Tamm Review: Postfire landscape management in frequent-fire conifer forests of the southwestern United States
•Recently-burned area in southwestern US forests is increasing.•Landscape context, values, and future trajectories of change can inform management.•Postfire forest patches can be managed for resilience to future fires.•Novel reforestation practices may help adapt to future climate and fire in some a...
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| Vydané v: | Forest ecology and management Ročník 502; s. 119678 |
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| Hlavní autori: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
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Elsevier B.V
15.12.2021
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| ISSN: | 0378-1127, 1872-7042 |
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| Abstract | •Recently-burned area in southwestern US forests is increasing.•Landscape context, values, and future trajectories of change can inform management.•Postfire forest patches can be managed for resilience to future fires.•Novel reforestation practices may help adapt to future climate and fire in some areas.
The increasing incidence of wildfires across the southwestern United States (US) is altering the contemporary forest management template within historically frequent-fire conifer forests. An increasing fraction of southwestern conifer forests have recently burned, and many of these burned landscapes contain complex mosaics of surviving forest and severely burned patches without surviving conifer trees. These heterogeneous burned landscapes present unique social and ecological challenges. Severely burned patches can present numerous barriers to successful conifer regeneration, and often contain heavy downed fuels which have cascading effects on future fire behavior and conifer regeneration. Conversely, surviving forest patches are increasingly recognized for their value in postfire reforestation but often are overlooked from a management perspective.
Here we present a decision-making framework for landscape-scale management of complex postfire landscapes that allows for adaptation to a warming climate and future fire. We focus specifically on historically frequent-fire forests of the southwestern US but make connections to other forest types and other regions. Our framework depends on a spatially-explicit assessment of the mosaic of conifer forest and severely burned patches in the postfire landscape, evaluates likely vegetation trajectories, and identifies critical decision points to direct vegetation change via manipulations of fuels and live vegetation. This framework includes detailed considerations for postfire fuels management (e.g., edge hardening within live forest patches and repeat burning) and for reforestation (e.g., balancing tradeoffs between intensive and extensive planting strategies, establishing patches of seed trees, spatial planning to optimize reforestation success, and improving nursery capacity). In a future of increasing fire activity in forests where repeated low- to moderate-severity fire is essential to ecosystem resilience, the decision-making framework developed here can easily be integrated with existing postfire management strategies to optimize allocation of limited resources and more actively manage burned landscapes. |
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| AbstractList | The increasing incidence of wildfires across the southwestern United States (US) is altering the contemporary forest management template within historically frequent-fire conifer forests. An increasing fraction of southwestern conifer forests have recently burned, and many of these burned landscapes contain complex mosaics of surviving forest and severely burned patches without surviving conifer trees. These heterogeneous burned landscapes present unique social and ecological challenges. Severely burned patches can present numerous barriers to successful conifer regeneration, and often contain heavy downed fuels which have cascading effects on future fire behavior and conifer regeneration. Conversely, surviving forest patches are increasingly recognized for their value in postfire reforestation but often are overlooked from a management perspective.Here we present a decision-making framework for landscape-scale management of complex postfire landscapes that allows for adaptation to a warming climate and future fire. We focus specifically on historically frequent-fire forests of the southwestern US but make connections to other forest types and other regions. Our framework depends on a spatially-explicit assessment of the mosaic of conifer forest and severely burned patches in the postfire landscape, evaluates likely vegetation trajectories, and identifies critical decision points to direct vegetation change via manipulations of fuels and live vegetation. This framework includes detailed considerations for postfire fuels management (e.g., edge hardening within live forest patches and repeat burning) and for reforestation (e.g., balancing tradeoffs between intensive and extensive planting strategies, establishing patches of seed trees, spatial planning to optimize reforestation success, and improving nursery capacity). In a future of increasing fire activity in forests where repeated low- to moderate-severity fire is essential to ecosystem resilience, the decision-making framework developed here can easily be integrated with existing postfire management strategies to optimize allocation of limited resources and more actively manage burned landscapes. •Recently-burned area in southwestern US forests is increasing.•Landscape context, values, and future trajectories of change can inform management.•Postfire forest patches can be managed for resilience to future fires.•Novel reforestation practices may help adapt to future climate and fire in some areas. The increasing incidence of wildfires across the southwestern United States (US) is altering the contemporary forest management template within historically frequent-fire conifer forests. An increasing fraction of southwestern conifer forests have recently burned, and many of these burned landscapes contain complex mosaics of surviving forest and severely burned patches without surviving conifer trees. These heterogeneous burned landscapes present unique social and ecological challenges. Severely burned patches can present numerous barriers to successful conifer regeneration, and often contain heavy downed fuels which have cascading effects on future fire behavior and conifer regeneration. Conversely, surviving forest patches are increasingly recognized for their value in postfire reforestation but often are overlooked from a management perspective. Here we present a decision-making framework for landscape-scale management of complex postfire landscapes that allows for adaptation to a warming climate and future fire. We focus specifically on historically frequent-fire forests of the southwestern US but make connections to other forest types and other regions. Our framework depends on a spatially-explicit assessment of the mosaic of conifer forest and severely burned patches in the postfire landscape, evaluates likely vegetation trajectories, and identifies critical decision points to direct vegetation change via manipulations of fuels and live vegetation. This framework includes detailed considerations for postfire fuels management (e.g., edge hardening within live forest patches and repeat burning) and for reforestation (e.g., balancing tradeoffs between intensive and extensive planting strategies, establishing patches of seed trees, spatial planning to optimize reforestation success, and improving nursery capacity). In a future of increasing fire activity in forests where repeated low- to moderate-severity fire is essential to ecosystem resilience, the decision-making framework developed here can easily be integrated with existing postfire management strategies to optimize allocation of limited resources and more actively manage burned landscapes. |
| ArticleNumber | 119678 |
| Author | Walker, Jessica J. Haffey, Collin M. Thode, Andrea E. Marks, Christopher Burney, Owen T. Chapman, Teresa B. Stevens, Jens T. Carril, Dennis Coop, Jonathan D. Haire, Sandra L. Hurteau, Matthew D. Rodman, Kyle C. Allen, Craig D. Fornwalt, Paula J. Iniguez, Jose M. Chambers, Marin E. Marshall, Laura A.E. Yocom, Larissa Stevens-Rumann, Camille S. Margolis, Ellis Q. Bradley, Anne |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jens T. surname: Stevens fullname: Stevens, Jens T. email: jens.stevens@usda.gov organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, New Mexico Landscapes Field Station, Santa Fe, NM, United States – sequence: 2 givenname: Collin M. surname: Haffey fullname: Haffey, Collin M. organization: The Nature Conservancy in New Mexico, Santa Fe, NM, United States – sequence: 3 givenname: Jonathan D. surname: Coop fullname: Coop, Jonathan D. organization: School of Environment and Sustainability, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, United States – sequence: 4 givenname: Paula J. surname: Fornwalt fullname: Fornwalt, Paula J. organization: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, United States – sequence: 5 givenname: Larissa surname: Yocom fullname: Yocom, Larissa organization: Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States – sequence: 6 givenname: Craig D. surname: Allen fullname: Allen, Craig D. organization: Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States – sequence: 7 givenname: Anne surname: Bradley fullname: Bradley, Anne organization: The Nature Conservancy in New Mexico, Santa Fe, NM, United States – sequence: 8 givenname: Owen T. surname: Burney fullname: Burney, Owen T. organization: John T Harrington Forestry Research Center, New Mexico State University, Mora, NM, United States – sequence: 9 givenname: Dennis surname: Carril fullname: Carril, Dennis organization: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Santa Fe National Forest, Santa Fe, NM, United States – sequence: 10 givenname: Marin E. surname: Chambers fullname: Chambers, Marin E. organization: Colorado Forest Restoration Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States – sequence: 11 givenname: Teresa B. surname: Chapman fullname: Chapman, Teresa B. organization: The Nature Conservancy in Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States – sequence: 12 givenname: Sandra L. surname: Haire fullname: Haire, Sandra L. organization: Haire Laboratory for Landscape Ecology, Belfast, ME, United States – sequence: 13 givenname: Matthew D. surname: Hurteau fullname: Hurteau, Matthew D. organization: Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States – sequence: 14 givenname: Jose M. surname: Iniguez fullname: Iniguez, Jose M. organization: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ, United States – sequence: 15 givenname: Ellis Q. surname: Margolis fullname: Margolis, Ellis Q. organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, New Mexico Landscapes Field Station, Santa Fe, NM, United States – sequence: 16 givenname: Christopher surname: Marks fullname: Marks, Christopher organization: National Park Service, Grand Canyon National Park, AZ, United States – sequence: 17 givenname: Laura A.E. surname: Marshall fullname: Marshall, Laura A.E. organization: Forest & Rangeland Stewardship Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States – sequence: 18 givenname: Kyle C. surname: Rodman fullname: Rodman, Kyle C. organization: Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States – sequence: 19 givenname: Camille S. surname: Stevens-Rumann fullname: Stevens-Rumann, Camille S. organization: Colorado Forest Restoration Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States – sequence: 20 givenname: Andrea E. surname: Thode fullname: Thode, Andrea E. organization: School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States – sequence: 21 givenname: Jessica J. surname: Walker fullname: Walker, Jessica J. organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Western Geographic Science Center, Tucson, AZ, United States |
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| Snippet | •Recently-burned area in southwestern US forests is increasing.•Landscape context, values, and future trajectories of change can inform management.•Postfire... The increasing incidence of wildfires across the southwestern United States (US) is altering the contemporary forest management template within historically... |
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| SubjectTerms | climate coniferous forests conifers decision making ecological resilience fire behavior forest ecology Forests Fuel Landscape landscape management landscapes Ponderosa pine Postfire Reforestation Southwestern United States |
| Title | Tamm Review: Postfire landscape management in frequent-fire conifer forests of the southwestern United States |
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