Kinetics of Gas Carburizing of Zr–1%Nb Alloy

The kinetic characteristics of thin-sheet (approx. 1 mm) Zr–1%Nb alloy samples after treatment in a carbon-containing gas medium ( P Ar + C 3 H 8 = 0.106 Pa) in a wide temperature range of 650–850°C and time 1; 5 and 10 h were investigated. The carburizing of the alloy at temperatures of 650 and 750...

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Published in:	Materials science (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 59; no. 5; pp. 623 - 629
Main Authors:	Trush, V. S., Pohrelyuk, I. M., Lyk’yanenko, A. G., Kravchyshyn, T. M., Fedirko, V. M., Korendii, V. M., Kovalchuk, I. V.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York Springer US 01.03.2024 Springer Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Activation energy Alloys Carbon Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemistry and Materials Science Gas carburizing Hardness Materials Science Microhardness Niobium base alloys Nuclear energy Partial pressure Solid Mechanics Specialty metals industry Structural Materials Surface layers Zirconium carbide microstructure carburizing surface layer crystal lattice parameters microhardness weight change kinetics Zr–1%Nb alloy
ISSN:	1068-820X, 1573-885X
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Abstract	The kinetic characteristics of thin-sheet (approx. 1 mm) Zr–1%Nb alloy samples after treatment in a carbon-containing gas medium ( P Ar + C 3 H 8 = 0.106 Pa) in a wide temperature range of 650–850°C and time 1; 5 and 10 h were investigated. The carburizing of the alloy at temperatures of 650 and 750°C occurs according to a law close to linear ( n ≈ 1), and at 850°C according to a law close to parabolic ( n ≈ 2). The activation energy of the alloy carburizing in the temperature range of 650–850°C at the propane partial pressure p C 3 H 8 = 0.018 Pa was 2.21 kJ/mol. The distribution of microhardness and structure of the near-surface layers of the alloy was shown. The microstructure of the near-surface layers of the alloy after carburizing was determined. The α-Zr and ZrC phase content on the alloy surface after treatment in a carbon-containing gas environment is presented.
AbstractList	The kinetic characteristics of thin-sheet (approx. 1 mm) Zr–1%Nb alloy samples after treatment in a carbon-containing gas medium (PAr+C3H8 = 0.106 Pa) in a wide temperature range of 650–850°C and time 1; 5 and 10 h were investigated. The carburizing of the alloy at temperatures of 650 and 750°C occurs according to a law close to linear (n ≈ 1), and at 850°C according to a law close to parabolic (n ≈ 2). The activation energy of the alloy carburizing in the temperature range of 650–850°C at the propane partial pressure pC3H8 = 0.018 Pa was 2.21 kJ/mol. The distribution of microhardness and structure of the near-surface layers of the alloy was shown. The microstructure of the near-surface layers of the alloy after carburizing was determined. The α-Zr and ZrC phase content on the alloy surface after treatment in a carbon-containing gas environment is presented. The kinetic characteristics of thin-sheet (approx. 1 mm) Zr-1%Nb alloy samples after treatment in a carbon-containing gas medium ( [Formula omitted] = 0.106 Pa) in a wide temperature range of 650-850°C and time 1; 5 and 10 h were investigated. The carburizing of the alloy at temperatures of 650 and 750°C occurs according to a law close to linear (n [almost equal to] 1), and at 850°C according to a law close to parabolic (n [almost equal to] 2). The activation energy of the alloy carburizing in the temperature range of 650-850°C at the propane partial pressure [Formula omitted] = 0.018 Pa was 2.21 kJ/mol. The distribution of microhardness and structure of the near-surface layers of the alloy was shown. The microstructure of the near-surface layers of the alloy after carburizing was determined. The [alpha]-Zr and ZrC phase content on the alloy surface after treatment in a carbon-containing gas environment is presented. The kinetic characteristics of thin-sheet (approx. 1 mm) Zr–1%Nb alloy samples after treatment in a carbon-containing gas medium ( P Ar + C 3 H 8 = 0.106 Pa) in a wide temperature range of 650–850°C and time 1; 5 and 10 h were investigated. The carburizing of the alloy at temperatures of 650 and 750°C occurs according to a law close to linear ( n ≈ 1), and at 850°C according to a law close to parabolic ( n ≈ 2). The activation energy of the alloy carburizing in the temperature range of 650–850°C at the propane partial pressure p C 3 H 8 = 0.018 Pa was 2.21 kJ/mol. The distribution of microhardness and structure of the near-surface layers of the alloy was shown. The microstructure of the near-surface layers of the alloy after carburizing was determined. The α-Zr and ZrC phase content on the alloy surface after treatment in a carbon-containing gas environment is presented.
Audience	Academic
Author	Kovalchuk, I. V. Pohrelyuk, I. M. Trush, V. S. Korendii, V. M. Fedirko, V. M. Kravchyshyn, T. M. Lyk’yanenko, A. G.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: V. S. surname: Trush fullname: Trush, V. S. email: trushvasyl@gmail.com organization: Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine – sequence: 2 givenname: I. M. surname: Pohrelyuk fullname: Pohrelyuk, I. M. organization: Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine – sequence: 3 givenname: A. G. surname: Lyk’yanenko fullname: Lyk’yanenko, A. G. organization: Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine – sequence: 4 givenname: T. M. surname: Kravchyshyn fullname: Kravchyshyn, T. M. organization: Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine – sequence: 5 givenname: V. M. surname: Fedirko fullname: Fedirko, V. M. organization: Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine – sequence: 6 givenname: V. M. surname: Korendii fullname: Korendii, V. M. organization: Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine – sequence: 7 givenname: I. V. surname: Kovalchuk fullname: Kovalchuk, I. V. organization: Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine
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References_xml	– reference: XuYRoquesJDomainCSimoniECarbon diffusion in bulk hcp zirconium: a multi-scale approachJ. of Nuclear Mater.201647361671:CAS:528:DC%2BC28Xjs1ekt7k%3D10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.02.010 – reference: G. Bart, and J. Bertsch, “Zirconium alloys for fuel element structures,” CHIMIA Int. J. for Chemistry, 59, Is. 12, 938–943 (2005). https://doi.org/10.2533/000942905777675480 – reference: TrushVSLukianenkoOHStoevPIInfluence of modification of the surface layer by penetrating impurities on the long-term strength of Zr–1% Nb alloyMater. Sci.20205545855891:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXpt1yktrc%3D10.1007/s11003-020-00342-z – reference: V. N. Fedirko, A. G. Luk’yanenko, and V. S. Trush, “Solid-solution hardening of the surface layer of titanium alloys. Part 2. Effect on metallophysical properties,” Metal Sci. and Heat Treat., 56, Is. 11, 661–664 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11041-015-9818-1 – reference: Z. Zhao, F. Liu, Q. Wang, J. Li, L. Zhong, Yu. Xu, P. Hui, J. Zhu, F. Yan, and M. Zhao, “Microstructure and mechanical properties of ZrC coating on zirconium fabricated by interstitial carburization,” J. of Alloys and Compounds, 834, art. no. 155110 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155110 – reference: SagirounMIACaoXRHelalWMKNjorogeJNReview of development of zirconium alloys as a fuel cladding material and its oxidation behavior at high-temperature steamInt. J. of Eng. Res. in Africa20204671410.4028/www.scientific.net/JERA.46.7 – reference: TrushVSFedirkoVMVoyevodinVMStoevPIPanovVAInfluence of the functional layer on the operating characteristics of Zr–1%Nb alloy at a temperature of 380°CMater. Sci.20215722342391:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XivFOmsb8%3D10.1007/s11003-021-00537-y – reference: D. J. M. King, A.J. Knowles, D. Bowden, M. R. Wenman, S. Capp, M. Gorley, J. Shimwell, L. Packer, M. R. Gilbert, and A. Harte, “High temperature zirconium alloys for fusion energy,” J. of Nuclear Mater., 559, art. no. 153431 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.153431 – reference: KoganYa. DKolachevBALevinskyiYuVNazimovOPFishgoitAVConstants of Metals Interaction with Gases1987MoscowMetallurgiya[in Russian] – reference: Y. Katoh, G. Vasudevamurthy, T. Nozawa, and L. L. Snead, “Properties of zirconium carbide for nuclear fuel applications,” J. of Nuclear Mater., 441, Is. 1–3, 718–742 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.05.03 – reference: G. Murtaza, S. S. Hussain, N. U. Rehman, S. Naseer, M. Shafiq, and M. Zakaullah, “Carburizing of zirconium using a low energy Mather type plasma focus,” Surf. and Coat. Techn., 205, Is. 8–9, 3012–3019 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.11.015 – reference: D. Q. Peng, X. D. Bai, and B. S. Chen, “Corrosion behavior of carbon-implanted M5 alloy in 1M H2SO4,” Appl. Surf. 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Snippet	The kinetic characteristics of thin-sheet (approx. 1 mm) Zr–1%Nb alloy samples after treatment in a carbon-containing gas medium ( P Ar + C 3 H 8 = 0.106 Pa)... The kinetic characteristics of thin-sheet (approx. 1 mm) Zr-1%Nb alloy samples after treatment in a carbon-containing gas medium ( [Formula omitted] = 0.106... The kinetic characteristics of thin-sheet (approx. 1 mm) Zr–1%Nb alloy samples after treatment in a carbon-containing gas medium (PAr+C3H8 = 0.106 Pa) in a...
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SubjectTerms	Activation energy Alloys Carbon Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemistry and Materials Science Gas carburizing Hardness Materials Science Microhardness Niobium base alloys Nuclear energy Partial pressure Solid Mechanics Specialty metals industry Structural Materials Surface layers Zirconium carbide
Title	Kinetics of Gas Carburizing of Zr–1%Nb Alloy
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