Assessing transit competitiveness in Seoul considering actual transit travel times based on smart card data

Transit is important for alleviating traffic congestion, air pollution, and parking problems caused by excessive auto traffic in sustainable transport systems. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance transit ridership in a city by providing a more competitive transit service. Meanwhile, with the recent...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of transport geography Vol. 80; p. 102546
Main Authors: Lee, Hasik, Park, Ho-Chul, Kho, Seung-Young, Kim, Dong-Kyu
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2019
Elsevier BV
Subjects:
ISSN:0966-6923, 1873-1236
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract Transit is important for alleviating traffic congestion, air pollution, and parking problems caused by excessive auto traffic in sustainable transport systems. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance transit ridership in a city by providing a more competitive transit service. Meanwhile, with the recent development of traffic information collection technologies, it is possible to acquire more accurate and rich information on transit and auto travel times through smart card data and map-based application programming interface (API) services. In this study, we analyze transit competitiveness compared to autos in Seoul using smart card data, which can represent actual transit travel times. Auto travel information is obtained from the T map, which is the most popular navigation application in Korea. As a methodology, we present a new transit competitiveness index to measure transit competitiveness for the network-wide analysis based on the travel time. The analysis of the results shows that the transit is more competitive for the people commuting to and from two major business districts, i.e., Gangnam business district (GBD) and Central business district (CBD), in Seoul on peak hours. This means that the transit system in Seoul is well-equipped, and people can easily access to employment or other opportunities by using transit. However, there are some residential and another major business district where transit is not competitive. The results also show that variability in transit travel time at peak hours may cause a decrease in transit competitiveness. We also suggest recommendations to improve transit competitiveness in Seoul. Based on the recommendations, the Seoul government should strive to improve transit competitiveness.
AbstractList Transit is important for alleviating traffic congestion, air pollution, and parking problems caused by excessive auto traffic in sustainable transport systems. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance transit ridership in a city by providing a more competitive transit service. Meanwhile, with the recent development of traffic information collection technologies, it is possible to acquire more accurate and rich information on transit and auto travel times through smart card data and map-based application programming interface (API) services. In this study, we analyze transit competitiveness compared to autos in Seoul using smart card data, which can represent actual transit travel times. Auto travel information is obtained from the T map, which is the most popular navigation application in Korea. As a methodology, we present a new transit competitiveness index to measure transit competitiveness for the network-wide analysis based on the travel time. The analysis of the results shows that the transit is more competitive for the people commuting to and from two major business districts, i.e., Gangnam business district (GBD) and Central business district (CBD), in Seoul on peak hours. This means that the transit system in Seoul is well-equipped, and people can easily access to employment or other opportunities by using transit. However, there are some residential and another major business district where transit is not competitive. The results also show that variability in transit travel time at peak hours may cause a decrease in transit competitiveness. We also suggest recommendations to improve transit competitiveness in Seoul. Based on the recommendations, the Seoul government should strive to improve transit competitiveness.
ArticleNumber 102546
Author Kho, Seung-Young
Lee, Hasik
Park, Ho-Chul
Kim, Dong-Kyu
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Hasik
  surname: Lee
  fullname: Lee, Hasik
  email: hasiklee@snu.ac.kr
  organization: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Ho-Chul
  surname: Park
  fullname: Park, Ho-Chul
  email: hcpark@mju.ac.kr
  organization: Department of Transportation Engineering, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Seung-Young
  surname: Kho
  fullname: Kho, Seung-Young
  email: sykho@snu.ac.kr
  organization: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Dong-Kyu
  surname: Kim
  fullname: Kim, Dong-Kyu
  email: dongkyukim@snu.ac.kr
  organization: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
BookMark eNqFkEtLxDAUhYMoODP6F6TgumPSR9qCC4fBFwy4UNchTW6G1E4yJumA_96Uqgs3s7rknvOdcM8cnRprAKErgpcEE3rTLbvguNmCXWaYNHGZlQU9QTNSV3lKspyeohluKE1pk-XnaO59hzGpom-GPlbeg_fabJMxxOuQCLvbQ9BBH8BEKdEmeQU79FGIugQ3mrkIA-__mDgPEJ96Bz5puQeZWJP4HXcxjzuZSB74BTpTvPdw-TMX6P3h_m39lG5eHp_Xq00q8gKHtJRlqSoKIFvA0OBS0bhqWiwzyGjbVKWo6pa0hSKVqimIUmZSYSqwwpVUIl-g6yl37-znAD6wzg7OxC9ZlpOqrvOcFNF1O7mEs947UEzowIO2Jh6je0YwG-tlHfutl431sqneiNN_-N7peO_XcfBuAiFWcNDgmBcajACpHYjApNXHIr4Bunqd_w
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cstp_2021_02_001
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physa_2022_128387
crossref_primary_10_3390_app131910954
crossref_primary_10_1140_epjds_s13688_025_00559_5
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trd_2023_103978
crossref_primary_10_3390_app11114790
crossref_primary_10_1155_2021_6685004
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclepro_2024_141333
crossref_primary_10_1155_2020_8819791
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2020_3044956
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_habitatint_2021_102348
crossref_primary_10_3390_info16010024
crossref_primary_10_3390_app12115755
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_techsoc_2024_102562
crossref_primary_10_1177_03611981211027562
crossref_primary_10_1177_03611981211013349
crossref_primary_10_1177_03611981231190394
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtrangeo_2022_103518
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cities_2024_104934
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtrangeo_2025_104110
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_its_2019_0158
crossref_primary_10_1109_TITS_2025_3571101
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tranpol_2021_11_018
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tra_2020_07_020
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tranpol_2022_10_004
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trc_2025_105125
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tranpol_2024_10_023
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtrangeo_2023_103768
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cstp_2024_101282
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtrangeo_2023_103626
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eswa_2023_120196
Cites_doi 10.1080/01441647.2017.1278647
10.1016/j.tra.2016.07.003
10.1068/a3673
10.1080/19475683.2011.625977
10.1080/03081060.2016.1160582
10.1016/j.cities.2010.05.001
10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2016.12.016
10.3141/2144-16
10.1016/j.tra.2017.06.011
10.1080/00420980701426616
10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2016.06.019
10.1007/s12205-018-0218-0
10.1016/S0968-090X(97)00017-X
10.1007/s00168-010-0392-6
10.1016/j.trc.2013.07.010
10.1179/1942787514Y.0000000017
10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00212-X
10.3390/su10030787
10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2013.06.011
10.1016/j.tranpol.2016.11.005
10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.01.005
10.1016/j.tra.2006.05.002
10.3828/idpr.24.4.5
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Copyright Elsevier BV Oct 2019
Copyright_xml – notice: 2019 Elsevier Ltd
– notice: Copyright Elsevier BV Oct 2019
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
7ST
C1K
SOI
DOI 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546
DatabaseName CrossRef
Environment Abstracts
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
Environment Abstracts
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Environment Abstracts
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
DatabaseTitleList
Environment Abstracts
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Economics
EISSN 1873-1236
ExternalDocumentID 10_1016_j_jtrangeo_2019_102546
S0966692319303898
GroupedDBID --K
--M
..I
.~1
0R~
1B1
1RT
1~.
1~5
29L
4.4
457
4G.
5GY
5VS
7-5
71M
8P~
9JM
9JO
AACTN
AAEDT
AAEDW
AAFJI
AAIAV
AAIKJ
AAKOC
AALRI
AAOAW
AAQFI
AAQXK
AAXUO
ABFNM
ABFYP
ABJNI
ABLST
ABMAC
ABMMH
ABTAH
ABXDB
ABYKQ
ACDAQ
ACGFS
ACHQT
ACRLP
ADBBV
ADEZE
ADMUD
AEBSH
AEKER
AFKWA
AFRAH
AFTJW
AFXIZ
AGHFR
AGUBO
AGYEJ
AHEUO
AHHHB
AIEXJ
AIKHN
AITUG
AJBFU
AJOXV
AKIFW
AKYCK
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMFUW
AMRAJ
AOMHK
ASPBG
AVARZ
AVWKF
AXJTR
AZFZN
BKOJK
BLECG
BLXMC
CS3
DU5
EBS
EFJIC
EFLBG
EJD
EO8
EO9
EP2
EP3
FDB
FEDTE
FGOYB
FIRID
FNPLU
FYGXN
G-2
G-Q
GBLVA
HMY
HVGLF
HZ~
IHE
J1W
KCYFY
KOM
M3Y
M41
MO0
MS~
N9A
O-L
O9-
OAUVE
OZT
P-8
P-9
P2P
PC.
PRBVW
Q38
R2-
RIG
ROL
RPZ
SDF
SDG
SES
SEW
SPCBC
SSB
SSJ
SSO
SSS
SSZ
T5K
UHS
WUQ
ZY4
~G-
9DU
AATTM
AAXKI
AAYWO
AAYXX
ABWVN
ACLOT
ACRPL
ACVFH
ADCNI
ADNMO
AEIPS
AEUPX
AFJKZ
AFPUW
AGQPQ
AIGII
AIIUN
AKBMS
AKRWK
AKYEP
ANKPU
APXCP
CITATION
EFKBS
~HD
7ST
AGCQF
C1K
SOI
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c340t-5d55f76eedbe0e905f65d59b0d2e26b975c78b1b4f17f86ec5d2df06c0f07dfc3
ISICitedReferencesCount 34
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000496873800022&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 0966-6923
IngestDate Wed Aug 13 04:54:55 EDT 2025
Tue Nov 18 21:08:34 EST 2025
Sat Nov 29 07:05:33 EST 2025
Fri Feb 23 02:30:59 EST 2024
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Keywords Application programming interface (API) service
Smart card data
Transit
Competitiveness
Language English
LinkModel OpenURL
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c340t-5d55f76eedbe0e905f65d59b0d2e26b975c78b1b4f17f86ec5d2df06c0f07dfc3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
PQID 2317883314
PQPubID 2045440
ParticipantIDs proquest_journals_2317883314
crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_jtrangeo_2019_102546
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtrangeo_2019_102546
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_jtrangeo_2019_102546
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate October 2019
2019-10-00
20191001
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2019-10-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 10
  year: 2019
  text: October 2019
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace Kidlington
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Kidlington
PublicationTitle Journal of transport geography
PublicationYear 2019
Publisher Elsevier Ltd
Elsevier BV
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier Ltd
– name: Elsevier BV
References Benenson, Martens, Rofé, Kwartler (bb0005) 2011; 47
Cho (bb0025) 2002; 24
Javanmardi, Langerudi, Shabanpour, Mohammadian (bb0060) 2015
Chakrabarti (bb0020) 2017; 54
Lee, Lee, Kho, Kim (bb0085) 2019; 23
Sun, Chen, Zhang, Shen (bb0125) 2016; 39
Zhang, Xu, Sun (bb0140) 2018; 171
Kwok, Yeh (bb0080) 2004; 36
Sun, Zhang, Zhang, Chen, Peng (bb0120) 2014; 6
Guzman, Oviedo, Rivera (bb0050) 2017; 58
Ma, Wu, Wang, Chen, Liu (bb0100) 2013; 36
El-Geneidy, Levinson, Diab, Boisjoly, Verbich, Loong (bb0045) 2016; 91
Litman (bb0090) 2007
Dumas (bb0040) 2015
Saghapour, Moridpour, Thompson (bb0105) 2016; 54
Lovett, Haynes, Sünnerberg, Gate (bb0095) 2002; 55
Wang, Xu (bb0130) 2011; 17
Wu (bb0135) 2017
Boarnet, Giuliano, Hou, Shin (bb0010) 2017; 103
Di Ciommo, Shiftan (bb0035) 2017; 37
Kim, Kim, Sohn (bb0075) 2018; 10
Karner (bb0065) 2018; 67
Sohn, Shim (bb0115) 2010; 27
Jang (bb0055) 2010; 2144
Salonen, Toivonen (bb0110) 2013; 31
Casello (bb0015) 2007; 41
Kawabata, Shen (bb0070) 2007; 44
Costa, Markellos (bb0030) 1997; 5
Zhang (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0140) 2018; 171
Javanmardi (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0060) 2015
Lee (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0085) 2019; 23
Saghapour (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0105) 2016; 54
Wu (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0135) 2017
Guzman (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0050) 2017; 58
Cho (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0025) 2002; 24
El-Geneidy (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0045) 2016; 91
Wang (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0130) 2011; 17
Sun (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0125) 2016; 39
Sohn (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0115) 2010; 27
Litman (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0090)
Dumas (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0040) 2015
Sun (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0120) 2014; 6
Ma (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0100) 2013; 36
Casello (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0015) 2007; 41
Salonen (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0110) 2013; 31
Kwok (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0080) 2004; 36
Benenson (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0005) 2011; 47
Kim (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0075) 2018; 10
Karner (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0065) 2018; 67
Jang (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0055) 2010; 2144
Boarnet (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0010) 2017; 103
Lovett (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0095) 2002; 55
Di Ciommo (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0035) 2017; 37
Costa (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0030) 1997; 5
Chakrabarti (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0020) 2017; 54
Kawabata (10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0070) 2007; 44
References_xml – volume: 91
  start-page: 302
  year: 2016
  end-page: 316
  ident: bb0045
  article-title: The cost of equity: assessing transit accessibility and social disparity using total travel cost
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract.
– year: 2007
  ident: bb0090
  article-title: Evaluating Accessibility for Transportation Planning. Victoria Transport Policy Institute
– volume: 5
  start-page: 301
  year: 1997
  end-page: 312
  ident: bb0030
  article-title: Evaluating public transport efficiency with neural network models
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol.
– volume: 58
  start-page: 236
  year: 2017
  end-page: 246
  ident: bb0050
  article-title: Assessing equity in transport accessibility to work and study: the Bogotá region
  publication-title: J. Transp. Geogr.
– volume: 54
  start-page: 273
  year: 2016
  end-page: 285
  ident: bb0105
  article-title: Public transport accessibility in metropolitan areas: a new approach incorporating population density
  publication-title: J. Transp. Geogr.
– volume: 23
  start-page: 788
  year: 2019
  end-page: 799
  ident: bb0085
  article-title: Evaluation of transfer efficiency between bus and Subway based on data envelopment analysis using smart card data
  publication-title: KSCE J. Civ. Eng.
– volume: 17
  start-page: 199
  year: 2011
  end-page: 209
  ident: bb0130
  article-title: Estimating O-D travel time matrix by Google maps API: implementation, advantages, and implications
  publication-title: Ann. GIS
– volume: 36
  start-page: 1
  year: 2013
  end-page: 12
  ident: bb0100
  article-title: Mining smart card data for transit riders' travel patterns
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol.
– volume: 27
  start-page: 358
  year: 2010
  end-page: 368
  ident: bb0115
  article-title: Factors generating boardings at metro stations in the Seoul metropolitan area
  publication-title: Cities
– volume: 54
  start-page: 80
  year: 2017
  end-page: 89
  ident: bb0020
  article-title: How can public transit get people out of their cars? An analysis of transit mode choice for commute trips in Los Angeles
  publication-title: Transp. Policy
– volume: 41
  start-page: 19
  year: 2007
  end-page: 40
  ident: bb0015
  article-title: Transit competitiveness in polycentric metropolitan regions
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract.
– year: 2017
  ident: bb0135
  article-title: Masters Thesis: Accessibility Disparity Between Transit and Automobile: A Study of Atlanta and Seattle
– volume: 103
  start-page: 296
  year: 2017
  end-page: 310
  ident: bb0010
  article-title: First/last mile transit access as an equity planning issue
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract.
– volume: 44
  start-page: 1759
  year: 2007
  end-page: 1780
  ident: bb0070
  article-title: Commuting inequality between cars and public transit: commuting inequality between cars and public transit: the case of the San Francisco Bay Area, 1990-2000
  publication-title: Urban Stud.
– volume: 55
  start-page: 97
  year: 2002
  end-page: 111
  ident: bb0095
  article-title: Car travel time and accessibility by bus to general practitioner services: a study using patient registers and GIS
  publication-title: Soc. Sci. Med.
– volume: 10
  start-page: 787
  year: 2018
  ident: bb0075
  article-title: Relationship between Spatio-temporal travel patterns derived from smart-card data and local environmental characteristics of Seoul, Korea
  publication-title: Sustain.
– volume: 171
  start-page: 65
  year: 2018
  end-page: 74
  ident: bb0140
  article-title: A mixed frontier model for urban bus performance evaluation
  publication-title: Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Transp.
– volume: 47
  start-page: 499
  year: 2011
  end-page: 515
  ident: bb0005
  article-title: Public transport versus private car GIS-based estimation of accessibility applied to the Tel Aviv metropolitan area
  publication-title: Ann. Reg. Sci.
– volume: 39
  start-page: 407
  year: 2016
  end-page: 423
  ident: bb0125
  article-title: A bus route evaluation model based on GIS and super-efficient data envelopment analysis
  publication-title: Transp. Plan. Technol.
– volume: 24
  start-page: 419
  year: 2002
  end-page: 432
  ident: bb0025
  article-title: Civic spaces in urban Korea: the spatial enrichment of civil society
  publication-title: Int. Dev. Plan. Rev.
– volume: 36
  start-page: 921
  year: 2004
  end-page: 936
  ident: bb0080
  article-title: The use of modal accessibility gap as an indicator for sustainable transport development
  publication-title: Environ. Plan. A
– volume: 31
  start-page: 143
  year: 2013
  end-page: 153
  ident: bb0110
  article-title: Modelling travel time in urban networks: comparable measures for private car and public transport
  publication-title: J. Transp. Geogr.
– volume: 37
  start-page: 139
  year: 2017
  end-page: 151
  ident: bb0035
  article-title: Transport equity analysis
  publication-title: Transp. Rev.
– year: 2015
  ident: bb0040
  article-title: Masters Thesis: Analyzing Transit Equity Using Automatically Collected Data
– volume: 2144
  start-page: 142
  year: 2010
  end-page: 149
  ident: bb0055
  article-title: Travel time and transfer analysis using transit smart card data
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board
– volume: 6
  start-page: 118
  year: 2014
  end-page: 125
  ident: bb0120
  article-title: Urban travel behavior analyses and route prediction based on floating car data
  publication-title: Transp. Lett.
– volume: 67
  start-page: 24
  year: 2018
  end-page: 32
  ident: bb0065
  article-title: Assessing public transit service equity using route-level accessibility measures and public data
  publication-title: J. Transp. Geogr.
– year: 2015
  ident: bb0060
  article-title: Mode Choice Modelling Using Personalized Travel Time and Cost Data
– volume: 37
  start-page: 139
  issue: 2
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0035
  article-title: Transport equity analysis
  publication-title: Transp. Rev.
  doi: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1278647
– volume: 91
  start-page: 302
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0045
  article-title: The cost of equity: assessing transit accessibility and social disparity using total travel cost
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract.
  doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2016.07.003
– year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0040
– volume: 36
  start-page: 921
  issue: 5
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0080
  article-title: The use of modal accessibility gap as an indicator for sustainable transport development
  publication-title: Environ. Plan. A
  doi: 10.1068/a3673
– ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0090
– volume: 17
  start-page: 199
  issue: 4
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0130
  article-title: Estimating O-D travel time matrix by Google maps API: implementation, advantages, and implications
  publication-title: Ann. GIS
  doi: 10.1080/19475683.2011.625977
– volume: 39
  start-page: 407
  issue: 4
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0125
  article-title: A bus route evaluation model based on GIS and super-efficient data envelopment analysis
  publication-title: Transp. Plan. Technol.
  doi: 10.1080/03081060.2016.1160582
– volume: 27
  start-page: 358
  issue: 5
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0115
  article-title: Factors generating boardings at metro stations in the Seoul metropolitan area
  publication-title: Cities
  doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2010.05.001
– year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0135
– volume: 58
  start-page: 236
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0050
  article-title: Assessing equity in transport accessibility to work and study: the Bogotá region
  publication-title: J. Transp. Geogr.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2016.12.016
– volume: 2144
  start-page: 142
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0055
  article-title: Travel time and transfer analysis using transit smart card data
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board
  doi: 10.3141/2144-16
– volume: 103
  start-page: 296
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0010
  article-title: First/last mile transit access as an equity planning issue
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract.
  doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2017.06.011
– volume: 44
  start-page: 1759
  issue: 9
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0070
  article-title: Commuting inequality between cars and public transit: commuting inequality between cars and public transit: the case of the San Francisco Bay Area, 1990-2000
  publication-title: Urban Stud.
  doi: 10.1080/00420980701426616
– volume: 54
  start-page: 273
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0105
  article-title: Public transport accessibility in metropolitan areas: a new approach incorporating population density
  publication-title: J. Transp. Geogr.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2016.06.019
– volume: 23
  start-page: 788
  issue: 2
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0085
  article-title: Evaluation of transfer efficiency between bus and Subway based on data envelopment analysis using smart card data
  publication-title: KSCE J. Civ. Eng.
  doi: 10.1007/s12205-018-0218-0
– volume: 5
  start-page: 301
  issue: 5
  year: 1997
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0030
  article-title: Evaluating public transport efficiency with neural network models
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/S0968-090X(97)00017-X
– volume: 47
  start-page: 499
  issue: 3
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0005
  article-title: Public transport versus private car GIS-based estimation of accessibility applied to the Tel Aviv metropolitan area
  publication-title: Ann. Reg. Sci.
  doi: 10.1007/s00168-010-0392-6
– volume: 36
  start-page: 1
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0100
  article-title: Mining smart card data for transit riders' travel patterns
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2013.07.010
– volume: 6
  start-page: 118
  issue: 3
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0120
  article-title: Urban travel behavior analyses and route prediction based on floating car data
  publication-title: Transp. Lett.
  doi: 10.1179/1942787514Y.0000000017
– volume: 55
  start-page: 97
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0095
  article-title: Car travel time and accessibility by bus to general practitioner services: a study using patient registers and GIS
  publication-title: Soc. Sci. Med.
  doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00212-X
– volume: 10
  start-page: 787
  issue: 3
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0075
  article-title: Relationship between Spatio-temporal travel patterns derived from smart-card data and local environmental characteristics of Seoul, Korea
  publication-title: Sustain.
  doi: 10.3390/su10030787
– year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0060
– volume: 31
  start-page: 143
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0110
  article-title: Modelling travel time in urban networks: comparable measures for private car and public transport
  publication-title: J. Transp. Geogr.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2013.06.011
– volume: 54
  start-page: 80
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0020
  article-title: How can public transit get people out of their cars? An analysis of transit mode choice for commute trips in Los Angeles
  publication-title: Transp. Policy
  doi: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2016.11.005
– volume: 171
  start-page: 65
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0140
  article-title: A mixed frontier model for urban bus performance evaluation
  publication-title: Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Transp.
– volume: 67
  start-page: 24
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0065
  article-title: Assessing public transit service equity using route-level accessibility measures and public data
  publication-title: J. Transp. Geogr.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.01.005
– volume: 41
  start-page: 19
  issue: 1
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0015
  article-title: Transit competitiveness in polycentric metropolitan regions
  publication-title: Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract.
  doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2006.05.002
– volume: 24
  start-page: 419
  issue: 4
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546_bb0025
  article-title: Civic spaces in urban Korea: the spatial enrichment of civil society
  publication-title: Int. Dev. Plan. Rev.
  doi: 10.3828/idpr.24.4.5
SSID ssj0017102
Score 2.4002647
Snippet Transit is important for alleviating traffic congestion, air pollution, and parking problems caused by excessive auto traffic in sustainable transport systems....
SourceID proquest
crossref
elsevier
SourceType Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 102546
SubjectTerms Air pollution
Application programming interface (API) service
Business competition
Central business districts
Commuting
Competitiveness
Data collection
Smart card data
Smart cards
Sustainable transportation
Traffic congestion
Traffic information
Transit
Transportation systems
Travel time
Title Assessing transit competitiveness in Seoul considering actual transit travel times based on smart card data
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102546
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2317883314
Volume 80
WOSCitedRecordID wos000496873800022&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVESC
  databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals 2021
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1873-1236
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0017102
  issn: 0966-6923
  databaseCode: AIEXJ
  dateStart: 19950301
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com
  providerName: Elsevier
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1bb9MwFLZKhwQviKsYDOQHxEtlyN3x4zR1Kqwqk-hQ36zGsVlGl5Ymnca_4adyfEkaTYXBAy9R6shN5PPl5Ng-33cQeqOCRIiIRcSf55JEcR6QTGUCfkKwEdBUJcrozI7pZJLOZuy01_vZcGGuFrQs0-trtvqvpoY2MLamzv6Duds_hQY4B6PDEcwOx78yvN3GdeUfyqqoTdq4JpM1jq3QLmK50cIgtlqnISpaJknTp9ZliRa29PxAf-pyva1QXcINtZp1PnCktl2Rbd0Ipg--yq4i9jbvZzSvipYidOrStUdLcnS-zVM8OTeruJ8luCNinNI2X-DSxv5w4eTHprtw4bM2Bc6tprWMmi_dVckkIQmzFOR30vrklIZEi8R0nbYt_-S8rr_zW2CXJS5gGNaap6GZnj7TUhVxtEN8e_KJH5-Nx3w6nE3frr4TXZdM79-7Ii130F5AY5b20d7hh-HsY7tTpSM0o-foHrzDQt99698FQDdCARPfTB-iB858-NAC6hHqyfIxutfw1qsn6FsLLOxAgm8ACxclNsDCHWBhC6y2jwUWNsDCBlh4WWIDLKyBhTWwnqKz4-H0aERcqQ4iwsirSZzHsaIJBFyZ9CTzYpVAE8u8PJBBkjEaC5pmfhYpn6o0kQKcQq68RHjKo7kS4TPUL5elfI7wPPOiOUxk51RF4EQoY-AwAipSCXPfPAz3UdyMHxdOx16XU1nwJmHxgjfjzvW4czvu--h9229llVxu7cEa83AXj9o4kwPEbu170NiTO-dQcZhLUV3c249e_PnyS3R_-8YcoH693shX6K64qotq_dpB8BdXBrum
linkProvider Elsevier
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Assessing+transit+competitiveness+in+Seoul+considering+actual+transit+travel+times+based+on+smart+card+data&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+transport+geography&rft.au=Lee%2C+Hasik&rft.au=Park%2C+Ho-Chul&rft.au=Kho%2C+Seung-Young&rft.au=Kim%2C+Dong-Kyu&rft.date=2019-10-01&rft.pub=Elsevier+BV&rft.issn=0966-6923&rft.eissn=1873-1236&rft.volume=80&rft.spage=1&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jtrangeo.2019.102546&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0966-6923&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0966-6923&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0966-6923&client=summon