Influence of Serum Levels of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies, Age and Gender on Depression as Measured by the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale

The AIM of the present study was to explore the level of depression in the respondents using the Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS) and find a correlation with the levels of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and the anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO), the age and gender of the pa...

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Vydané v:	Folia medica (Plovdiv) Ročník 56; číslo 1; s. 24 - 31
Hlavní autori:	Shinkov, Alexander D., Borisova, Anna-Maria I., Kovacheva, Russanka D., Vlahov, Yordan D., Dakovska, Lilia N., Atanassova, Iliana D., Petkova, Polina L., Aslanova, Nina L., Vukov, Mircho I.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Bulgaria De Gruyter Open 01.01.2014 MEDICAL UNIVERSITY- PLOVDIV
Predmet:	Adult Age Factors Aged Aged, 80 and over Biomarkers - blood Body Height Body Weight Bulgaria - epidemiology depression Depression - blood Depression - epidemiology Female Humans hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism - blood Hypothyroidism - epidemiology Iodide Peroxidase - blood Male Middle Aged Prevalence Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Sex Factors thyroid dysfunction Thyrotropin - blood Zung SDS ZungSDS гипотиреоидизм депрессия тиреоидная дисфункция Bulgaria
ISSN:	0204-8043, 1314-2143
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Abstract	The AIM of the present study was to explore the level of depression in the respondents using the Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS) and find a correlation with the levels of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and the anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO), the age and gender of the participants. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 2401 subjects aged 20-84 yrs were included, 1344 of them female aged 48.7 ± 14.4 yrs and 1057 male, aged 46.5 ± 14.5 yrs (p < 0.001). All participants completed the Zung SDS questionnaire and a depressive score was calculated and interpreted as follows: less than 49 points - no depression, between 50 and 59 points - mild depression, between 60 and 69 points - moderate depression and more than 69 points - severe depression. Body height and weight were measured and serum TSH and Anti-TPO were determined. RESULTS: SDS was higher in the females (47.6 ± 9.7 vs. 41.7 ± 8.6, p < 0.001) and correlated with the subjects’ age (Spearman’s ρfemale = 0.447, p < 0.001, ρmale = 0.402, p < 0.001). Depression was more prevalent in the females (all p < 0.001) with hypothyroidism than in the euthyroid subjects (odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.15-2.80, p < 0.011). The odds ratio for depression was 3.47 (2.64-4.57) for the female gender and the risk of depression increased by 6% (5 - 7) with each added year of age. The anti-TPO, BMI and waist circumference did not influence the regression models. CONCLUSION: The depressive score was higher in the females and increased with age. Hypothyroidism determined a higher risk of depression in the females ЦЕЛЬ: Настоящее исследование ставит себе целью исследовть уровень депрессивности участников посредством вопросников самооценки Zung-а и найти связь с уровнями ТСГ и антитиреопероксидазных антител (анти-ТПО), с возрастом и полом участников. ПАЦИЕНТы И МЕТОДЫ: Включены 2401 человек в возрасте от 20 до 84 лет; 1344 женщины в возрасте 48.7 ± 14.4 г. и 1057 мужчин в возрасте 46.5 ± 14.5 г. (p < 0.001). Пополнен вопросник самооценки Zung-а. Интерпретация результатов следующая: до 49 очков - отсутствие депрессии, от 50 до 59 - легкая депрессия, от 60 до 69 - умеренная депрессия, свыше 70 - тяжелая. Измерены рост, масса тела, окружность талии и ТСГ и Анти-ТПО антитела. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Депрессивный скок оказался более высоким у женщин по сравнению с мужчинами (47.6 ± 9.7 - 41.7 ± 8.6, p < 0.001), и коррелировал с возрастом (Spearman’s ρж. = 0.447, p < 0.001, ρм. = 0.402, p < 0.001). Частотата депрессии более высокая у женщин (все p < 0.001) и более высокая у тех с гипертиреоидизмом по сравнению с женщинами с эутиреодизмом /отношение шансов 1.8, 95% ИД 1.15 - 2.80 р < 0.011/. Отношение шансов появления депрессии у женщин по сравнению с мужчинами 3.47 (2.64 - 4.57), а риск нарастает приблизительно на 6% (5 - 7) на каждый год увеличения возраста. Анти-ТПО, ИТМ и окружность талии не оказывают влияние в модели. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Депрессивность
AbstractList	The AIM of the present study was to explore the level of depression in the respondents using the Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS) and find a correlation with the levels of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and the anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO), the age and gender of the participants. 2401 subjects aged 20-84 yrs were included, 1344 of them female aged 48.7 +/- 14.4 yrs and 1057 male, aged 46.5 +/- 14.5 yrs (p < 0.001). All participants completed the Zung SDS questionnaire and a depressive score was calculated and interpreted as follows: less than 49 points--no depression, between 50 and 59 points--mild depression, between 60 and 69 points--moderate depression and more than 69 points-- severe depression. Body height and weight were measured and serum TSH and Anti-TPO were determined. SDS was higher in the females (47.6 +/- 9.7 vs. 41.7 +/- 8.6, p < 0.001) and correlated with the subjects' age (Spearman's rho(female) = 0.447, p < 0.001, P(male) = 0.402, p < 0.001). Depression was more prevalent in the females (all p < 0.001) with hypothyroidism than in the euthyroid subjects (odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.15-2.80, p < 0.011). The odds ratio for depression was 3.47 (2.64-4.57) for the female gender and the risk of depression increased by 6% (5 - 7) with each added year of age. The anti-TPO, BMI and waist circumference did not influence the regression models. The depressive score was higher in the females and increased with age. Hypothyroidism determined a higher risk of depression in the females. The AIM of the present study was to explore the level of depression in the respondents using the Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS) and find a correlation with the levels of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and the anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO), the age and gender of the participants.UNLABELLEDThe AIM of the present study was to explore the level of depression in the respondents using the Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS) and find a correlation with the levels of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and the anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO), the age and gender of the participants.2401 subjects aged 20-84 yrs were included, 1344 of them female aged 48.7 +/- 14.4 yrs and 1057 male, aged 46.5 +/- 14.5 yrs (p < 0.001). All participants completed the Zung SDS questionnaire and a depressive score was calculated and interpreted as follows: less than 49 points--no depression, between 50 and 59 points--mild depression, between 60 and 69 points--moderate depression and more than 69 points-- severe depression. Body height and weight were measured and serum TSH and Anti-TPO were determined.PATIENTS AND METHODS2401 subjects aged 20-84 yrs were included, 1344 of them female aged 48.7 +/- 14.4 yrs and 1057 male, aged 46.5 +/- 14.5 yrs (p < 0.001). All participants completed the Zung SDS questionnaire and a depressive score was calculated and interpreted as follows: less than 49 points--no depression, between 50 and 59 points--mild depression, between 60 and 69 points--moderate depression and more than 69 points-- severe depression. Body height and weight were measured and serum TSH and Anti-TPO were determined.SDS was higher in the females (47.6 +/- 9.7 vs. 41.7 +/- 8.6, p < 0.001) and correlated with the subjects' age (Spearman's rho(female) = 0.447, p < 0.001, P(male) = 0.402, p < 0.001). Depression was more prevalent in the females (all p < 0.001) with hypothyroidism than in the euthyroid subjects (odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.15-2.80, p < 0.011). The odds ratio for depression was 3.47 (2.64-4.57) for the female gender and the risk of depression increased by 6% (5 - 7) with each added year of age. The anti-TPO, BMI and waist circumference did not influence the regression models.RESULTSSDS was higher in the females (47.6 +/- 9.7 vs. 41.7 +/- 8.6, p < 0.001) and correlated with the subjects' age (Spearman's rho(female) = 0.447, p < 0.001, P(male) = 0.402, p < 0.001). Depression was more prevalent in the females (all p < 0.001) with hypothyroidism than in the euthyroid subjects (odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.15-2.80, p < 0.011). The odds ratio for depression was 3.47 (2.64-4.57) for the female gender and the risk of depression increased by 6% (5 - 7) with each added year of age. The anti-TPO, BMI and waist circumference did not influence the regression models.The depressive score was higher in the females and increased with age. Hypothyroidism determined a higher risk of depression in the females.CONCLUSIONThe depressive score was higher in the females and increased with age. Hypothyroidism determined a higher risk of depression in the females. The AIM of the present study was to explore the level of depression in the respondents using the Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS) and find a correlation with the levels of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and the anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO), the age and gender of the participants. 2401 subjects aged 20-84 yrs were included, 1344 of them female aged 48.7 +/- 14.4 yrs and 1057 male, aged 46.5 +/- 14.5 yrs (p < 0.001). All participants completed the Zung SDS questionnaire and a depressive score was calculated and interpreted as follows: less than 49 points--no depression, between 50 and 59 points--mild depression, between 60 and 69 points--moderate depression and more than 69 points-- severe depression. Body height and weight were measured and serum TSH and Anti-TPO were determined. SDS was higher in the females (47.6 +/- 9.7 vs. 41.7 +/- 8.6, p < 0.001) and correlated with the subjects' age (Spearman's rho(female) = 0.447, p < 0.001, P(male) = 0.402, p < 0.001). Depression was more prevalent in the females (all p < 0.001) with hypothyroidism than in the euthyroid subjects (odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.15-2.80, p < 0.011). The odds ratio for depression was 3.47 (2.64-4.57) for the female gender and the risk of depression increased by 6% (5 - 7) with each added year of age. The anti-TPO, BMI and waist circumference did not influence the regression models. The depressive score was higher in the females and increased with age. Hypothyroidism determined a higher risk of depression in the females. The AIM of the present study was to explore the level of depression in the respondents using the Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS) and find a correlation with the levels of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and the anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO), the age and gender of the participants. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 2401 subjects aged 20-84 yrs were included, 1344 of them female aged 48.7 ± 14.4 yrs and 1057 male, aged 46.5 ± 14.5 yrs (p < 0.001). All participants completed the Zung SDS questionnaire and a depressive score was calculated and interpreted as follows: less than 49 points - no depression, between 50 and 59 points - mild depression, between 60 and 69 points - moderate depression and more than 69 points - severe depression. Body height and weight were measured and serum TSH and Anti-TPO were determined. RESULTS: SDS was higher in the females (47.6 ± 9.7 vs. 41.7 ± 8.6, p < 0.001) and correlated with the subjects’ age (Spearman’s ρfemale = 0.447, p < 0.001, ρmale = 0.402, p < 0.001). Depression was more prevalent in the females (all p < 0.001) with hypothyroidism than in the euthyroid subjects (odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.15-2.80, p < 0.011). The odds ratio for depression was 3.47 (2.64-4.57) for the female gender and the risk of depression increased by 6% (5 - 7) with each added year of age. The anti-TPO, BMI and waist circumference did not influence the regression models. CONCLUSION: The depressive score was higher in the females and increased with age. Hypothyroidism determined a higher risk of depression in the females The AIM of the present study was to explore the level of depression in the respondents using the Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS) and find a correlation with the levels of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and the anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO), the age and gender of the participants. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 2401 subjects aged 20-84 yrs were included, 1344 of them female aged 48.7 ± 14.4 yrs and 1057 male, aged 46.5 ± 14.5 yrs (p < 0.001). All participants completed the Zung SDS questionnaire and a depressive score was calculated and interpreted as follows: less than 49 points - no depression, between 50 and 59 points - mild depression, between 60 and 69 points - moderate depression and more than 69 points - severe depression. Body height and weight were measured and serum TSH and Anti-TPO were determined. RESULTS: SDS was higher in the females (47.6 ± 9.7 vs. 41.7 ± 8.6, p < 0.001) and correlated with the subjects’ age (Spearman’s ρfemale = 0.447, p < 0.001, ρmale = 0.402, p < 0.001). Depression was more prevalent in the females (all p < 0.001) with hypothyroidism than in the euthyroid subjects (odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.15-2.80, p < 0.011). The odds ratio for depression was 3.47 (2.64-4.57) for the female gender and the risk of depression increased by 6% (5 - 7) with each added year of age. The anti-TPO, BMI and waist circumference did not influence the regression models. CONCLUSION: The depressive score was higher in the females and increased with age. Hypothyroidism determined a higher risk of depression in the females ЦЕЛЬ: Настоящее исследование ставит себе целью исследовть уровень депрессивности участников посредством вопросников самооценки Zung-а и найти связь с уровнями ТСГ и антитиреопероксидазных антител (анти-ТПО), с возрастом и полом участников. ПАЦИЕНТы И МЕТОДЫ: Включены 2401 человек в возрасте от 20 до 84 лет; 1344 женщины в возрасте 48.7 ± 14.4 г. и 1057 мужчин в возрасте 46.5 ± 14.5 г. (p < 0.001). Пополнен вопросник самооценки Zung-а. Интерпретация результатов следующая: до 49 очков - отсутствие депрессии, от 50 до 59 - легкая депрессия, от 60 до 69 - умеренная депрессия, свыше 70 - тяжелая. Измерены рост, масса тела, окружность талии и ТСГ и Анти-ТПО антитела. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Депрессивный скок оказался более высоким у женщин по сравнению с мужчинами (47.6 ± 9.7 - 41.7 ± 8.6, p < 0.001), и коррелировал с возрастом (Spearman’s ρж. = 0.447, p < 0.001, ρм. = 0.402, p < 0.001). Частотата депрессии более высокая у женщин (все p < 0.001) и более высокая у тех с гипертиреоидизмом по сравнению с женщинами с эутиреодизмом /отношение шансов 1.8, 95% ИД 1.15 - 2.80 р < 0.011/. Отношение шансов появления депрессии у женщин по сравнению с мужчинами 3.47 (2.64 - 4.57), а риск нарастает приблизительно на 6% (5 - 7) на каждый год увеличения возраста. Анти-ТПО, ИТМ и окружность талии не оказывают влияние в модели. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Депрессивность
Author	Borisova, Anna-Maria I. Petkova, Polina L. Kovacheva, Russanka D. Atanassova, Iliana D. Shinkov, Alexander D. Aslanova, Nina L. Vukov, Mircho I. Vlahov, Yordan D. Dakovska, Lilia N.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Alexander D. surname: Shinkov fullname: Shinkov, Alexander D. email: shinkovs@abv.bg.com organization: Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Medical University of Sofia – sequence: 2 givenname: Anna-Maria I. surname: Borisova fullname: Borisova, Anna-Maria I. organization: Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Medical University of Sofia – sequence: 3 givenname: Russanka D. surname: Kovacheva fullname: Kovacheva, Russanka D. organization: Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Medical University of Sofia – sequence: 4 givenname: Yordan D. surname: Vlahov fullname: Vlahov, Yordan D. organization: Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Medical University of Sofia – sequence: 5 givenname: Lilia N. surname: Dakovska fullname: Dakovska, Lilia N. organization: Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Medical University of Sofia – sequence: 6 givenname: Iliana D. surname: Atanassova fullname: Atanassova, Iliana D. organization: Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Medical University of Sofia – sequence: 7 givenname: Polina L. surname: Petkova fullname: Petkova, Polina L. organization: Department of Psychology, Varna Free University, Varna – sequence: 8 givenname: Nina L. surname: Aslanova fullname: Aslanova, Nina L. organization: Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Medical University of Sofia – sequence: 9 givenname: Mircho I. surname: Vukov fullname: Vukov, Mircho I. organization: National Center of Public Health and Analysis, Ministry of Health, Sofia, Bulgaria
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SubjectTerms	Adult Age Factors Aged Aged, 80 and over Biomarkers - blood Body Height Body Weight Bulgaria - epidemiology depression Depression - blood Depression - epidemiology Female Humans hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism - blood Hypothyroidism - epidemiology Iodide Peroxidase - blood Male Middle Aged Prevalence Psychiatric Status Rating Scales Sex Factors thyroid dysfunction Thyrotropin - blood Zung SDS ZungSDS гипотиреоидизм депрессия тиреоидная дисфункция
Title	Influence of Serum Levels of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies, Age and Gender on Depression as Measured by the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale
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