A neurodynamic approach for solving portfolio optimisation problem in high-frequency trading based on charnes-chooper transformation
This study addresses real-time portfolio optimisation in high-frequency trading by formulating it as a single-ratio fractional programming problem. By utilising the Charnes-Cooper transformation, we convert fractional programming into non-fractional programming. Subsequently, we introduce a projecti...
Saved in:
| Published in: | International journal of systems science Vol. 56; no. 7; pp. 1561 - 1576 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London
Taylor & Francis
19.05.2025
Taylor & Francis Ltd |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 0020-7721, 1464-5319 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | This study addresses real-time portfolio optimisation in high-frequency trading by formulating it as a single-ratio fractional programming problem. By utilising the Charnes-Cooper transformation, we convert fractional programming into non-fractional programming. Subsequently, we introduce a projection neural network to solve this non-fractional programming efficiently. Theoretical analysis substantiates that our neural network model exhibits exponential convergence to the optimal solution of the problem, underpinning its efficacy. The numerical simulations validate the reliability and efficiency of the obtained results. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | This study addresses real-time portfolio optimisation in high-frequency trading by formulating it as a single-ratio fractional programming problem. By utilising the Charnes-Cooper transformation, we convert fractional programming into non-fractional programming. Subsequently, we introduce a projection neural network to solve this non-fractional programming efficiently. Theoretical analysis substantiates that our neural network model exhibits exponential convergence to the optimal solution of the problem, underpinning its efficacy. The numerical simulations validate the reliability and efficiency of the obtained results. |
| Author | Chen, Jia Zhu, Wenli Hu, Jin |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Wenli surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Wenli organization: Southwest University of Finance and Economics – sequence: 2 givenname: Jia surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Jia organization: Southwest University – sequence: 3 givenname: Jin surname: Hu fullname: Hu, Jin email: jhu@cqjtu.edu.cn organization: Chongqing Jiaotong University |
| BookMark | eNqFkD1v2zAQhokiBeq4_QkFCHSWyy9RMrrEMJI2QIAu7UxQ1NGiIZEKKSfwnh8eynaXDOl0y_O-d_dcoysfPCD0lZIVJTX5TggjVcXoihEmVkywuhbiA1pQIUVRcrq-QouZKWboE7pOaU8IKUtGFuhlgz0cYmiPXg_OYD2OMWjTYRsiTqF_cn6HxxAnG3oXcBgnN7ikJxc8zmTTw4Cdx53bdYWN8HgAb454irqdg41O0OKMmk5HD6kwXQgjxBnwKa8YTk2f0Uer-wRfLnOJ_t7d_tn-Kh5-_7zfbh4Kw3k9FTVlhFvLLYCpueGNoJSIxnANmsm2lABUalEKWpaGAGVNVcmqlWtLJQEOfIm-nXvz5fnSNKl9OESfVypOa1FLWVGRqfJMmRhSimDVGN2g41FRombh6p9wNQtXF-E59-NNzrjp9F_-1vX_Td-c086fvDyH2Ldq0sc-RJttGTcf-W7FKwbqnmY |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1080_00207721_2025_2477203 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_conengprac_2025_106288 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.neunet.2013.11.007 10.1109/31.1783 10.1016/j.neunet.2011.09.001 10.1016/j.neunet.2021.10.007 10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2140395 10.1016/j.neunet.2004.05.006 10.1016/S0305-0548(99)00059-3 10.1016/j.eswa.2023.120934 10.1162/089976604322860730 10.1109/TNN.2006.879774 10.1137/S1052623499361233 10.3905/jpm.1994.409501 10.1016/j.neucom.2020.12.045 10.1287/opre.24.3.452 10.1007/s11432-020-2894-9 10.1109/TETCI.2024.3369667 10.1016/j.neucom.2020.04.023 10.1287/mnsc.22.8.858 10.1016/j.neunet.2022.06.023 10.1109/TSMCB.2012.2198812 10.1007/s11063-019-10086-w 10.1016/j.neunet.2022.03.011 10.1016/0893-6080(94)90041-8 10.1109/TNNLS.2023.3307192 10.1007/BF00935552 10.1002/nav.3800090303 10.1109/TNNLS.2023.3311169 10.1109/81.995659 10.1287/mnsc.30.10.1143 10.1109/TNN.2011.2169682 10.1016/j.cor.2009.12.003 10.2307/2975974 10.1109/TCS.1986.1085953 10.3390/biomimetics7030124 10.1109/TNNLS.2017.2652478 10.1007/978-3-642-45780-7_7 10.1215/S0012-7094-43-01059-2 10.1109/TCYB.2021.3088884 10.1109/TNNLS.2013.2244908 10.1016/j.eswa.2022.116631 10.1109/TNNLS.2016.2549566 10.1109/TSMC.2023.3288224 10.1109/82.160169 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1976.tb03217.x 10.1086/294846 10.1007/s10107990015a 10.1007/s10957-005-2669-y 10.1007/11759966_55 10.1007/BF02026600 10.1109/ISCAS.2011.5937759 10.1016/j.amc.2022.127700 10.1007/s10614-022-10303-0 10.1109/72.548188 10.1109/TNN.2004.824252 10.1109/TSMCB.2007.903706 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group 2024 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group 2024 – notice: 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 7SC 8FD JQ2 L7M L~C L~D |
| DOI | 10.1080/00207721.2024.2428844 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Technology Research Database ProQuest Computer Science Collection Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Technology Research Database Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace ProQuest Computer Science Collection Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional |
| DatabaseTitleList | Computer and Information Systems Abstracts |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| EISSN | 1464-5319 |
| EndPage | 1576 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1080_00207721_2024_2428844 2428844 |
| Genre | Research Article |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Joint Training Base Construction Project for Graduate Students in Chongqing grantid: JDLHPYJD2021016 – fundername: National Natural Science Foundation of China grantid: 62276034 – fundername: Group Building Scientific Innovation Project for universities grantid: CXQT21021 |
| GroupedDBID | -~X .7F .DC .QJ 0BK 0R~ 29J 30N 4.4 5GY 5VS 8VB AAENE AAGDL AAHIA AAJMT AALDU AAMIU AAPUL AAQRR ABCCY ABFIM ABHAV ABJNI ABLIJ ABPAQ ABPEM ABTAI ABXUL ABXYU ACGEJ ACGFS ACNCT ACTIO ADCVX ADGTB ADXPE AEISY AENEX AEOZL AEPSL AEYOC AFKVX AFRVT AGDLA AGMYJ AHDZW AIJEM AIYEW AJWEG AKBVH AKOOK ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALQZU AQRUH AQTUD AVBZW AWYRJ BLEHA CCCUG CE4 CS3 DGEBU DKSSO DU5 EBS E~A E~B F5P GTTXZ H13 HF~ HZ~ H~P IPNFZ J.P KYCEM LJTGL M4Z MS~ NA5 NX~ O9- P2P QWB RIG RNANH ROSJB RTWRZ S-T SNACF TASJS TBQAZ TDBHL TEN TFL TFT TFW TNC TTHFI TUROJ TWF UT5 UU3 ZGOLN ZL0 ~02 ~S~ AAYXX CITATION 7SC 8FD JQ2 L7M L~C L~D |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c338t-81203ff3feec83c3b41104bc3aea26d56ee16a454155c0e12b7767d69f160e3e3 |
| IEDL.DBID | TFW |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 0 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001358529200001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 0020-7721 |
| IngestDate | Wed Aug 13 11:31:20 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 08:06:36 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:16:39 EST 2025 Mon Oct 20 23:45:25 EDT 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 7 |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c338t-81203ff3feec83c3b41104bc3aea26d56ee16a454155c0e12b7767d69f160e3e3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
| PQID | 3184866714 |
| PQPubID | 2045514 |
| PageCount | 16 |
| ParticipantIDs | informaworld_taylorfrancis_310_1080_00207721_2024_2428844 crossref_citationtrail_10_1080_00207721_2024_2428844 proquest_journals_3184866714 crossref_primary_10_1080_00207721_2024_2428844 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2025-05-19 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2025-05-19 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 05 year: 2025 text: 2025-05-19 day: 19 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | London |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: London |
| PublicationTitle | International journal of systems science |
| PublicationYear | 2025 |
| Publisher | Taylor & Francis Taylor & Francis Ltd |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Taylor & Francis – name: Taylor & Francis Ltd |
| References | e_1_3_3_52_1 e_1_3_3_50_1 e_1_3_3_18_1 e_1_3_3_39_1 e_1_3_3_14_1 e_1_3_3_37_1 e_1_3_3_16_1 e_1_3_3_35_1 e_1_3_3_10_1 e_1_3_3_33_1 e_1_3_3_56_1 e_1_3_3_12_1 e_1_3_3_31_1 e_1_3_3_54_1 Bellman R. (e_1_3_3_2_1) 1943; 10 e_1_3_3_40_1 e_1_3_3_7_1 e_1_3_3_9_1 e_1_3_3_29_1 Kinderlehrer D. (e_1_3_3_25_1) 1980 e_1_3_3_48_1 e_1_3_3_27_1 e_1_3_3_46_1 e_1_3_3_3_1 e_1_3_3_21_1 e_1_3_3_44_1 e_1_3_3_5_1 e_1_3_3_23_1 e_1_3_3_42_1 e_1_3_3_30_1 e_1_3_3_51_1 e_1_3_3_17_1 e_1_3_3_19_1 e_1_3_3_13_1 e_1_3_3_38_1 e_1_3_3_15_1 e_1_3_3_36_1 e_1_3_3_57_1 e_1_3_3_34_1 e_1_3_3_55_1 e_1_3_3_11_1 e_1_3_3_32_1 e_1_3_3_53_1 e_1_3_3_41_1 e_1_3_3_6_1 e_1_3_3_8_1 e_1_3_3_28_1 e_1_3_3_24_1 e_1_3_3_49_1 e_1_3_3_26_1 e_1_3_3_47_1 e_1_3_3_20_1 e_1_3_3_45_1 e_1_3_3_4_1 e_1_3_3_22_1 e_1_3_3_43_1 |
| References_xml | – ident: e_1_3_3_30_1 doi: 10.1016/j.neunet.2013.11.007 – ident: e_1_3_3_20_1 doi: 10.1109/31.1783 – ident: e_1_3_3_32_1 doi: 10.1016/j.neunet.2011.09.001 – ident: e_1_3_3_26_1 doi: 10.1016/j.neunet.2021.10.007 – ident: e_1_3_3_33_1 doi: 10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2140395 – ident: e_1_3_3_50_1 doi: 10.1016/j.neunet.2004.05.006 – ident: e_1_3_3_53_1 doi: 10.1016/S0305-0548(99)00059-3 – ident: e_1_3_3_3_1 doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2023.120934 – ident: e_1_3_3_49_1 doi: 10.1162/089976604322860730 – ident: e_1_3_3_15_1 doi: 10.1109/TNN.2006.879774 – ident: e_1_3_3_42_1 doi: 10.1137/S1052623499361233 – ident: e_1_3_3_44_1 doi: 10.3905/jpm.1994.409501 – ident: e_1_3_3_29_1 doi: 10.1016/j.neucom.2020.12.045 – ident: e_1_3_3_40_1 doi: 10.1287/opre.24.3.452 – ident: e_1_3_3_23_1 doi: 10.1007/s11432-020-2894-9 – ident: e_1_3_3_52_1 doi: 10.1109/TETCI.2024.3369667 – ident: e_1_3_3_18_1 doi: 10.1016/j.neucom.2020.04.023 – ident: e_1_3_3_41_1 doi: 10.1287/mnsc.22.8.858 – ident: e_1_3_3_27_1 doi: 10.1016/j.neunet.2022.06.023 – ident: e_1_3_3_31_1 doi: 10.1109/TSMCB.2012.2198812 – ident: e_1_3_3_17_1 doi: 10.1007/s11063-019-10086-w – ident: e_1_3_3_57_1 doi: 10.1016/j.neunet.2022.03.011 – ident: e_1_3_3_47_1 doi: 10.1016/0893-6080(94)90041-8 – ident: e_1_3_3_5_1 doi: 10.1109/TNNLS.2023.3307192 – ident: e_1_3_3_45_1 doi: 10.1007/BF00935552 – ident: e_1_3_3_7_1 doi: 10.1002/nav.3800090303 – ident: e_1_3_3_6_1 doi: 10.1109/TNNLS.2023.3311169 – ident: e_1_3_3_51_1 doi: 10.1109/81.995659 – ident: e_1_3_3_38_1 doi: 10.1287/mnsc.30.10.1143 – ident: e_1_3_3_14_1 doi: 10.1109/TNN.2011.2169682 – ident: e_1_3_3_9_1 doi: 10.1016/j.cor.2009.12.003 – ident: e_1_3_3_37_1 doi: 10.2307/2975974 – ident: e_1_3_3_46_1 doi: 10.1109/TCS.1986.1085953 – ident: e_1_3_3_24_1 doi: 10.3390/biomimetics7030124 – ident: e_1_3_3_55_1 doi: 10.1109/TNNLS.2017.2652478 – ident: e_1_3_3_13_1 doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-45780-7_7 – volume: 10 start-page: 643 year: 1943 ident: e_1_3_3_2_1 article-title: The stability of solutions of linear differential equations publication-title: Duke Mathematical Journal doi: 10.1215/S0012-7094-43-01059-2 – ident: e_1_3_3_28_1 doi: 10.1109/TCYB.2021.3088884 – ident: e_1_3_3_35_1 doi: 10.1109/TNNLS.2013.2244908 – ident: e_1_3_3_21_1 doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2022.116631 – ident: e_1_3_3_36_1 doi: 10.1109/TNNLS.2016.2549566 – volume-title: An introduction to variational inequalities and their applications year: 1980 ident: e_1_3_3_25_1 – ident: e_1_3_3_4_1 doi: 10.1109/TSMC.2023.3288224 – ident: e_1_3_3_56_1 doi: 10.1109/82.160169 – ident: e_1_3_3_10_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1976.tb03217.x – ident: e_1_3_3_43_1 doi: 10.1086/294846 – ident: e_1_3_3_11_1 doi: 10.1007/s10107990015a – ident: e_1_3_3_8_1 doi: 10.1007/s10957-005-2669-y – ident: e_1_3_3_12_1 doi: 10.1007/11759966_55 – ident: e_1_3_3_39_1 doi: 10.1007/BF02026600 – ident: e_1_3_3_34_1 doi: 10.1109/ISCAS.2011.5937759 – ident: e_1_3_3_19_1 doi: 10.1016/j.amc.2022.127700 – ident: e_1_3_3_22_1 doi: 10.1007/s10614-022-10303-0 – ident: e_1_3_3_48_1 doi: 10.1109/72.548188 – ident: e_1_3_3_54_1 doi: 10.1109/TNN.2004.824252 – ident: e_1_3_3_16_1 doi: 10.1109/TSMCB.2007.903706 |
| SSID | ssj0005520 |
| Score | 2.4012563 |
| Snippet | This study addresses real-time portfolio optimisation in high-frequency trading by formulating it as a single-ratio fractional programming problem. By... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref informaworld |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 1561 |
| SubjectTerms | Charnes-Cooper transformation Mathematical programming Neural networks neurodynamic optimisation Optimization Portfolio optimisation Real time Systems science |
| Title | A neurodynamic approach for solving portfolio optimisation problem in high-frequency trading based on charnes-chooper transformation |
| URI | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00207721.2024.2428844 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3184866714 |
| Volume | 56 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos001358529200001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAWR databaseName: Taylor & Francis Online Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 1464-5319 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0005520 issn: 0020-7721 databaseCode: TFW dateStart: 19701001 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.tandfonline.com providerName: Taylor & Francis |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrZ3NS8MwFMCDDA968FucTsnBa0ebZGl7HOLwIMPDxN1Kmw8YzHZ0VfDuH-57bTo3RHbQe14Iecn7CC-_R8itVgE3YRx4oeGZJ0IfH5p46GkRg07SUKe6pus_huNxNJ3GT66acOnKKjGHtg0oorbVeLnTbNlWxOEPbh-CQszumOiDj4kigURQcP14NSejl-8ij4EDM0KShCLtH57fZtnwThvs0h-2unZAo8N_WPoROXDRJx02x-WY7Jj8hOyvMQlPyeeQ1oxL3bSqpy10nMIiKRxUfICgGLTbYj4raAEm59WVBFHXnYbOcooYZM-WTaH2B63KulafotPUFIbiby-wsh5CQBemxAGrALrIz8jz6H5y9-C5Vg2eghy3Av0yn1vLrTEq4opnAsIKkSmempRJPZDGBDIVAwxflG8CliFFSMvYBtI33PBz0smL3FwQyoSCGMvPlGRKDDi4T2bjSPpCMQHGWHaJaFWUKMcxx3Ya8yRY4U6bTU5wkxO3yV3SX4ktGpDHNoF4Xf9JVb-g2KbdScK3yPbaw5I4m4AikYikDANx-Yepr8gewxbECJCNe6RTlW_mmuyq92q2LG_q0_8FwN8A7Q |
| linkProvider | Taylor & Francis |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3fS8MwEA46BfXB3-J0ah587WiTNG0fhzgU554m7i20aQKD2Y5aBd_9w8216dwQ2YO-50JILnffHXffIXSdSo-qIPKcQNHEYYELiSYaOCmLzJvEQRqnFbv-IBgOw_E4WuyFgbJKiKF1TRRR2Wr43JCMbkrioIXbNagQwjvCusbJhCFj62jDN74W-PNH_efvMg_fUjOaMAlkmi6e37ZZ8k9L7KU_rHXlgvp7_3H4fbRrASju1RpzgNZUdoh2FmgJj9BnD1c0l2k9rR43vOPYnBIbXYUcBAbcrvPpJMe5sTovtioI2wE1eJJhYEJ2dFHXan_gsqjK9TH4zRSbpdDwZQytAzygM1XAgjmGzrNj9NS_Hd3cOXZagyNNmFuaJyYu1ZpqpWRIJU2YQRYskTRWMeGpz5XyeMx8QDDSVR5JgEgo5ZH2uKuooieoleWZOkWYMGlglptITiTzqfGgREchd5kkzNhj3kaseSMhLZU5TNSYCm_OeFpfsoBLFvaS26g7F5vVXB6rBKJFBRBllUTR9cQTQVfIdhptEdYsgEjIQs4Dj539YesrtHU3ehyIwf3w4RxtE5hIDHyyUQe1yuJNXaBN-V5OXovL6it8AQRhBRc |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3dS8MwEA86RfTBb3E6NQ--drRJlraPQx2KY-xh4t5Kmw8YzHZ0VfDdP9xcm06HyB70PRfC3eXud-HyO4SupfCo8kPP8RVNHOa78NBEfUey0Ngk9mUsS3b9vj8YBONxOLTdhHPbVgk1tK6IIspYDZd7JnXdEQc_uF0DCqG6I6xtckwQMLaONgx05uDko97zV5dHxzIzmioJZOpPPL9ts5SelshLfwTrMgP19v7h7Pto18JP3K385QCtqfQQ7XwjJTxCH11cklzKalY9rlnHsTkkNp4KLxAYULvOppMMZybmvNieIGzH0-BJioEH2dF51an9jou8bNbHkDUlNkvhu5cJsw6wgM5UDgsWCDpLj9FT7250c-_YWQ2OMEVuYQxMXKo11UqJgAqaMIMrWCJorGLCZYcr5fGYdQC_CFd5JAEaIclD7XFXUUVPUCPNUnWKMGHCgCw3EZwI1qEmfxIdBtxlgjATjXkTsdpEkbBE5jBPYxp5C77TSskRKDmySm6i9kJsVjF5rBIIv9s_KsonFF3NO4noCtlW7SyRDQogErCAc99jZ3_Y-gptDW97Uf9h8HiOtgmMIwYy2bCFGkX-qi7QpngrJvP8srwIn-k6A8k |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+neurodynamic+approach+for+solving+portfolio+optimisation+problem+in+high-frequency+trading+based+on+charnes-chooper+transformation&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+systems+science&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Wenli&rft.au=Chen%2C+Jia&rft.au=Hu%2C+Jin&rft.date=2025-05-19&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis+Ltd&rft.issn=0020-7721&rft.eissn=1464-5319&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1561&rft.epage=1576&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F00207721.2024.2428844&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0020-7721&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0020-7721&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0020-7721&client=summon |