DLMP of Competitive Markets in Active Distribution Networks: Models, Solutions, Applications, and Visions

Traditionally, the electric distribution system operates with uniform energy prices across all system nodes. However, as the adoption of distributed energy resources (DERs) propels a shift from passive to active distribution network (ADN) operation, a distribution-level electricity market has been p...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Proceedings of the IEEE Vol. 111; no. 7; pp. 725 - 743
Main Authors:	Wang, Xiaofei, Li, Fangxing, Bai, Linquan, Fang, Xin
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York IEEE 01.07.2023 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:	AC machines Active distribution network (ADN) Active distribution networks alternating current optimal power flow (ACOPF) centralized Clearing convexification; demand response (DR) Costs Current distribution direct current optimal power flow (DCOPF) distributed and decentralized solution methods distributed energy resource (DER) Distributed generation Distributed power generation distribution locational marginal price (DLMP) Distribution networks distribution system operator (DSO) distribution-level electricity market Electric power distribution Electricity supply industry Energy sources Generators linearization microgrid (MG) Optimal control peer-to-peer (P2P) trading Peer-to-peer computing Power distribution networks Power markets Pricing State-of-the-art reviews Voltage
ISSN:	0018-9219, 1558-2256
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Abstract	Traditionally, the electric distribution system operates with uniform energy prices across all system nodes. However, as the adoption of distributed energy resources (DERs) propels a shift from passive to active distribution network (ADN) operation, a distribution-level electricity market has been proposed to manage new complexities efficiently. In addition, distribution locational marginal price (DLMP) has been established in the literature as the primary pricing mechanism. The DLMP inherits the LMP concept in the transmission-level wholesale market but incorporates characteristics of the distribution system, such as high <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">R/X </tex-math></inline-formula> ratios and power losses, system imbalance, and voltage regulation needs. The DLMP provides a solution that can be essential for competitive market operation in future distribution systems. This article first provides an overview of the current distribution-level market architectures and their early implementations. Next, the general clearing model, model relaxations, and DLMP formulation are comprehensively reviewed. The state-of-the-art solution methods for distribution market clearing are summarized and categorized into centralized, distributed, and decentralized methods. Then, DLMP applications for the operation and planning of DERs and distribution system operators (DSOs) are discussed in detail. Finally, visions of future research directions and possible barriers and challenges are presented.
AbstractList	Traditionally, the electric distribution system operates with uniform energy prices across all system nodes. However, as the adoption of distributed energy resources (DERs) propels a shift from passive to active distribution network (ADN) operation, a distribution-level electricity market has been proposed to manage new complexities efficiently. In addition, distribution locational marginal price (DLMP) has been established in the literature as the primary pricing mechanism. The DLMP inherits the LMP concept in the transmission-level wholesale market but incorporates characteristics of the distribution system, such as high <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">R/X </tex-math></inline-formula> ratios and power losses, system imbalance, and voltage regulation needs. The DLMP provides a solution that can be essential for competitive market operation in future distribution systems. This article first provides an overview of the current distribution-level market architectures and their early implementations. Next, the general clearing model, model relaxations, and DLMP formulation are comprehensively reviewed. The state-of-the-art solution methods for distribution market clearing are summarized and categorized into centralized, distributed, and decentralized methods. Then, DLMP applications for the operation and planning of DERs and distribution system operators (DSOs) are discussed in detail. Finally, visions of future research directions and possible barriers and challenges are presented. Traditionally, the electric distribution system operates with uniform energy prices across all system nodes. However, as the adoption of distributed energy resources (DERs) propels a shift from passive to active distribution network (ADN) operation, a distribution-level electricity market has been proposed to manage new complexities efficiently. In addition, distribution locational marginal price (DLMP) has been established in the literature as the primary pricing mechanism. The DLMP inherits the LMP concept in the transmission-level wholesale market but incorporates characteristics of the distribution system, such as high [Formula Omitted] ratios and power losses, system imbalance, and voltage regulation needs. The DLMP provides a solution that can be essential for competitive market operation in future distribution systems. This article first provides an overview of the current distribution-level market architectures and their early implementations. Next, the general clearing model, model relaxations, and DLMP formulation are comprehensively reviewed. The state-of-the-art solution methods for distribution market clearing are summarized and categorized into centralized, distributed, and decentralized methods. Then, DLMP applications for the operation and planning of DERs and distribution system operators (DSOs) are discussed in detail. Finally, visions of future research directions and possible barriers and challenges are presented.
Author	Li, Fangxing Fang, Xin Wang, Xiaofei Bai, Linquan
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Xiaofei orcidid: 0000-0001-7783-4204 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Xiaofei organization: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Fangxing orcidid: 0000-0003-1060-7618 surname: Li fullname: Li, Fangxing email: fli6@utk.edu organization: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Linquan orcidid: 0000-0002-1408-0369 surname: Bai fullname: Bai, Linquan organization: Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, The University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Xin orcidid: 0000-0002-7979-803X surname: Fang fullname: Fang, Xin organization: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO, USA
BookMark	eNp9kMlOwzAQhi1UJErhBeBiiSspXuIk5la1rGppxXaNHMeW3KZxsF0Qb0-aVhw4cJrt_2ZG_zHo1bZWAJxhNMQY8avHxfN8PCSIkCHFaUooOgB9zFgWEcKSHugjhLOIE8yPwLH3S4QQZQntAzOZzhbQaji260YFE8yngjPhVip4aGo4kl1nYnxwptgEY2v4pMKXdSt_DWe2VJW_hC-26kZtOmqaykixr0Rdwnfjt8UJONSi8up0Hwfg7fbmdXwfTed3D-PRNJKU8hAlgpdMC5YJInCCiEgkizVhpVYJFmXBWUkLJjWJC0mFzpDAqSpiKUteoIwiOgAXu72Nsx8b5UO-tBtXtydzktEEMcR53KqynUo6671TOpcmdF8HJ0yVY5Rvjc07Y_Otsfne2BYlf9DGmbVw3_9D5zvIKKV-AZ5yhlNOfwDTaYdx
CODEN	IEEPAD
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1049_gtd2_70127 crossref_primary_10_1109_TASE_2025_3566098 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2024_3350914 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSTE_2024_3509314 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2022_108854 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2024_111099 crossref_primary_10_1109_TR_2024_3523894 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_prime_2025_101083 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2023_3301447 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apenergy_2025_126668 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compeleceng_2025_110356 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jup_2025_101890 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apenergy_2025_126058 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apenergy_2025_125485 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2024_111285 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2024_110150 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_segan_2025_101648 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSTE_2023_3306912 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apenergy_2024_122790 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_energy_2025_138075 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2023_3292076 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apenergy_2024_122730 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2024_110099 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2024_110330 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apenergy_2025_125866
Cites_doi	10.1109/CDC.2014.7039642 10.1109/TSTE.2021.3062044 10.1109/PSCC.2014.7038399 10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106266 10.1109/TIE.2018.2881938 10.1109/OAJPE.2020.3023916 10.1109/TSG.2020.2966216 10.1109/TSG.2013.2291330 10.1109/TPWRS.2020.3029272 10.1109/TSG.2018.2822766 10.1016/j.epsr.2016.11.001 10.1109/TPWRS.2021.3051629 10.1109/TSG.2014.2321748 10.1109/TSG.2017.2718546 10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2293542 10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2741672 10.1109/TPWRS.2021.3107671 10.1016/j.epsr.2016.11.025 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.111 10.1109/OAJPE.2021.3098660 10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2881131 10.1016/j.energy.2011.06.045 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.02.024 10.1109/MPE.2022.3150825 10.1109/MELE.2020.3026444 10.1109/TSG.2016.2614904 10.1109/PESGM.2017.8274546 10.1109/TSTE.2020.2976968 10.1109/TSG.2020.2995923 10.1109/NAPS.2018.8600621 10.1109/TSTE.2018.2884223 10.1038/nenergy.2016.32 10.1109/TSG.2016.2647692 10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106635 10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2398821 10.1109/OAJPE.2021.3075426 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2911576 10.1109/JIOT.2020.3007196 10.1109/TSG.2019.2941687 10.1109/TSG.2021.3088309 10.1109/TSG.2021.3075386 10.1109/61.25627 10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2278952 10.1109/TSG.2020.3026014 10.1016/j.energy.2018.04.021 10.1109/TCNS.2014.2323634 10.1109/TPWRS.2012.2218665 10.1016/j.rser.2019.01.036 10.1109/TSG.2017.2684183 10.1109/TPEC51183.2021.9384964 10.1109/TPWRS.2006.873006 10.2172/1508510 10.35833/MPCE.2019.000572 10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.06.025 10.1109/ACC.2016.7525118 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2961330 10.1109/TPWRS.2022.3152517 10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2767632 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.06.036 10.1109/TSG.2016.2614988 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2338735 10.1016/j.ijepes.2007.12.003 10.1109/TVT.2019.2904464 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.07.004 10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105533 10.1016/j.energy.2009.07.022 10.1016/j.rser.2016.06.008 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2954971 10.1109/UPEC49904.2020.9209840 10.1109/TSG.2017.2720471 10.1109/TII.2014.2346993 10.1109/TPWRS.2011.2160974 10.1109/TSG.2016.2627139 10.1007/s40565-016-0256-x 10.1109/TPWRS.2007.907924 10.1109/TCNS.2014.2309732 10.1109/TII.2020.2973213 10.1109/PESGM41954.2020.9281895 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114399 10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2718551 10.1049/iet-rpg.2018.6019 10.1016/j.energy.2017.07.036 10.1109/CCTA.2017.8062773 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116131 10.1109/TSG.2020.3031013 10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.0958 10.1109/TSG.2014.2336093 10.1109/TSG.2018.2805169 10.1561/2200000016 10.1109/TSG.2017.2752234 10.1109/TII.2018.2790429 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2875405 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2359977 10.1109/TSG.2017.2711921 10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2720122 10.1109/TSG.2020.3037556 10.1109/EPEC.2017.8286235 10.1007/978-3-030-44544-7 10.1109/TSG.2020.3039984 10.1109/TSG.2013.2278868 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.136 10.2172/1483067 10.1109/TSG.2019.2911996 10.1109/TSG.2019.2957799 10.1109/TSG.2019.2919601 10.1109/TSG.2016.2532467 10.5547/2160-5890.6.1.iper 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2332540 10.1109/ICRERA.2015.7418705 10.1109/JSYST.2020.2997189 10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.106884 10.1109/TSG.2019.2955852 10.1109/TSG.2019.2895527 10.1093/oxrep/grx041 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2901249 10.1109/TSG.2020.2980538 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.06.054 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2949097 10.1109/TII.2018.2807396 10.1007/BF00934554 10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112683 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.086 10.1109/TSG.2016.2594814 10.1109/TPWRS.2016.2595621 10.1109/TPWRS.2016.2605921 10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2255317 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.017 10.1109/TSG.2020.3010260 10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2833959 10.1109/TSG.2017.2673860 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114387 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.089 10.1109/JPROC.2016.2520758 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2017.00240 10.1109/TSG.2021.3061282 10.1109/TPWRS.2006.879234 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2916144 10.1115/1.1582501 10.1109/TSG.2020.2969657 10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2862149 10.1109/TSG.2012.2192298 10.23919/ACC.2017.7963150
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2023
Copyright_xml	– notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2023
DBID	97E ESBDL RIA RIE AAYXX CITATION 7SP 8FD L7M
DOI	10.1109/JPROC.2022.3177230
DatabaseName	IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005–Present IEEE Xplore Open Access Journals (WRLC) IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) CrossRef Electronics & Communications Abstracts Technology Research Database Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef Technology Research Database Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Electronics & Communications Abstracts
DatabaseTitleList	Technology Research Database
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: RIE name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ sourceTypes: Publisher
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Engineering
EISSN	1558-2256
EndPage	743
ExternalDocumentID	10_1109_JPROC_2022_3177230 9795179
Genre	orig-research
GrantInformation_xml	– fundername: National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Department of Energy under NSF grantid: EEC-1041877 funderid: 10.13039/100000149 – fundername: NSF grantid: ECCS-1809458 funderid: 10.13039/100000001 – fundername: CURENT, an Engineering Research Center
GroupedDBID	-DZ -~X .DC 0R~ 123 1OL 29P 3EH 4.4 6IK 85S 97E 9M8 AAJGR AAWTH ABAZT ABFSI ABJNI ABQJQ ABVLG ACBEA ACGFS AENEX AETEA AETIX AFOGA AGNAY AGQYO AGSQL AHBIQ AIBXA ALLEH ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AZLTO BEFXN BFFAM BGNUA BKEBE BPEOZ CS3 DU5 EBS EJD ESBDL FA8 HZ~ H~9 IAAWW IBMZZ ICLAB IDIHD IFIPE IFJZH IPLJI JAVBF LAI M43 MVM O9- OCL RIA RIE RIU RNS TAE TN5 TWZ UDY UHB UKR UQL VOH WHG XJT XOL YNT ZCA ZXP ZY4 ~02 AAYXX CITATION 7SP 8FD L7M
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c339t-6a9d5fa58a2a1602a6c54f25dfe61adb95d3b5cf24bc3af80a17eb4ccd9b08303
IEDL.DBID	RIE
ISICitedReferencesCount	39
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000829067000001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	0018-9219
IngestDate	Sun Nov 09 07:29:43 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:14:48 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 06:01:44 EST 2025 Wed Aug 27 02:18:11 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess	true
IsOpenAccess	true
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	7
Language	English
License	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c339t-6a9d5fa58a2a1602a6c54f25dfe61adb95d3b5cf24bc3af80a17eb4ccd9b08303
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14
ORCID	0000-0003-1060-7618 0000-0002-1408-0369 0000-0001-7783-4204 0000-0002-7979-803X
OpenAccessLink	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9795179
PQID	2836050994
PQPubID	85453
PageCount	19
ParticipantIDs	crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_JPROC_2022_3177230 ieee_primary_9795179 crossref_primary_10_1109_JPROC_2022_3177230 proquest_journals_2836050994
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	2023-07-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2023-07-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 07 year: 2023 text: 2023-07-01 day: 01
PublicationDecade	2020
PublicationPlace	New York
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: New York
PublicationTitle	Proceedings of the IEEE
PublicationTitleAbbrev	JPROC
PublicationYear	2023
Publisher	IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher_xml	– name: IEEE – name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
References	ref57 (ref23) 2021 ref56 ref59 ref58 ref53 ref55 ref54 (ref19) 2018 wang (ref150) 2022 ref51 ref50 ref46 ref45 ref48 ref47 ref42 ref44 ref49 ref8 liu (ref52) 2021; 7 ref7 ref9 ref4 ref3 ref6 ref5 ref100 ref101 ref35 ref34 ref37 ref36 ref31 ref148 ref30 ref149 ref33 ref146 ref32 ref147 (ref154) 2021 (ref21) 2022 ref39 ref38 zhao (ref73) 2017 (ref25) 2022 ref155 ref153 ref151 ref152 ref24 ref26 ref159 ref22 ref157 ref158 ref28 ref27 ref29 (ref20) 2022 ref13 ref12 ref128 ref14 ref129 ref97 ref126 ref96 ref127 ref11 ref99 ref124 ref10 ref98 ref125 ref16 ref93 ref133 ref92 ref134 ref95 ref131 ref94 ref132 ref130 ref91 ref90 ref89 ref139 ref86 ref137 ref85 ref138 ref88 ref135 ref136 (ref156) 2017 (ref17) 2018 ref82 ref144 ref81 ref145 ref84 ref142 ref83 ref143 ref140 ref141 ref80 ref79 ref108 ref78 ref109 ref106 ref107 ref75 ref104 ref74 ref105 ref77 ref102 ref76 ref103 lezama (ref15) 2019; 34 ref2 ref1 (ref41) 2020 (ref18) 2019 kirschen (ref43) 2018 ref71 ref111 ref70 ref112 ref72 ref110 ref68 ref119 ref67 ref117 ref69 ref118 ref64 ref115 ref63 ref116 ref66 ref113 ref65 ref114 (ref40) 2020 jacquot (ref87) 2020 kraning (ref123) 2013; 1 ref60 ref122 ref62 ref120 ref61 ref121
References_xml	– year: 2017 ident: ref156 article-title: Coordination of transmission and distribution operations in a high distributed energy resource electric grid – ident: ref124 doi: 10.1109/CDC.2014.7039642 – ident: ref138 doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2021.3062044 – ident: ref62 doi: 10.1109/PSCC.2014.7038399 – ident: ref114 doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106266 – ident: ref113 doi: 10.1109/TIE.2018.2881938 – year: 2019 ident: ref18 publication-title: TSO-DSO Coordination for Acquiring Ancillary Services From Distribution Grids-The SmartNet Project Final Results – ident: ref5 doi: 10.1109/OAJPE.2020.3023916 – ident: ref53 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2020.2966216 – ident: ref112 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2013.2291330 – volume: 7 start-page: 893 year: 2021 ident: ref52 article-title: A two-stage peer-to-peer energy trading model for distribution systems with participation of utility publication-title: CSEE J Power Energy Syst – ident: ref110 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2020.3029272 – ident: ref106 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2018.2822766 – ident: ref94 doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2016.11.001 – ident: ref144 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2021.3051629 – ident: ref140 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2014.2321748 – ident: ref31 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2017.2718546 – ident: ref128 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2293542 – ident: ref132 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2741672 – ident: ref66 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2021.3107671 – ident: ref105 doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2016.11.025 – ident: ref99 doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.111 – year: 2020 ident: ref87 article-title: DLMP-based coordination procedure for decentralized demand response under distribution network constraints publication-title: arXiv 2004 06004 – ident: ref135 doi: 10.1109/OAJPE.2021.3098660 – ident: ref57 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2881131 – ident: ref9 doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2011.06.045 – year: 2018 ident: ref19 publication-title: Cornwall local energy market – ident: ref92 doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.02.024 – ident: ref137 doi: 10.1109/MPE.2022.3150825 – ident: ref56 doi: 10.1109/MELE.2020.3026444 – ident: ref118 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2016.2614904 – ident: ref100 doi: 10.1109/PESGM.2017.8274546 – ident: ref39 doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2020.2976968 – ident: ref44 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2020.2995923 – ident: ref33 doi: 10.1109/NAPS.2018.8600621 – ident: ref139 doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2018.2884223 – year: 2022 ident: ref21 publication-title: Nodes – ident: ref14 doi: 10.1038/nenergy.2016.32 – ident: ref74 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2016.2647692 – ident: ref115 doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106635 – ident: ref151 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2398821 – ident: ref6 doi: 10.1109/OAJPE.2021.3075426 – ident: ref147 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2911576 – ident: ref102 doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2020.3007196 – ident: ref12 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2019.2941687 – ident: ref54 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2021.3088309 – ident: ref84 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2021.3075386 – ident: ref60 doi: 10.1109/61.25627 – ident: ref81 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2278952 – ident: ref149 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2020.3026014 – ident: ref119 doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.04.021 – ident: ref79 doi: 10.1109/TCNS.2014.2323634 – ident: ref91 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2012.2218665 – volume: 1 start-page: 70 year: 2013 ident: ref123 article-title: Dynamic network energy management via proximal message passing publication-title: Found Trends Optim – ident: ref49 doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2019.01.036 – ident: ref77 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2017.2684183 – ident: ref129 doi: 10.1109/TPEC51183.2021.9384964 – ident: ref28 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2006.873006 – ident: ref1 doi: 10.2172/1508510 – ident: ref157 doi: 10.35833/MPCE.2019.000572 – ident: ref3 doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.06.025 – ident: ref125 doi: 10.1109/ACC.2016.7525118 – ident: ref48 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2961330 – ident: ref97 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2022.3152517 – ident: ref8 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2767632 – ident: ref143 doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.06.036 – ident: ref103 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2016.2614988 – ident: ref134 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2338735 – ident: ref71 doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2007.12.003 – ident: ref65 doi: 10.1109/TVT.2019.2904464 – ident: ref142 doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.07.004 – ident: ref126 doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105533 – ident: ref93 doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2009.07.022 – ident: ref131 doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.06.008 – ident: ref46 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2954971 – year: 2020 ident: ref41 publication-title: Battery Storage in the United States An Update on Market Trends – ident: ref130 doi: 10.1109/UPEC49904.2020.9209840 – ident: ref108 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2017.2720471 – ident: ref148 doi: 10.1109/TII.2014.2346993 – ident: ref72 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2011.2160974 – ident: ref86 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2016.2627139 – ident: ref16 doi: 10.1007/s40565-016-0256-x – ident: ref27 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2007.907924 – year: 2021 ident: ref23 publication-title: EMPOWER – ident: ref78 doi: 10.1109/TCNS.2014.2309732 – ident: ref121 doi: 10.1109/TII.2020.2973213 – ident: ref36 doi: 10.1109/PESGM41954.2020.9281895 – ident: ref22 doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114399 – ident: ref88 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2718551 – ident: ref34 doi: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2018.6019 – ident: ref107 doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.07.036 – ident: ref55 doi: 10.1109/CCTA.2017.8062773 – ident: ref51 doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116131 – ident: ref104 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2020.3031013 – ident: ref32 doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.0958 – ident: ref83 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2014.2336093 – ident: ref67 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2018.2805169 – year: 2022 ident: ref20 publication-title: Piclo Flex – ident: ref109 doi: 10.1561/2200000016 – ident: ref61 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2017.2752234 – ident: ref96 doi: 10.1109/TII.2018.2790429 – ident: ref98 doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2875405 – ident: ref82 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2359977 – year: 2018 ident: ref43 article-title: Introduction publication-title: Fundamentals of Power System Economics – ident: ref141 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2017.2711921 – ident: ref69 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2720122 – ident: ref47 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2020.3037556 – ident: ref80 doi: 10.1109/EPEC.2017.8286235 – ident: ref122 doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-44544-7 – ident: ref59 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2020.3039984 – ident: ref13 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2013.2278868 – start-page: 8885 year: 2017 ident: ref73 article-title: Convex relaxation of OPF in multiphase radial networks with delta connection publication-title: Proc Bulk Power Syst Dyn Control Symp – ident: ref10 doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.136 – ident: ref2 doi: 10.2172/1483067 – ident: ref116 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2019.2911996 – ident: ref68 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2019.2957799 – ident: ref4 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2019.2919601 – year: 2018 ident: ref17 article-title: Transmission and distribution interface 2.0 (TDI)-Bid document to Ofgem – ident: ref111 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2016.2532467 – year: 2020 ident: ref40 publication-title: A New Day For Distributed Energy Resources – ident: ref26 doi: 10.5547/2160-5890.6.1.iper – ident: ref42 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2332540 – ident: ref146 doi: 10.1109/ICRERA.2015.7418705 – ident: ref64 doi: 10.1109/JSYST.2020.2997189 – ident: ref35 doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.106884 – ident: ref136 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2019.2955852 – ident: ref159 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2019.2895527 – ident: ref45 doi: 10.1093/oxrep/grx041 – ident: ref90 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2901249 – ident: ref58 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2020.2980538 – ident: ref24 doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.06.054 – ident: ref120 doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2949097 – ident: ref145 doi: 10.1109/TII.2018.2807396 – year: 2021 ident: ref154 publication-title: Flex Alert Extended Through Tomorrow Due to Widespread Heat in West – ident: ref127 doi: 10.1007/BF00934554 – ident: ref7 doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112683 – year: 2022 ident: ref25 publication-title: P2P-SmartTest – ident: ref63 doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.086 – ident: ref30 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2016.2594814 – ident: ref89 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2016.2595621 – ident: ref152 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2016.2605921 – ident: ref76 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2255317 – ident: ref133 doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.017 – ident: ref153 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2020.3010260 – volume: 34 start-page: 4081 year: 2019 ident: ref15 article-title: Local energy markets: Paving the path toward fully transactive energy systems publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2833959 – ident: ref37 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2017.2673860 – ident: ref11 doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114387 – ident: ref101 doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.089 – ident: ref85 doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2016.2520758 – ident: ref70 doi: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2017.00240 – ident: ref155 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2021.3061282 – ident: ref75 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2006.879234 – ident: ref38 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2916144 – ident: ref117 doi: 10.1115/1.1582501 – ident: ref50 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2020.2969657 – year: 2022 ident: ref150 article-title: Profit-oriented BESS siting and sizing in deregulated distribution systems publication-title: IEEE Trans Smart Grid – ident: ref158 doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2862149 – ident: ref29 doi: 10.1109/TSG.2012.2192298 – ident: ref95 doi: 10.23919/ACC.2017.7963150
SSID	ssj0003563
Score	2.5749393
Snippet	Traditionally, the electric distribution system operates with uniform energy prices across all system nodes. However, as the adoption of distributed energy...
SourceID	proquest crossref ieee
SourceType	Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher
StartPage	725
SubjectTerms	AC machines Active distribution network (ADN) Active distribution networks alternating current optimal power flow (ACOPF) centralized Clearing convexification; demand response (DR) Costs Current distribution direct current optimal power flow (DCOPF) distributed and decentralized solution methods distributed energy resource (DER) Distributed generation Distributed power generation distribution locational marginal price (DLMP) Distribution networks distribution system operator (DSO) distribution-level electricity market Electric power distribution Electricity supply industry Energy sources Generators linearization microgrid (MG) Optimal control peer-to-peer (P2P) trading Peer-to-peer computing Power distribution networks Power markets Pricing State-of-the-art reviews Voltage
Title	DLMP of Competitive Markets in Active Distribution Networks: Models, Solutions, Applications, and Visions
URI	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9795179 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2836050994
Volume	111
WOSCitedRecordID	wos000829067000001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVIEE databaseName: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) customDbUrl: eissn: 1558-2256 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0003563 issn: 0018-9219 databaseCode: RIE dateStart: 19630101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ providerName: IEEE
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1LS8QwEB5UPOjBt7i6Sg7e3GrTPNp4W1YXEV0XUfFW0jxgQbpiV3-_SdotC4rgrdAESr_MZCaZbz6AU2olpjYzkds8eESpyKICUxalWFmSyoIyq4PYRDoaZa-vYrwEvZYLY4wJxWfm3D-Gu3w9VZ_-qOxCpMJ3lFqG5TTlNVer9bqENapp2BmwM8M5QSYWF7fjx4eBSwWTxGWoLpr0Fc8Lm1BQVfnhisP-Mtz835dtwUYTR6J-Dfw2LJlyB9YXugvuwuTq7n6MphYNQmwcioTQfWA5V2hSon5wdejKt85tVK_QqK4Kry6RF0l7q3qoPTfrof7CZXcPyVKjl8BMr_bgeXj9NLiJGmWFSBEiZhGXQjMrWSYTiXmcSK4YtQnT1nAsdSGYJgVTNqGFItJmscSpKahSWhQuZovJPqyU09IcADKMcMmtIFJlVCRx4RI4i3WccuveCNUBPP_VuWrajnv1i7c8pB-xyAM8uYcnb-DpwFk7571uuvHn6F0PSDuywaID3TmieWOXVZ54zoqLkQQ9_H3WEax5Qfm6ILcLK7OPT3MMq-prNqk-TsKS-wagH9QC
linkProvider	IEEE
linkToHtml	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1LT-MwEB6xgLRwAHYBbZeXD3vbhsavJN5bVUA82lKtWMQtcvyQKqEUkbK_H9tJo0ogJG6RYktRPs94xp5vPoBfzErMbGYit3kkEWMiiwrMeJRiZWkqC8atDmIT6XicPTyIyQp0Wy6MMSYUn5lT_xju8vVMvfijsp5Ihe8o9QXWOGMkrtlard-lvNFNw86EnSEuKDKx6F1P_t4OXDJIiMtRXTzpa56XtqGgq_LGGYcd5mL7c9-2A1tNJIn6NfTfYMWU32Fzqb_gLkzPhqMJmlk0CNFxKBNCo8BzrtC0RP3g7NCZb57b6F6hcV0XXv1BXibtseqi9uSsi_pL191dJEuN7gM3vdqDfxfnd4PLqNFWiBSlYh4lUmhuJc8kkTiJiUwUZ5ZwbU2CpS4E17TgyhJWKCptFkucmoIppUXhoraY7sNqOSvND0CG00QmVlCpMiZIXLgUzmIdp4l1b4TqAF786lw1jce9_sVjHhKQWOQBntzDkzfwdOB3O-epbrvx4ehdD0g7ssGiA4cLRPPGMquceNaKi5IE-_n-rBP4enk3GubDq_HNAWx4efm6PPcQVufPL-YI1tX_-bR6Pg7L7xXOm9dJ
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=DLMP+of+Competitive+Markets+in+Active+Distribution+Networks%3A+Models%2C+Solutions%2C+Applications%2C+and+Visions&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+IEEE&rft.au=Wang%2C+Xiaofei&rft.au=Li%2C+Fangxing&rft.au=Bai%2C+Linquan&rft.au=Fang%2C+Xin&rft.date=2023-07-01&rft.pub=The+Institute+of+Electrical+and+Electronics+Engineers%2C+Inc.+%28IEEE%29&rft.issn=0018-9219&rft.eissn=1558-2256&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=725&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FJPROC.2022.3177230&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0018-9219&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0018-9219&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0018-9219&client=summon