Two-dimensional turbulence above topography: condensation transition and selection of minimum enstrophy solutions

We consider two-dimensional flows above topography, revisiting the selective decay (or minimum enstrophy) hypothesis of Bretherton and Haidvogel. We derive a ‘condensed branch’ of solutions to the variational problem where a domain-scale condensate coexists with a flow at the (smaller) scale of the...

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Published in:Journal of fluid mechanics Vol. 988
Main Author: Gallet, Basile
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 31.05.2024
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ISSN:0022-1120, 1469-7645
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Abstract We consider two-dimensional flows above topography, revisiting the selective decay (or minimum enstrophy) hypothesis of Bretherton and Haidvogel. We derive a ‘condensed branch’ of solutions to the variational problem where a domain-scale condensate coexists with a flow at the (smaller) scale of the topography. The condensate arises through a supercritical bifurcation as the conserved energy of the initial condition exceeds a threshold value, a prediction that we quantitatively validate using direct numerical simulations. We then consider the forced–dissipative case, showing how weak forcing and dissipation select a single dissipative state out of the continuum of solutions to the energy-conserving system predicted by selective decay. As the forcing strength increases, the condensate arises through a supercritical bifurcation for topographic-scale forcing and through a subcritical bifurcation for domain-scale forcing, both predictions being quantitatively validated by direct numerical simulations. This method provides a way of determining the equilibrated state of forced–dissipative flows based on variational approaches to the associated energy-conserving system, such as the statistical mechanics of two-dimensional flows or selective decay.
AbstractList We consider two-dimensional flows above topography, revisiting the selective decay (or minimum enstrophy) hypothesis of Bretherton and Haidvogel. We derive a ‘condensed branch’ of solutions to the variational problem where a domain-scale condensate coexists with a flow at the (smaller) scale of the topography. The condensate arises through a supercritical bifurcation as the conserved energy of the initial condition exceeds a threshold value, a prediction that we quantitatively validate using direct numerical simulations. We then consider the forced–dissipative case, showing how weak forcing and dissipation select a single dissipative state out of the continuum of solutions to the energy-conserving system predicted by selective decay. As the forcing strength increases, the condensate arises through a supercritical bifurcation for topographic-scale forcing and through a subcritical bifurcation for domain-scale forcing, both predictions being quantitatively validated by direct numerical simulations. This method provides a way of determining the equilibrated state of forced–dissipative flows based on variational approaches to the associated energy-conserving system, such as the statistical mechanics of two-dimensional flows or selective decay.
ArticleNumber A13
Author Gallet, Basile
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  orcidid: 0000-0002-4366-3889
  surname: Gallet
  fullname: Gallet, Basile
  email: basile.gallet@cea.fr
  organization: Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1029_2024JC021713
crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevLett_134_204001
crossref_primary_10_1017_jfm_2024_633
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Keywords ocean processes
topographic effects
quasi-geostrophic flows
Language English
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Snippet We consider two-dimensional flows above topography, revisiting the selective decay (or minimum enstrophy) hypothesis of Bretherton and Haidvogel. We derive a...
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SubjectTerms Approximation
Bifurcations
Condensates
Cyclones
Decay
Direct numerical simulation
Dissipation
Energy
Energy conservation
Enstrophy
JFM Papers
Lagrange multiplier
Phase transitions
Simulation
Statistical mechanics
Topography
Turbulence
Two dimensional flow
Vortices
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Title Two-dimensional turbulence above topography: condensation transition and selection of minimum enstrophy solutions
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