Finite element micromechanics model of impact compression of closed-cell polymer foams
Finite element analysis, of regular Kelvin foam models with all the material in uniform-thickness faces, was used to predict the compressive impact response of low-density closed-cell polyethylene and polystyrene foams. Cell air compression was analysed, treating cells as surface-based fluid cavitie...
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| Published in: | International journal of solids and structures Vol. 46; no. 3; pp. 677 - 697 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier Ltd
01.02.2009
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| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 0020-7683, 1879-2146 |
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| Abstract | Finite element analysis, of regular Kelvin foam models with all the material in uniform-thickness faces, was used to predict the compressive impact response of low-density closed-cell polyethylene and polystyrene foams. Cell air compression was analysed, treating cells as surface-based fluid cavities. For a typical 1
mm cell size and 50
s
−1 impact strain rate, the elastic buckling of cell faces, and pop-in shape inversion of some buckled square faces, caused a non-linear stress strain response before yield. Pairs of plastic hinges formed across hexagonal faces, then yield occurred when trios of faces concertinaed. The predicted compressive yield stresses were close to experimental data, for a range of foam densities. Air compression was the hardening mechanism for engineering strains <0.6, with face-to-face contact also contributing for strains >0.7. Predictions of lateral expansion and residual strains after impact were reasonable. There were no significant changes in the predicted behavior at a compressive strain rate of 500
s
−1. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Finite element analysis, of regular Kelvin foam models with all the material in uniform-thickness faces, was used to predict the compressive impact response of low-density closed-cell polyethylene and polystyrene foams. Cell air compression was analysed, treating cells as surface-based fluid cavities. For a typical 1
mm cell size and 50
s
−1 impact strain rate, the elastic buckling of cell faces, and pop-in shape inversion of some buckled square faces, caused a non-linear stress strain response before yield. Pairs of plastic hinges formed across hexagonal faces, then yield occurred when trios of faces concertinaed. The predicted compressive yield stresses were close to experimental data, for a range of foam densities. Air compression was the hardening mechanism for engineering strains <0.6, with face-to-face contact also contributing for strains >0.7. Predictions of lateral expansion and residual strains after impact were reasonable. There were no significant changes in the predicted behavior at a compressive strain rate of 500
s
−1. Finite element analysis, of regular Kelvin foam models with all the material in uniform-thickness faces, was used to predict the compressive impact response of low-density closed-cell polyethylene and polystyrene foams. Cell air compression was analysed, treating cells as surface-based fluid cavities. For a typical 1 mm cell size and 50 s-1 impact strain rate, the elastic buckling of cell faces, and pop-in shape inversion of some buckled square faces, caused a non-linear stress strain response before yield. Pairs of plastic hinges formed across hexagonal faces, then yield occurred when trios of faces concertinaed. The predicted compressive yield stresses were close to experimental data, for a range of foam densities. Air compression was the hardening mechanism for engineering strains < 0.6, with face-to-face contact also contributing for strains > 0.7. Predictions of lateral expansion and residual strains after impact were reasonable. There were no significant changes in the predicted behavior at a compressive strain rate of 500 s-1. |
| Author | Mills, N.J. Brühwiler, P.A. Stämpfli, R. Marone, F. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: N.J. surname: Mills fullname: Mills, N.J. email: n.j.mills@bham.ac.uk organization: Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: R. surname: Stämpfli fullname: Stämpfli, R. organization: EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, St Gallen, Switzerland – sequence: 3 givenname: F. surname: Marone fullname: Marone, F. organization: Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland – sequence: 4 givenname: P.A. surname: Brühwiler fullname: Brühwiler, P.A. organization: EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, St Gallen, Switzerland |
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| Keywords | Impact Mechanical properties Foam structures Modelling |
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| References | Gong, Kyriakides, Triantafyllis (bib11) 2005; 53 Mills (bib15) 1996; 5 Simone, Gibson (bib25) 1998; 46 Almanza, Rodrı´guez-Pérez, Chernev, de Saja, Zipper (bib4) 2005; 41 Gibson, Ashby (bib10) 1997 Brakke, Sullivan (bib7) 1997 Almanza, Masso-Moreu, Mills, Rodrı´guez-Pérez (bib3) 2004; 45 Deshpande, Fleck (bib8) 2000; 24 Loveridge, Mills (bib12) 1991; 10 Almanza, Rodrı´guez-Pérez, de Saja (bib2) 2001; 42 Zhu, Mills, Knott (bib31) 1997; 45 ABAQUS 6.7, 2007. Hibbert, Karlson and Sorenson, Inc., Pawtucket, RI. Willinger, Baumgartner, Guimberteau (bib29) 2000; 235 Stampanoni, M., Groso, A., Isenegger, A. Mikuljan., G., Chen, Q., Bertrand, A., Henein, S., Betemps, R., Frommherz, U., Bühler, P., Meister, D. Lange, M., Abela, R., 2006. Trends in synchrotron-based tomographic imaging: the SLS experience. In: Proceedings of the SPIE, Devel, in X-ray Tomography, 6318 pp. Mills (bib16) 2005 Zheng, Yu, Li (bib30) 2005; 32 Mills (bib14) 1994 Song, Chen, Dou, Winfree, Kang (bib26) 2005; 31 McKown, S., 2005. The progressive collapse of novel aluminium foam structures, Ph.D. thesis, University of Liverpool. Ankrah, S., 2003. Ph.D. thesis, Protective materials for sporting applications, University of Birmingham. Mills (bib18) 2007; 44 Mills, Gilchrist (bib19) 1997; 16 Avalle, Belingardi, Ibba (bib6) 2007; 34 Ouellet, Cronin, Worswick (bib22) 2006; 25 Mills (bib17) 2007 Mills, Zhu (bib21) 1999; 47 Stauffer, F., 2007. Sandwich-Strukturen für ein besseres Dämpfungsverhalten in Polystyrol-basierten Helmen, M.Sc. thesis, ETH, Zürich. Rusch (bib23) 1970; 14 Di Landro, Sala, Olivieri (bib9) 2002; 21 Santosa, Wierzbicki (bib24) 1998; 46 Mills, Gilchrist (bib20) 2007; 42 Mills (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib19) 1997; 16 Simone (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib25) 1998; 46 Song (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib26) 2005; 31 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib5 Almanza (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib2) 2001; 42 Santosa (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib24) 1998; 46 Avalle (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib6) 2007; 34 Mills (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib17) 2007 Almanza (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib4) 2005; 41 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib1 Rusch (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib23) 1970; 14 Mills (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib14) 1994 Deshpande (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib8) 2000; 24 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib13 Gibson (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib10) 1997 Gong (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib11) 2005; 53 Almanza (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib3) 2004; 45 Mills (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib16) 2005 Zhu (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib31) 1997; 45 Loveridge (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib12) 1991; 10 Di Landro (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib9) 2002; 21 Zheng (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib30) 2005; 32 Mills (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib20) 2007; 42 Mills (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib15) 1996; 5 Mills (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib18) 2007; 44 Mills (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib21) 1999; 47 Willinger (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib29) 2000; 235 Brakke (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib7) 1997 Ouellet (10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib22) 2006; 25 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib27 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.09.012_bib28 |
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