Intercalibration of the GPM Microwave Radiometer Constellation

The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is a constellation-based satellite mission designed to unify and advance precipitation measurements using both research and operational microwave sensors. This requires consistency in the input brightness temperatures (Tb), which is accomplished by...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Journal of atmospheric and oceanic technology Jg. 33; H. 12; S. 2639 - 2654
Hauptverfasser:	Berg, Wesley, Bilanow, Stephen, Chen, Ruiyao, Datta, Saswati, Draper, David, Ebrahimi, Hamideh, Farrar, Spencer, Jones, W. Linwood, Kroodsma, Rachael, McKague, Darren, Payne, Vivienne, Wang, James, Wilheit, Thomas, Yang, John Xun
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Boston American Meteorological Society 01.12.2016
Schlagworte:	Brightness temperature Calibration Channels Global precipitation Intercalibration Meteorological satellites Microwave imagery Microwave radiometers Microwave sensors Observatories Precipitation Precipitation measurements Radiometers Satellite constellations Sensors Temperature Working groups
ISSN:	0739-0572, 1520-0426
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Abstract	The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is a constellation-based satellite mission designed to unify and advance precipitation measurements using both research and operational microwave sensors. This requires consistency in the input brightness temperatures (Tb), which is accomplished by intercalibrating the constellation radiometers using the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) as the calibration reference. The first step in intercalibrating the sensors involves prescreening the sensor Tb to identify and correct for calibration biases across the scan or along the orbit path. Next, multiple techniques developed by teams within the GPM Intersatellite Calibration Working Group (XCAL) are used to adjust the calibrations of the constellation radiometers to be consistent with GMI. Comparing results from multiple approaches helps identify flaws or limitations of a given technique, increase confidence in the results, and provide a measure of the residual uncertainty. The original calibration differences relative to GMI are generally within 2–3 K for channels below 92 GHz, although AMSR2 exhibits larger differences that vary with scene temperature. SSMIS calibration differences also vary with scene temperature but to a lesser degree. For SSMIS channels above 150 GHz, the differences are generally within ~2 K with the exception of SSMIS on board DMSP F19 , which ranges from 7 to 11 K colder than GMI depending on frequency. The calibrations of the cross-track radiometers agree very well with GMI with values mostly within 0.5 K for the Sondeur Atmosphérique du Profil d’Humidité Intertropicale par Radiométrie (SAPHIR) and the Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) sensors, and within 1 K for the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS).
AbstractList	The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is a constellation-based satellite mission designed to unify and advance precipitation measurements using both research and operational microwave sensors. This requires consistency in the input brightness temperatures (Tb), which is accomplished by intercalibrating the constellation radiometers using the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) as the calibration reference. The first step in intercalibrating the sensors involves prescreening the sensor Tb to identify and correct for calibration biases across the scan or along the orbit path. Next, multiple techniques developed by teams within the GPM Intersatellite Calibration Working Group (XCAL) are used to adjust the calibrations of the constellation radiometers to be consistent with GMI. Comparing results from multiple approaches helps identify flaws or limitations of a given technique, increase confidence in the results, and provide a measure of the residual uncertainty. The original calibration differences relative to GMI are generally within 2–3 K for channels below 92 GHz, although AMSR2 exhibits larger differences that vary with scene temperature. SSMIS calibration differences also vary with scene temperature but to a lesser degree. For SSMIS channels above 150 GHz, the differences are generally within ~2 K with the exception of SSMIS on board DMSP F19, which ranges from 7 to 11 K colder than GMI depending on frequency. The calibrations of the cross-track radiometers agree very well with GMI with values mostly within 0.5 K for the Sondeur Atmosphérique du Profil d’Humidité Intertropicale par Radiométrie (SAPHIR) and the Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) sensors, and within 1 K for the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS). The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is a constellation-based satellite mission designed to unify and advance precipitation measurements using both research and operational microwave sensors. This requires consistency in the input brightness temperatures (Tb), which is accomplished by intercalibrating the constellation radiometers using the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) as the calibration reference. The first step in intercalibrating the sensors involves prescreening the sensor Tb to identify and correct for calibration biases across the scan or along the orbit path. Next, multiple techniques developed by teams within the GPM Intersatellite Calibration Working Group (XCAL) are used to adjust the calibrations of the constellation radiometers to be consistent with GMI. Comparing results from multiple approaches helps identify flaws or limitations of a given technique, increase confidence in the results, and provide a measure of the residual uncertainty. The original calibration differences relative to GMI are generally within 2–3 K for channels below 92 GHz, although AMSR2 exhibits larger differences that vary with scene temperature. SSMIS calibration differences also vary with scene temperature but to a lesser degree. For SSMIS channels above 150 GHz, the differences are generally within ~2 K with the exception of SSMIS on board DMSP F19 , which ranges from 7 to 11 K colder than GMI depending on frequency. The calibrations of the cross-track radiometers agree very well with GMI with values mostly within 0.5 K for the Sondeur Atmosphérique du Profil d’Humidité Intertropicale par Radiométrie (SAPHIR) and the Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) sensors, and within 1 K for the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS).
Author	Bilanow, Stephen Farrar, Spencer Ebrahimi, Hamideh Draper, David Wilheit, Thomas Datta, Saswati Jones, W. Linwood Chen, Ruiyao Kroodsma, Rachael Payne, Vivienne Wang, James Yang, John Xun McKague, Darren Berg, Wesley
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Wesley surname: Berg fullname: Berg, Wesley organization: a Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado – sequence: 2 givenname: Stephen surname: Bilanow fullname: Bilanow, Stephen organization: b Wyle Information Systems, McLean, Virginia – sequence: 3 givenname: Ruiyao surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Ruiyao organization: c University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida – sequence: 4 givenname: Saswati surname: Datta fullname: Datta, Saswati organization: d Data and Image Processing Consultants, LLC, Morrisville, North Carolina – sequence: 5 givenname: David surname: Draper fullname: Draper, David organization: e Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corporation, Boulder, Colorado – sequence: 6 givenname: Hamideh surname: Ebrahimi fullname: Ebrahimi, Hamideh organization: c University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida – sequence: 7 givenname: Spencer surname: Farrar fullname: Farrar, Spencer organization: c University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida – sequence: 8 givenname: W. Linwood surname: Jones fullname: Jones, W. Linwood organization: c University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida – sequence: 9 givenname: Rachael surname: Kroodsma fullname: Kroodsma, Rachael organization: f Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland – sequence: 10 givenname: Darren surname: McKague fullname: McKague, Darren organization: g University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan – sequence: 11 givenname: Vivienne surname: Payne fullname: Payne, Vivienne organization: h Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California – sequence: 12 givenname: James surname: Wang fullname: Wang, James organization: i Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland – sequence: 13 givenname: Thomas surname: Wilheit fullname: Wilheit, Thomas organization: j Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas – sequence: 14 givenname: John Xun surname: Yang fullname: Yang, John Xun organization: g University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Snippet	The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is a constellation-based satellite mission designed to unify and advance precipitation measurements using...
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SubjectTerms	Brightness temperature Calibration Channels Global precipitation Intercalibration Meteorological satellites Microwave imagery Microwave radiometers Microwave sensors Observatories Precipitation Precipitation measurements Radiometers Satellite constellations Sensors Temperature Working groups
Title	Intercalibration of the GPM Microwave Radiometer Constellation
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