Bridging TSN and 5G networks: Prototype design and evaluation for real-time embedded systems
Integrating Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) with 5G cellular networks facilitates high-bandwidth, low-latency end-to-end communication in networked embedded systems. An integrated TSN-5G network has the potential to support predictable and deterministic end-to-end communication, as well as to signif...
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| Published in: | Journal of systems architecture Vol. 168; p. 103531 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier B.V
01.11.2025
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| ISSN: | 1383-7621, 1873-6165 |
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| Abstract | Integrating Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) with 5G cellular networks facilitates high-bandwidth, low-latency end-to-end communication in networked embedded systems. An integrated TSN-5G network has the potential to support predictable and deterministic end-to-end communication, as well as to significantly enhance scalability, particularly in industrial automation, by providing flexibility, efficiency, and responsiveness. This paper aims to facilitate the end-to-end (E2E) communication over the integrated TSN-5G networks, by addressing two of the main challenges: (1) design and implementation of an effective TSN-5G gateway that not only ensures an effective forwarding mechanism to translate the traffic among both networks, but also maps the TSN traffic to the corresponding 5G quality-of-service profiles to ensure the timing requirements of highly critical traffic, and (2) establishment of clock synchronization across all network components to support the E2E communication in TSN-5G networks. The paper outlines the design and implementation of a robust TSN-5G gateway that bridges TSN and 5G network architectures, ensuring seamless interoperability between them. We utilize a standalone private 5G network within a controlled lab environment to establish the E2E communication for the TSN-5G network, with a particular emphasizes on analyzing latencies and jitter to provide valuable insights for industrial implementation. Moreover, the gateway facilitates a time synchronization approach, to enable time coordination between network components that supports E2E communication on TSN-5G networks considering the hardware limitation. Our findings indicate that achieving latencies below 20 ms is feasible in an integrated TSN-5G network using the proposed configuration of a private 5G setup with a channel bandwidth of 40 MHz. |
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| AbstractList | Integrating Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) with 5G cellular networks facilitates high-bandwidth, low-latency end-to-end communication in networked embedded systems. An integrated TSN-5G network has the potential to support predictable and deterministic end-to-end communication, as well as to significantly enhance scalability, particularly in industrial automation, by providing flexibility, efficiency, and responsiveness. This paper aims to facilitate the end-to-end (E2E) communication over the integrated TSN-5G networks, by addressing two of the main challenges: (1) design and implementation of an effective TSN-5G gateway that not only ensures an effective forwarding mechanism to translate the traffic among both networks, but also maps the TSN traffic to the corresponding 5G quality-of-service profiles to ensure the timing requirements of highly critical traffic, and (2) establishment of clock synchronization across all network components to support the E2E communication in TSN-5G networks. The paper outlines the design and implementation of a robust TSN-5G gateway that bridges TSN and 5G network architectures, ensuring seamless interoperability between them. We utilize a standalone private 5G network within a controlled lab environment to establish the E2E communication for the TSN-5G network, with a particular emphasizes on analyzing latencies and jitter to provide valuable insights for industrial implementation. Moreover, the gateway facilitates a time synchronization approach, to enable time coordination between network components that supports E2E communication on TSN-5G networks considering the hardware limitation. Our findings indicate that achieving latencies below 20 ms is feasible in an integrated TSN-5G network using the proposed configuration of a private 5G setup with a channel bandwidth of 40 MHz. |
| ArticleNumber | 103531 |
| Author | Ragnarsson, Daniel Ashjaei, Mohammad Nordin, Didrik Mayta, William Rosales Satka, Zenepe Mubeen, Saad Nord, Josefina |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Zenepe surname: Satka fullname: Satka, Zenepe email: zenepe.satka@mdu.se – sequence: 2 givenname: Mohammad surname: Ashjaei fullname: Ashjaei, Mohammad – sequence: 3 givenname: Josefina surname: Nord fullname: Nord, Josefina – sequence: 4 givenname: William Rosales surname: Mayta fullname: Mayta, William Rosales – sequence: 5 givenname: Didrik surname: Nordin fullname: Nordin, Didrik – sequence: 6 givenname: Daniel surname: Ragnarsson fullname: Ragnarsson, Daniel – sequence: 7 givenname: Saad surname: Mubeen fullname: Mubeen, Saad |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1109/MIE.2017.2649104 10.1109/TII.2021.3131865 10.1109/TII.2018.2879544 10.23919/JCC.fa.2022-0548.202304 10.1109/OJIES.2021.3135524 10.1109/JPROC.2019.2905334 10.1109/JSTSP.2021.3137669 10.1016/j.sysarc.2021.102137 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3127482 10.1109/JSAC.2019.2898744 10.1016/j.sysarc.2023.102852 |
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| Keywords | 5G Time-sensitive networking Heterogeneous real-time networks Networked embedded systems TSN Time synchronization |
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| Snippet | Integrating Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) with 5G cellular networks facilitates high-bandwidth, low-latency end-to-end communication in networked embedded... |
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| SubjectTerms | 5g Mobile Communication Systems Automation Design And Implementations Embedded Systems End-to-end Communication Gateways (computer Networks) Heterogeneous Real-time Network Heterogeneous Real-time Networks Interactive Computer Systems Interoperability Network Architecture Network Components Networked Embedded Systems Prototype Designs Real Time Network Real Time Systems Synchronization Time Synchronization Time-sensitive Networking TSN Wireless Networks |
| Title | Bridging TSN and 5G networks: Prototype design and evaluation for real-time embedded systems |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2025.103531 https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-73076 |
| Volume | 168 |
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