A CFD based modelling approach for predicting steam condensation in the presence of non-condensable gases

•Detailed CFD simulation of steam condensation with non-condensable gases using Ansys-CFX.•Implementation of Wall Condensation and multicomponent model for NPP containment application.•Critical evaluation of the Wall Condensation Model for real-time containment applications.•Validation against exper...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Nuclear engineering and design Jg. 324; S. 280 - 296
Hauptverfasser:	Punetha, Maneesh, Khandekar, Sameer
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 01.12.2017 Elsevier BV
Schlagworte:	Benchmarking and Validation CAD CFD modelling Computational fluid dynamics Computer aided design Computer simulation Condensation Conservation equations Containment Containment thermal-hydraulics Containment vessels Electric power plants Fluid dynamics Fluid flow Gases Heat transfer Helium Hydraulics Loss of coolant accidents Mathematical models Nuclear accidents & safety Nuclear electric power generation Nuclear energy Nuclear engineering Nuclear power plants Nuclear reactions Nuclear safety Phase transitions Species diffusion Steam Steam electric power generation Studies Transport processes Wall Condensation and multicomponent model Water vapor Containment thermal-hydraulics Benchmarking and Validation Wall Condensation and multicomponent model CFD modelling
ISSN:	0029-5493, 1872-759X
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Abstract	•Detailed CFD simulation of steam condensation with non-condensable gases using Ansys-CFX.•Implementation of Wall Condensation and multicomponent model for NPP containment application.•Critical evaluation of the Wall Condensation Model for real-time containment applications.•Validation against experiments from different containment thermal hydraulic facilities. A typical post Loss-of-Coolant-Accident (LOCA) situation in nuclear power plant containments is a major safety concern. The simultaneous presence of steam, air and potentially hazardous hydrogen, which may get generated due to the metal-water vapour reactions, can lead to a singularly dangerous situation that may jeopardize the integrity of the containment structure. After steam leakage, wall condensation inside the containment is the primary heat transfer mechanism to maintain favourable safe pressure and temperature. Condensation of steam leads to strong, local, natural convective fluid flow currents, which are coupled with buoyancy and diffusional flow of the involved species. In this paper, an attempt has been made to address these complex transport processes, involving multicomponent gas species and phase-change phenomena, by CFD approach using Ansys CFX. A Wall Condensation Model (WCM) is utilized to handle wall condensation wherein the condensate is computed as a sink term. The simulated results are benchmarked against available data from several small and large scale experiments (such as TOSQAN, CONAN and others). These validation cases are chosen so as to cover different types of geometries. Specific experiments are also performed for studying the diffusion of helium jets into air filled volumes – such situations are also validated by solving the coupled conservation equations for the multicomponent mixture. Unless the net non-condensable gas (NCG) concentration is very low (less than about 6%), it is shown that the WCM, in tandem with multicomponent mixture model (MCM), works quite well for simulating the considered containment thermal-hydraulic situations. This provides the necessary confidence to further develop and validate the CFD based approach to, in the end, be able to reliably simulate post-accident thermal-hydraulics of large containment structures.
AbstractList	A typical post Loss-of-Coolant-Accident (LOCA) situation in nuclear power plant containments is a major safety concern. The simultaneous presence of steam, air and potentially hazardous hydrogen, which may get generated due to the metal-water vapour reactions, can lead to a singularly dangerous situation that may jeopardize the integrity of the containment structure. After steam leakage, wall condensation inside the containment is the primary heat transfer mechanism to maintain favourable safe pressure and temperature. Condensation of steam leads to strong, local, natural convective fluid flow currents, which are coupled with buoyancy and diffusional flow of the involved species. In this paper, an attempt has been made to address these complex transport processes, involving multicomponent gas species and phase-change phenomena, by CFD approach using Ansys CFX. A Wall Condensation Model (WCM) is utilized to handle wall condensation wherein the condensate is computed as a sink term. The simulated results are benchmarked against available data from several small and large scale experiments (such as TOSQAN, CONAN and others). These validation cases are chosen so as to cover different types of geometries. Specific experiments are also performed for studying the diffusion of helium jets into air filled volumes -- such situations are also validated by solving the coupled conservation equations for the multicomponent mixture. Unless the net non-condensable gas (NCG) concentration is very low (less than about 6%), it is shown that the WCM, in tandem with multicomponent mixture model (MCM), works quite well for simulating the considered containment thermal-hydraulic situations. This provides the necessary confidence to further develop and validate the CFD based approach to, in the end, be able to reliably simulate post-accident thermal-hydraulics of large containment structures. •Detailed CFD simulation of steam condensation with non-condensable gases using Ansys-CFX.•Implementation of Wall Condensation and multicomponent model for NPP containment application.•Critical evaluation of the Wall Condensation Model for real-time containment applications.•Validation against experiments from different containment thermal hydraulic facilities. A typical post Loss-of-Coolant-Accident (LOCA) situation in nuclear power plant containments is a major safety concern. The simultaneous presence of steam, air and potentially hazardous hydrogen, which may get generated due to the metal-water vapour reactions, can lead to a singularly dangerous situation that may jeopardize the integrity of the containment structure. After steam leakage, wall condensation inside the containment is the primary heat transfer mechanism to maintain favourable safe pressure and temperature. Condensation of steam leads to strong, local, natural convective fluid flow currents, which are coupled with buoyancy and diffusional flow of the involved species. In this paper, an attempt has been made to address these complex transport processes, involving multicomponent gas species and phase-change phenomena, by CFD approach using Ansys CFX. A Wall Condensation Model (WCM) is utilized to handle wall condensation wherein the condensate is computed as a sink term. The simulated results are benchmarked against available data from several small and large scale experiments (such as TOSQAN, CONAN and others). These validation cases are chosen so as to cover different types of geometries. Specific experiments are also performed for studying the diffusion of helium jets into air filled volumes – such situations are also validated by solving the coupled conservation equations for the multicomponent mixture. Unless the net non-condensable gas (NCG) concentration is very low (less than about 6%), it is shown that the WCM, in tandem with multicomponent mixture model (MCM), works quite well for simulating the considered containment thermal-hydraulic situations. This provides the necessary confidence to further develop and validate the CFD based approach to, in the end, be able to reliably simulate post-accident thermal-hydraulics of large containment structures.
Author	Punetha, Maneesh Khandekar, Sameer
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Maneesh orcidid: 0000-0003-4075-0837 surname: Punetha fullname: Punetha, Maneesh email: maneeshp@iitk.ac.in – sequence: 2 givenname: Sameer surname: Khandekar fullname: Khandekar, Sameer email: samkhan@iitk.ac.in
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Cites_doi	10.1080/08916159608946519 10.1016/0017-9310(80)90095-2 10.1016/0017-9310(73)90144-0 10.13182/NT93-A17037 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2006.04.025 10.1021/ie50234a018 10.1016/0017-9310(67)90053-1 10.1021/ie50483a022 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2016.01.004 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2013.05.002 10.1016/S0029-5493(97)00185-4 10.1021/ie50677a007 10.1063/1.1461829 10.5516/NET.03.2014.702 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2013.07.014 10.1007/978-3-540-74234-0_3 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2014.03.007 10.1155/2009/738480 10.1007/s00231-004-0606-5 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2010.05.061 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2013.02.002
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Keywords	Containment thermal-hydraulics Benchmarking and Validation Wall Condensation and multicomponent model CFD modelling
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Snippet	•Detailed CFD simulation of steam condensation with non-condensable gases using Ansys-CFX.•Implementation of Wall Condensation and multicomponent model for NPP... A typical post Loss-of-Coolant-Accident (LOCA) situation in nuclear power plant containments is a major safety concern. The simultaneous presence of steam, air...
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SubjectTerms	Benchmarking and Validation CAD CFD modelling Computational fluid dynamics Computer aided design Computer simulation Condensation Conservation equations Containment Containment thermal-hydraulics Containment vessels Electric power plants Fluid dynamics Fluid flow Gases Heat transfer Helium Hydraulics Loss of coolant accidents Mathematical models Nuclear accidents & safety Nuclear electric power generation Nuclear energy Nuclear engineering Nuclear power plants Nuclear reactions Nuclear safety Phase transitions Species diffusion Steam Steam electric power generation Studies Transport processes Wall Condensation and multicomponent model Water vapor
Title	A CFD based modelling approach for predicting steam condensation in the presence of non-condensable gases
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