189029
Hirschon R (bibr30-00472441231189029) 1989
Kuyucu N (bibr36-00472441231189029) 2013
bibr39-00472441231189029
bibr41-00472441231189029
bibr59-00472441231189029
Fehervary H (bibr18-00472441231189029) 2009
Arendt H (bibr5-00472441231189029) 2007
Criss NB (bibr10-00472441231189029) 1999
Sheridan C (bibr56-00472441231189029) 1923
bibr61-00472441231189029
bibr2-00472441231189029
bibr8-00472441231189029
bibr38-00472441231189029
bibr62-00472441231189029
bibr58-00472441231189029
Clogg R (bibr9-00472441231189029) 1979
Housepian M (bibr32-00472441231189029) 1971
bibr45-00472441231189029
George J (bibr22-00472441231189029) 2002
bibr35-00472441231189029
Hemingway E (bibr29-00472441231189029) 1997
Karaosmanoğlu YK (bibr33-00472441231189029) 2003
Rajaman PK (bibr49-00472441231189029) 2002; 15
Hemingway E (bibr25-00472441231189029) 1930
bibr17-00472441231189029
Hemingway E (bibr27-00472441231189029) 1981
Meyers J (bibr43-00472441231189029) 1999
Kezer Z (bibr34-00472441231189029) 2015
Alexandris A (bibr4-00472441231189029) 1992
Gatrell P (bibr20-00472441231189029) 2017; 30
bibr6-00472441231189029
Smith P (bibr57-00472441231189029) 1987; 24
References_xml – volume: 26
  start-page: 82
  issue: 1–2
  year: 2008
  end-page: 110
  article-title: Refugees and forced migrants during the First World War
  publication-title: Immigrants & Minorities
– volume: 5
  year: 2013
  article-title: Home and displacement: the dynamic dialectics of 1922 Smyrna. Synthesis: an anglophone
  publication-title: Journal of Comparative Literary Studies
– volume: 30
  issue: 2
  year: 2017
  article-title: Refugees – what’s wrong with history?
  publication-title: Journal of Refugee Studies
– volume: 30
  issue: 3
  year: 2010
  article-title: ‘Awakening a horrible monster’: negotiating the Jazz public in 1920s Istanbul
  publication-title: Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East
– start-page: 443
  year: 1933
  end-page: 463
  article-title: The Great Fire of Smyrna
  publication-title: The Listener
– volume: 6
  start-page: 1
  issue: 1
  year: 2020
  end-page: 15
  article-title: The special issue ‘forced migration and refugeedom in the Modern Middle East’ towards connected histories of refugeedom in the Middle East
  publication-title: Journal of Migration History
– volume: 38
  start-page: 75
  issue: 2
  year: 2019
  end-page: 86
  article-title: Ernest Hemingway in Turkey: from the Quai at Smyrna to
  publication-title: A Farewell to Arms. The Hemingway Review
– volume: 15
  issue: 3
  year: 2002
  article-title: Humanitarianism and representations of the refugee
  publication-title: Journal of Refugee Studies
– volume: 24
  issue: 2
  year: 1987
  article-title: Hemingway’s ‘On the Quai at Smyrna’ and the universe of ‘In Our Time’
  publication-title: Studies in Short Fiction
– volume: 58
  issue: 2
  year: 2022
  article-title: States of drunkenness: bar-life in Istanbul between Empire, Occupation, and Republic, 1918–1923
  publication-title: Middle Eastern Studies
– volume: 49
  issue: 2
  year: 1995
  article-title: We refugees
  publication-title: Symposium: A Quarterly Journal in Modern Literatures
– volume: 34
  year: 2009
  article-title: New information on Hemingway’s ‘3 very fine weeks’ in Constantinople in 1922
  publication-title: Resources for American Literary Study
– volume: 28
  issue: 2
  year: 2008
  article-title: Symbolizing a modern Anatolia: Ankara as capital in Turkey’s early republican landscape
  publication-title: Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East
– volume: 47
  year: 1993
  article-title: Intellectual exile: expatriates and marginals
  publication-title: Grand Street
– volume: 43
  start-page: 29
  issue: 1
  year: 2001
  end-page: 41
  article-title: Hemingway in Constantinople
  publication-title: The Midwest Quarterly
– volume: 12
  issue: 3
  year: 1999
  article-title: Ottoman half-lives: long-term perspectives on particular forced migrations
  publication-title: Journal of Refugee Studies
– volume: 24
  start-page: 5
  issue: 2
  year: 2005
  end-page: 17
  article-title: Very short stories: the miniaturization of war in Hemingway’s
  publication-title: In Our Time. The Hemingway Review
– volume: 20
  start-page: 39
  issue: 1
  year: 2016
  end-page: 58
  article-title: From rakı to ayran: regulating the place and practice of drinking in Turkey
  publication-title: Space and Polity
– volume: 23
  start-page: 58
  issue: 1
  year: 2003
  end-page: 71
  article-title: It was all a pleasant business: the historical context of ‘On the Quai at Smyrna’
  publication-title: The Hemingway Review
– volume: 9
  year: 1923
  article-title: They all made peace – what is peace?
  publication-title: The Little Review
– volume: 37
  start-page: 299
  issue: 2
  year: 2017
  end-page: 313
  article-title: Intoxication and imperialism: nightlife in occupied Istanbul, 1918–23
  publication-title: Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East
– volume: 16
  issue: 1
  year: 2015
  article-title: Regimes of Ethnicity and Nationhood in Germany, Russia and Turkey
  publication-title: Turkish Studies
– volume: 50
  start-page: 48
  year: 2016
  end-page: 60
  article-title: A geopolitics of drinking: debating the place of alcohol in early republican Turkey
  publication-title: Political Geography
– volume: 12
  year: 1998
  article-title: Thrace and the Armistice of Mudanya, October 3–11, 1922
  publication-title: Bulletin for the Centre for Asia Minor Studies
– start-page: 45
  volume-title: Eski İstanbullular, Yeni İstanbullular
  year: 2009
  ident: bibr7-00472441231189029
– ident: bibr53-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.2307/26367242
– volume-title: Dateline, Toronto: The Complete Toronto Star Dispatches, 1920–1924
  year: 1985
  ident: bibr28-00472441231189029
– volume-title: The Blight of Asia
  year: 1926
  ident: bibr31-00472441231189029
– ident: bibr11-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.1080/14683849.2015.1024389
– volume-title: Means without End: Notes on Politics
  year: 2000
  ident: bibr3-00472441231189029
– volume-title: The Smyrna Affair
  year: 1971
  ident: bibr32-00472441231189029
– ident: bibr45-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.1163/9789004434530
– start-page: 443
  year: 1933
  ident: bibr47-00472441231189029
  publication-title: The Listener
– volume-title: A Short History of Modern Greece
  year: 1979
  ident: bibr9-00472441231189029
– volume-title: The Greek Minority of Istanbul and Greek–Turkish Relations 1918–1974
  year: 1992
  ident: bibr4-00472441231189029
– ident: bibr62-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.1525/california/9780520279308.001.0001
– volume: 5
  year: 2013
  ident: bibr21-00472441231189029
  publication-title: Journal of Comparative Literary Studies
– volume-title: Merchants in Exile: The Armenians of Manchester, England, 1835–1935
  year: 2002
  ident: bibr22-00472441231189029
– volume: 43
  start-page: 29
  issue: 1
  year: 2001
  ident: bibr37-00472441231189029
  publication-title: The Midwest Quarterly
– ident: bibr35-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.1093/hwj/dbi005
– volume-title: Reflections on Exile. Granta 13 (Reprinted in Reflections on Exile and Other Essays)
  year: 2001
  ident: bibr54-00472441231189029
– ident: bibr15-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2015.06.006
– ident: bibr8-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.2307/j.ctv102bczp
– ident: bibr2-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.1080/00397709.1995.10733798
– volume-title: The Jewish Writings
  year: 2007
  ident: bibr5-00472441231189029
– ident: bibr38-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.1093/jrs/12.3.237
– volume-title: Against Massacre: Humanitarian Interventions in the Ottoman Empire, 1815–1914
  year: 2011
  ident: bibr51-00472441231189029
– volume: 15
  issue: 3
  year: 2002
  ident: bibr49-00472441231189029
  publication-title: Journal of Refugee Studies
– ident: bibr39-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.1353/hem.2019.0005
– ident: bibr61-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.1163/23519924-00601002
– volume: 30
  issue: 2
  year: 2017
  ident: bibr20-00472441231189029
  publication-title: Journal of Refugee Studies
– start-page: 55
  volume-title: The Short Stories
  year: 1997
  ident: bibr29-00472441231189029
– volume-title: Building Modern Turkey: State, Space and Ideology in the Early Republic
  year: 2015
  ident: bibr34-00472441231189029
– volume-title: Boghos Nubar’s Papers and the Armenian Question 1915–1918
  year: 1996
  ident: bibr23-00472441231189029
– ident: bibr64-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.1163/9789004346253_012
– volume: 47
  year: 1993
  ident: bibr55-00472441231189029
  publication-title: Grand Street
– volume-title: Certain Samaritans
  year: 1927
  ident: bibr40-00472441231189029
– volume: 12
  year: 1998
  ident: bibr48-00472441231189029
  publication-title: Bulletin for the Centre for Asia Minor Studies
– volume: 9
  year: 1923
  ident: bibr24-00472441231189029
  publication-title: The Little Review
– ident: bibr17-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.1215/1089201x-2008-009
– ident: bibr59-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.5040/9780755609024
– volume-title: Sodom ve Gomore
  year: 2003
  ident: bibr33-00472441231189029
– ident: bibr41-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.1215/1089201x-4132917
– volume-title: Dilemmas of Peace: Comparing the Armenian and Greek Communities during the Armistice Period (1918–1923)
  ident: bibr60-00472441231189029
– volume-title: Ernest Hemingway: Selected Letters, 1917–1961
  year: 1981
  ident: bibr27-00472441231189029
– ident: bibr19-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.1080/02619280802442613
– volume-title: Ernest Hemingway: A Biography
  year: 2017
  ident: bibr12-00472441231189029
– volume-title: Sıhhat Almanakı
  year: 1933
  ident: bibr46-00472441231189029
– volume-title: Hemingway: A Biography
  year: 1999
  ident: bibr43-00472441231189029
– start-page: 15
  volume-title: Aftermaths: Exile, Migration, and Diaspora Reconsidered
  year: 2009
  ident: bibr18-00472441231189029
– ident: bibr63-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.1215/1089201X-2010-035
– ident: bibr6-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.1353/hem.2005.0001
– volume-title: Istanbul Under Allied Occupation, 1918–1923
  year: 1999
  ident: bibr10-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.1163/9789004661141
– volume-title: Hemingway in Turkey: The influence of his Turkish experiences on his writing
  year: 2013
  ident: bibr36-00472441231189029
– volume-title: Avedis’ Story: An Armenian Boy’s Journey
  year: 2014
  ident: bibr1-00472441231189029
– ident: bibr52-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195143867.001.0001
– volume: 24
  issue: 2
  year: 1987
  ident: bibr57-00472441231189029
  publication-title: Studies in Short Fiction
– ident: bibr42-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.1080/00263206.2021.2007082
– start-page: 9
  volume-title: In Our Time
  year: 1930
  ident: bibr25-00472441231189029
– ident: bibr14-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.1515/9780804797191
– ident: bibr44-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.4000/diacronie.12459
– ident: bibr16-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.1080/13562576.2015.1057003
– volume-title: West and East
  year: 1923
  ident: bibr56-00472441231189029
– ident: bibr58-00472441231189029
  doi: 10.1353/hem.2004.0014
– volume-title: My Patriarchal Memoirs
  year: 2002
  ident: bibr13-00472441231189029
– volume-title: Heirs of the Greek Catastrophe: The Social Life of Asia Minor Refugees in Piraeus
  year: 1989
  ident: bibr30-00472441231189029
– volume-title: In Our Time: Stories
  year: 1958
  ident: bibr26-00472441231189029
– volume-title: Hemingway: The Paris Years
  year: 1999
  ident: bibr50-00472441231189029
RelatedPersons Hemingway, Ernest (1899-1961)
RelatedPersons_xml – fullname: Hemingway, Ernest (1899-1961)
SSID ssj0002190
Score 2.252032
Snippet Ernest Hemingway arrived in Istanbul on 30 September 1922 to cover the end of the Greek–Turkish War for the Toronto Star. From late October to mid-November...
SourceID hal
proquest
crossref
sage
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 234
SubjectTerms Hemingway, Ernest (1899-1961)
History
Humanities and Social Sciences
Literature
Title The fall of a city: Refugees, exodus and exile in Ernest Hemingway’s Istanbul, 1922
URI https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00472441231189029
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2860308943
https://shs.hal.science/halshs-04389271
Volume 53
WOSCitedRecordID wos001043445800001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVSPB
  databaseName: SAGE Journals HSS Package 2015
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1740-2379
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0002190
  issn: 0047-2441
  databaseCode: AEVPJ
  dateStart: 19990301
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://journals.sagepub.com/
  providerName: SAGE Publications
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwvV1LT9wwEB7BwoEL74ptAflQWgmRQl7rmAtaoUULqhCqoOIWOX4A0pJFmwS6t_4N_h6_hJk8eIlKPXGLHEuOPeOZL57xNwBfO76U0ljhKCoUFvDOjiMMGkPras_VCr2OVGWxCX58HJ2fi5MJGDZ3YeoVzH5QWhV-UWmsaXfTafR2HWTcLjkO0ZEjOHEpUCb2ivw6ro67m6oa1ELx6eKaQtuKEiLHTnO9bRKmPCKKacFUt_f75OjJeOMGrm-tcIdGqAOh7w76ypVNXlIi5QuU-iIxrPRVB3MfPst5mK1hLetWergAEyZdhOWKg2TMvjEiuJVlEeHxEpyhbjIrBwM2tEwyhT8Cu-yXscWFMdkWM3-GusiYTDU-otFiVynrjdAk56xPVCgXd3L88Pc-Y4eEbJNisMUQQHrLcHbQO93vO3V5B0f5QZA7xoZci8izOkRl4ZF2rZVcRUkQCIMTV9IGiJ9kByG1SpQfSpuEwhLhmt2xkfE_QSsdpmYFmKdUmETWJ_wZcIW9Qikk1ypEVdTca8NmI6n4pmLxiN2G6PztKrdhA2X51I_4t_vdnzG2ZZdZTJFT4XH31m3DaiPtuBFo7EUdYgASgd-G7yTd51f_HPDzf_f8AjNU7r7KcVuFVj4qzBpMq9v8Khut17r8CE7yBdw
linkProvider SAGE Publications
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1LS8NAEB7UCnrxLVar7sEHiJHm1c16K1KpWouIirew2UdbKKk0rdqbf8O_5y9xNk3rAwXBW0gmye7M7MwHO_sNwE7J5ZwrzSxhGoV5tFS0mMJgqG3p2FJg1uEibTZB6_Xg_p5dZVWV5ixMpsHkyJRV4YjSYD1e3TQl46GYkjDgIjRmRYdNQs5D2I6LMleu3F2dj-MwrsXsAAq1zBvZnuaPH_mSlSabpibyE-D8VOOVpp3T-f8MeAHmMrBJykPvWIQJFS_BypAZZED2iKGd5Wlr38Ey3KLHEM3bbdLRhBOB8PyYXCvdbyiVHBL13JH9hPBY4iWGEtKKSaWLgbJHqoagpPHEB28vrwk5M3gz6rcPCcI6ZwVuTys3J1Ura7pgCdfzepbSPpUscLT00YQ0kLbWnIogQiUrnIjg2kNUw0sIdEUkXJ_ryGfa0KDpog6UuwpTcSdWa0AcIfwo0K5BhR4VKOVzxqkUPjqIpE4eDkZKDx-G3BqhPaIf_661POyiWcZyhhW7Wq6FeC9pJqHZz2QOtR_tPBRGhgtHtgmdoGR4eZjn5mHfGOrj0a8_XP-z5DbMVG8ua2HtrH6xAbOmIf2wCq0AU71uX23CtHjstZLuVuai712C3b8
linkToPdf http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9NAEB7RBlVcKNAiAindAw-pqkn8ynp7iyBRAlEUVaTqzVrvI4kUOVWcBHLjb_D3-CWdcZwQUCshcbPstb3emZ351jP7DcCbui-lNFY4igqFBbxec4RBY2hd7blaodeRKi82wXu96Ppa9IsfbrQXphjB7AOlVWGPcmNNs_tG22oRY6zmFIfoxxGbuBQnE3tQwmVNDfW81Ghe9T9vbTHOx2ITCnfojiKueedD_vBMeyPKi9wBnTt5XrnraR3-b6efwOMCdLLGWkuewgOTPoPjNUPIir1jRD8r8xK_qyMYoOYwKycTNrVMMoUw_YJdGrsYGpOdM_N9qhcZk6nGQzQpbJyy5gwN5py1iahk-E2ufv34mbEO4c5kMTlnCO-8Yxi0ml8_tp2i-IKj_CCYO8aGXIvIszpEUfJIu9ZKrqIkCITBD1HSBohuZB0Br0qUH0qbhMISHZqt2cj4z2E_nabmBTBPqTCJrE_oMOAKW4VSSK5ViIqiuVeGs83Axzdrjo3Y3dCQ_z1qZXiLotm2I3bsdqMb47lslMUU1xQed5duGSob4cUb-cReVCd-HhH4ZXhPwvp96d4Xvvznlqdw0P_Uirud3pdX8Ijq0q-T0SqwP58tzAk8VMv5OJu9LrT0FtWL4DM
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+fall+of+a+city%3A+Refugees%2C+exodus+and+exile+in+Ernest+Hemingway%E2%80%99s+Istanbul%2C+1922&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+European+studies&rft.au=Maksudyan%2C+Nazan&rft.date=2023-09-01&rft.issn=0047-2441&rft.eissn=1740-2379&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=234&rft.epage=252&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F00472441231189029&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1177_00472441231189029
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0047-2441&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0047-2441&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0047-2441&client=summon