A GPU-accelerated adaptive kernel density estimation approach for efficient point pattern analysis on spatial big data

Kernel density estimation (KDE) is a classic approach for spatial point pattern analysis. In many applications, KDE with spatially adaptive bandwidths (adaptive KDE) is preferred over KDE with an invariant bandwidth (fixed KDE). However, bandwidths determination for adaptive KDE is extremely computa...

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Veröffentlicht in:International journal of geographical information science : IJGIS Jg. 31; H. 10; S. 2068 - 2097
Hauptverfasser: Zhang, Guiming, Zhu, A-Xing, Huang, Qunying
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Abingdon Taylor & Francis 03.10.2017
Taylor & Francis LLC
Schlagworte:
Adaptive algorithms
Adaptive kernel density estimation
Algorithms
Bandwidths
Big Data
Computer applications
Cores
Data management
Data mining
Data processing
Datasets
Fractals
GPU/CUDA
Graphics processing units
Multiprocessing
OpenMP
optimization
Pattern analysis
Shopping centers
Spatial analysis
spatial big data
ISSN:1365-8816, 1362-3087, 1365-8824
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Abstract Kernel density estimation (KDE) is a classic approach for spatial point pattern analysis. In many applications, KDE with spatially adaptive bandwidths (adaptive KDE) is preferred over KDE with an invariant bandwidth (fixed KDE). However, bandwidths determination for adaptive KDE is extremely computationally intensive, particularly for point pattern analysis tasks of large problem sizes. This computational challenge impedes the application of adaptive KDE to analyze large point data sets, which are common in this big data era. This article presents a graphics processing units (GPUs)-accelerated adaptive KDE algorithm for efficient spatial point pattern analysis on spatial big data. First, optimizations were designed to reduce the algorithmic complexity of the bandwidth determination algorithm for adaptive KDE. The massively parallel computing resources on GPU were then exploited to further speed up the optimized algorithm. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed optimizations effectively improved the performance by a factor of tens. Compared to the sequential algorithm and an Open Multiprocessing (OpenMP)-based algorithm leveraging multiple central processing unit cores for adaptive KDE, the GPU-enabled algorithm accelerated point pattern analysis tasks by a factor of hundreds and tens, respectively. Additionally, the GPU-accelerated adaptive KDE algorithm scales reasonably well while increasing the size of data sets. Given the significant acceleration brought by the GPU-enabled adaptive KDE algorithm, point pattern analysis with the adaptive KDE approach on large point data sets can be performed efficiently. Point pattern analysis on spatial big data, computationally prohibitive with the sequential algorithm, can be conducted routinely with the GPU-accelerated algorithm. The GPU-accelerated adaptive KDE approach contributes to the geospatial computational toolbox that facilitates geographic knowledge discovery from spatial big data.
AbstractList Kernel density estimation (KDE) is a classic approach for spatial point pattern analysis. In many applications, KDE with spatially adaptive bandwidths (adaptive KDE) is preferred over KDE with an invariant bandwidth (fixed KDE). However, bandwidths determination for adaptive KDE is extremely computationally intensive, particularly for point pattern analysis tasks of large problem sizes. This computational challenge impedes the application of adaptive KDE to analyze large point data sets, which are common in this big data era. This article presents a graphics processing units (GPUs)-accelerated adaptive KDE algorithm for efficient spatial point pattern analysis on spatial big data. First, optimizations were designed to reduce the algorithmic complexity of the bandwidth determination algorithm for adaptive KDE. The massively parallel computing resources on GPU were then exploited to further speed up the optimized algorithm. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed optimizations effectively improved the performance by a factor of tens. Compared to the sequential algorithm and an Open Multiprocessing (OpenMP)-based algorithm leveraging multiple central processing unit cores for adaptive KDE, the GPU-enabled algorithm accelerated point pattern analysis tasks by a factor of hundreds and tens, respectively. Additionally, the GPU-accelerated adaptive KDE algorithm scales reasonably well while increasing the size of data sets. Given the significant acceleration brought by the GPU-enabled adaptive KDE algorithm, point pattern analysis with the adaptive KDE approach on large point data sets can be performed efficiently. Point pattern analysis on spatial big data, computationally prohibitive with the sequential algorithm, can be conducted routinely with the GPU-accelerated algorithm. The GPU-accelerated adaptive KDE approach contributes to the geospatial computational toolbox that facilitates geographic knowledge discovery from spatial big data.
Author Huang, Qunying
Zhu, A-Xing
Zhang, Guiming
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  surname: Huang
  fullname: Huang, Qunying
  organization: Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Snippet Kernel density estimation (KDE) is a classic approach for spatial point pattern analysis. In many applications, KDE with spatially adaptive bandwidths...
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SubjectTerms Adaptive algorithms
Adaptive kernel density estimation
Algorithms
Bandwidths
Big Data
Computer applications
Cores
Data management
Data mining
Data processing
Datasets
Fractals
GPU/CUDA
Graphics processing units
Multiprocessing
OpenMP
optimization
Pattern analysis
Shopping centers
Spatial analysis
spatial big data
Title A GPU-accelerated adaptive kernel density estimation approach for efficient point pattern analysis on spatial big data
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