Automated High-Resolution Structure Analysis of Plant Root with a Morphological Image Filtering Algorithm

Research on rice (Oryza sativa) roots demands the automatic analysis of root architecture during image processing. It is challenging for a digital filter to identify the roots from the obscure and cluttered background. The original Frangi algorithm, presented by Alejandro F. Frangi in 1998, is a suc...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Mathematical problems in engineering Vol. 2021; pp. 1 - 14
Main Authors: Gong, Liang, Du, Xiaofeng, Lin, Chenhui, Zhu, Kai, Liu, Chengliang, Liang, Wanqi
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York Hindawi 2021
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Subjects:
Algorithms
Automation
Blood vessels
Cameras
Digital filters
Digital imaging
Eigenvalues
Image acquisition
Image enhancement
Image filters
Image processing
Image segmentation
Low pass filters
Mathematical problems
Morphology
Noise
Plant roots
Structural analysis
ISSN:1024-123X, 1563-5147
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract Research on rice (Oryza sativa) roots demands the automatic analysis of root architecture during image processing. It is challenging for a digital filter to identify the roots from the obscure and cluttered background. The original Frangi algorithm, presented by Alejandro F. Frangi in 1998, is a successful low-pass filter dedicated to blood vessel image enhancement. Considering the similarity between vessels and roots, the Frangi filter algorithm is applied to outline the roots. However, the original Frangi only enhances the tube-like primary roots but erases the lateral roots during filtering. In this paper, an improved Frangi filtering algorithm (IFFA), designed for plant roots, is proposed. Firstly, an automatic root phenotyping system is designed to fulfill the high-throughput root image acquisition. Secondly, multilevel image thresholding, connected components labeling, and width correction are used to optimize the output binary image. Thirdly, to enhance the local structure, the Gaussian filtering operator in the original Frangi is redesigned with a truncated Gaussian kernel, resulting in more discernible lateral roots. Compared to the original Frangi filter and commercially available software, IFFA is faster and more accurate, achieving a pixel accuracy of 97.48%. IFFA is an effective morphological filtering approach to enhance the roots of rice for segmentation and further biological research. It is convincing that IFFA is suitable for different 2-D plant root image processing and morphological analysis.
AbstractList Research on rice (Oryza sativa) roots demands the automatic analysis of root architecture during image processing. It is challenging for a digital filter to identify the roots from the obscure and cluttered background. The original Frangi algorithm, presented by Alejandro F. Frangi in 1998, is a successful low-pass filter dedicated to blood vessel image enhancement. Considering the similarity between vessels and roots, the Frangi filter algorithm is applied to outline the roots. However, the original Frangi only enhances the tube-like primary roots but erases the lateral roots during filtering. In this paper, an improved Frangi filtering algorithm (IFFA), designed for plant roots, is proposed. Firstly, an automatic root phenotyping system is designed to fulfill the high-throughput root image acquisition. Secondly, multilevel image thresholding, connected components labeling, and width correction are used to optimize the output binary image. Thirdly, to enhance the local structure, the Gaussian filtering operator in the original Frangi is redesigned with a truncated Gaussian kernel, resulting in more discernible lateral roots. Compared to the original Frangi filter and commercially available software, IFFA is faster and more accurate, achieving a pixel accuracy of 97.48%. IFFA is an effective morphological filtering approach to enhance the roots of rice for segmentation and further biological research. It is convincing that IFFA is suitable for different 2-D plant root image processing and morphological analysis.
Author Gong, Liang
Zhu, Kai
Liu, Chengliang
Du, Xiaofeng
Lin, Chenhui
Liang, Wanqi
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Liang
  orcidid: 0000-0003-0265-1192
  surname: Gong
  fullname: Gong, Liang
  organization: School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240Chinasjtu.edu.cn
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Xiaofeng
  surname: Du
  fullname: Du, Xiaofeng
  organization: School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240Chinasjtu.edu.cn
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Chenhui
  surname: Lin
  fullname: Lin, Chenhui
  organization: School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240Chinasjtu.edu.cn
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Kai
  surname: Zhu
  fullname: Zhu, Kai
  organization: School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240Chinasjtu.edu.cn
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Chengliang
  orcidid: 0000-0002-6754-258X
  surname: Liu
  fullname: Liu, Chengliang
  organization: School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240Chinasjtu.edu.cn
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Wanqi
  surname: Liang
  fullname: Liang, Wanqi
  organization: School of Life SciencesShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240Chinasjtu.edu.cn
BookMark eNp9kEFLwzAYhoNMcJve_AEBj1qXNE2zHctwbjBRpoK3kqZJm5E2M0kZ-_d2bCdBL9_3HZ73g_cZgUFrWwnALUaPGFM6iVGMJ0k_kji9AENMUxJRnLBBf6M4iXBMvq7AyPst6iGKp0Ogsy7YhgdZwqWu6mgjvTVd0LaF78F1InROwqzl5uC1h1bBN8PbADfWBrjXoYYcvli3q62xlRbcwFXDKwkX2gTpdFvBzFTW9WBzDS4VN17enPcYfC6ePubLaP36vJpn60gQwkJUMsaniBLFZ5wnJE1VSUuFpUCzQomUlEKkCSMKF4TRspilfJoIJbEktCRMFWQM7k5_d85-d9KHfGs71zfweUwpwowRSnoqPlHCWe-dVLnQgR97B8e1yTHKj0rzo9L8rLQPPfwK7ZxuuDv8hd-f8Fq3Jd_r_-kfH--HMA
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1093_plphys_kiaf154
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11760_024_03366_z
Cites_doi 10.1371/journal.pone.0108255
10.1023/A:1026179919689
10.1186/s13007-015-0084-4
10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.04.009
10.1111/j.1365-313X.2009.04009.x
10.1016/j.compag.2021.106197
10.1023/B:PLSO.0000030171.28821.55
10.1007/bfb0056195
10.1186/s13007-016-0131-9
10.2134/agronj1997.00021962008900060014x
10.1186/s13007-018-0352-1
10.1007/BF01189228
10.1109/TSMC.1979.4310076
10.1109/3DV.2016.79
10.1104/pp.109.150748
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright © 2021 Liang Gong et al.
Copyright © 2021 Liang Gong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright © 2021 Liang Gong et al.
– notice: Copyright © 2021 Liang Gong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DBID RHU
RHW
RHX
AAYXX
CITATION
7TB
8FD
8FE
8FG
ABJCF
ABUWG
AFKRA
ARAPS
AZQEC
BENPR
BGLVJ
CCPQU
CWDGH
DWQXO
FR3
GNUQQ
HCIFZ
JQ2
K7-
KR7
L6V
M7S
P5Z
P62
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PKEHL
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
PTHSS
DOI 10.1155/2021/4021426
DatabaseName Hindawi Publishing Complete
Hindawi Publishing Subscription Journals
Hindawi Publishing Open Access
CrossRef
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
Technology Research Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest SciTech Premium Collection Technology Collection Materials Science & Engineering Database
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest SciTech Premium Collection Technology Collection Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials - QC
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest One
Middle East & Africa Database (ProQuest)
ProQuest Central Korea
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest Central Student
SciTech Collection (ProQuest)
ProQuest Computer Science Collection
Computer Science Database
Civil Engineering Abstracts
ProQuest Engineering Collection
Engineering Database
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
Proquest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic (retired)
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
Engineering Collection
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
Computer Science Database
ProQuest Central Student
Technology Collection
Technology Research Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Computer Science Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest Engineering Collection
Middle East & Africa Database
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Central (New)
Engineering Collection
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
Civil Engineering Abstracts
Engineering Database
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest SciTech Collection
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
DatabaseTitleList Publicly Available Content Database
CrossRef
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: RHX
  name: Hindawi Publishing Open Access
  url: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
– sequence: 2
  dbid: PIMPY
  name: Publicly Available Content Database
  url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Applied Sciences
EISSN 1563-5147
Editor Tang, Yunchao
Editor_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Yunchao
  surname: Tang
  fullname: Tang, Yunchao
EndPage 14
ExternalDocumentID 10_1155_2021_4021426
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Shanghai Municipal Agricultural Commission
  grantid: 2019-2-2
– fundername: National Natural Science Foundation of China
  grantid: 51775333
– fundername: Royal Society
  grantid: CHL\R1\180496
GroupedDBID 29M
2WC
3V.
4.4
5GY
5VS
8FE
8FG
8R4
8R5
AAFWJ
AAJEY
ABDBF
ABJCF
ABUWG
ACIPV
ACIWK
ADBBV
AENEX
AFKRA
AINHJ
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ARAPS
BCNDV
BENPR
BGLVJ
BPHCQ
CCPQU
CS3
CWDGH
E3Z
EBS
ESX
GROUPED_DOAJ
HCIFZ
I-F
IAO
IEA
IOF
ISR
ITC
K6V
K7-
KQ8
L6V
M7S
MK~
M~E
OK1
P2P
P62
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PROAC
PTHSS
Q2X
REM
RHU
RHW
RHX
RNS
TR2
TUS
XSB
YQT
~8M
0R~
24P
AAMMB
AAYXX
ACCMX
AEFGJ
AFFHD
AGXDD
AIDQK
AIDYY
ALUQN
CITATION
H13
OVT
PHGZM
PHGZT
PQGLB
7TB
8FD
AZQEC
DWQXO
FR3
GNUQQ
JQ2
KR7
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c337t-d77a8053fa9aa4366fd5df1ec09bfc63dcc6473f1b375db96a84cfe1e35d37fb3
IEDL.DBID RHX
ISICitedReferencesCount 2
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000674606900006&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 1024-123X
IngestDate Fri Jul 25 10:04:42 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 03:30:40 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 20:38:25 EST 2025
Sun Jun 02 18:54:53 EDT 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Language English
License This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c337t-d77a8053fa9aa4366fd5df1ec09bfc63dcc6473f1b375db96a84cfe1e35d37fb3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ORCID 0000-0003-0265-1192
0000-0002-6754-258X
OpenAccessLink https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4021426
PQID 2550177353
PQPubID 237775
PageCount 14
ParticipantIDs proquest_journals_2550177353
crossref_citationtrail_10_1155_2021_4021426
crossref_primary_10_1155_2021_4021426
hindawi_primary_10_1155_2021_4021426
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2021-00-00
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2021-01-01
PublicationDate_xml – year: 2021
  text: 2021-00-00
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace New York
PublicationPlace_xml – name: New York
PublicationTitle Mathematical problems in engineering
PublicationYear 2021
Publisher Hindawi
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Publisher_xml – name: Hindawi
– name: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
References 11
12
13
14
15
16
17
P.-S. Liao (10) 2001; 17
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
References_xml – ident: 11
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108255
– ident: 12
  doi: 10.1023/A:1026179919689
– ident: 2
  doi: 10.1186/s13007-015-0084-4
– ident: 17
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108255
– volume: 17
  start-page: 713
  issue: 5
  year: 2001
  ident: 10
  article-title: A fast algorithm for multilevel thresholding
  publication-title: Journal of Information Science and Engineering
– ident: 8
  doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.04.009
– ident: 13
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2009.04009.x
– ident: 16
  doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2021.106197
– ident: 4
  doi: 10.1023/B:PLSO.0000030171.28821.55
– ident: 6
  doi: 10.1007/bfb0056195
– ident: 3
  doi: 10.1186/s13007-016-0131-9
– ident: 5
  doi: 10.2134/agronj1997.00021962008900060014x
– ident: 1
  doi: 10.1186/s13007-018-0352-1
– ident: 7
  doi: 10.1007/BF01189228
– ident: 9
  doi: 10.1109/TSMC.1979.4310076
– ident: 15
  doi: 10.1109/3DV.2016.79
– ident: 14
  doi: 10.1104/pp.109.150748
SSID ssj0021518
Score 2.2497513
Snippet Research on rice (Oryza sativa) roots demands the automatic analysis of root architecture during image processing. It is challenging for a digital filter to...
SourceID proquest
crossref
hindawi
SourceType Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 1
SubjectTerms Algorithms
Automation
Blood vessels
Cameras
Digital filters
Digital imaging
Eigenvalues
Image acquisition
Image enhancement
Image filters
Image processing
Image segmentation
Low pass filters
Mathematical problems
Morphology
Noise
Plant roots
Structural analysis
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: ProQuest Central
  dbid: BENPR
  link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1bS8MwFA66KfjivOJ0Sh7mkxRX0zTtk0zZUNAx5oW9lTYXV9jWuXb69z1p04mI-uBbaQ8l8J17ku8g1AxtQrltS4txV1qOiJjlcw-epKAq8iCfy69HP9-xXs8bDv2-abil5lhl6RNzRy0Srnvk55D6gvIwQsnl7NXSU6P07qoZobGKqpqpDPS8etXp9QfLkgviWXEZ7kKz85FhefSdUl312-dOTjnmfglK6yNdDb_H37xzHnK6tf8udgttmmQTtwvt2EYrcrqDaibxxMas010UtxdZAqkrvNTnPizd0y80Ej_k_LKLucQlfQlOFNajjjI8SJIM60YuDvF9AoCVjhTfTsBN4W6st-IhNuL2-AWWl40me-ip23m8vrHMDAaLE8IySzAWemCoKvTD0CGuqwQVypa85UeKu0Rw7jqMKDsijIrId0PP4UraklBBmIrIPqpMk6k8QDgSTEqpQB2gpKQ08kULkqdQ0ZairmKqjs5KEAJuCMr1nIxxkBcqlAYassBAVkenS-lZQczxg1zT4PmHWKNEMjBWnAafMB7-_vkIbeifFa2ZBqoANPIYrfG3LE7nJ0YpPwB_NuoV
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title Automated High-Resolution Structure Analysis of Plant Root with a Morphological Image Filtering Algorithm
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4021426
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2550177353
Volume 2021
WOSCitedRecordID wos000674606900006&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1563-5147
  dateEnd: 20250131
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0021518
  issn: 1024-123X
  databaseCode: P5Z
  dateStart: 20080101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/hightechjournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Computer Science Database (ProQuest)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1563-5147
  dateEnd: 20250131
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0021518
  issn: 1024-123X
  databaseCode: K7-
  dateStart: 20080101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/compscijour
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Engineering Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1563-5147
  dateEnd: 20250131
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0021518
  issn: 1024-123X
  databaseCode: M7S
  dateStart: 20080101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Middle East & Africa Database (ProQuest)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1563-5147
  dateEnd: 20250131
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0021518
  issn: 1024-123X
  databaseCode: CWDGH
  dateStart: 20080101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/middleeastafrica
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1563-5147
  dateEnd: 20250131
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0021518
  issn: 1024-123X
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20080101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1563-5147
  dateEnd: 20250131
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0021518
  issn: 1024-123X
  databaseCode: PIMPY
  dateStart: 20080101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVWIB
  databaseName: Wiley Open Access
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1563-5147
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0021518
  issn: 1024-123X
  databaseCode: 24P
  dateStart: 19950101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://authorservices.wiley.com/open-science/open-access/browse-journals.html
  providerName: Wiley-Blackwell
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1JS8NAFH5YF_DiLtalzKGeJNg4mUxyrGJRtCXUheolJLNooW2kjfr3fZNMBBXRS8jyMof35q3z5huAZuJSJlxXOVz4yvFkyp1QBHinJNNpgPFcsT36_pr3esFgEEYWJGn2cwkfvZ1Jz91jr8AG82tQC5jp3OpfDD7zKnRa5Y63EwPBRwdVf_u3f794nqVnk_K-D3-Y4MKvdNZgxQaEpF1KcB3m1GQDVm1wSKzqzTZh2H7NMwwv8aXpzXBM3b2cNeSmwIB9nSpSQYyQTBNzHFFO-lmWE1NsJQnpZsjUytiRyzGaEtIZmuVy9F-kPXrKpkg43oK7zvnt2YVjz0lwBKU8dyTnSYDKpJMwSTzq-1oyqV0lWmGqhU-lEL7HqXZTyplMQz8JPKGVqyiTlOuUbsP8JJuoHSCp5EopjSLDtI-xNJQtDHASzVqa-ZrrOhxVPIyFBRE3Z1mM4iKZYCw2HI8tx-tw-En9UoJn_ELXtOL4g2y_klVsNW0WY0qERoVTRnf_N8oeLJvHsoyyD_MoInUAi-ItH86mDVg4Pe9F_QbUrrjTMJ2gN3iN2CN-iS670UOjmHsf63HN9w
linkProvider Hindawi Publishing
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1JT9tAFH6igaq9lEKpmrLNITlVVuyMx2MfEIpaIqIsisqi9GTsWSASxCkxoP6p_sa-scdUqKKcOHCz7KeRPO-bt81bABqJR5nwPOVwESjHlyl3IhHik5JMpyHac0V59OmAj0bhZBKNl-B3VQtj0iormVgIapkJEyNvoemL4OGU0f35T8dMjTK3q9UIjRIWffXrDl22xV7vG_K32W53D46_Hjp2qoAjKOW5IzlPQoSeTqIk8WkQaMmk9pRwo1SLgEohAp9T7aWUM5lGQRL6QitPUSYp1ynFdV_Bso9gd2uwPO4Nxz_uXTzUn2XxXdt0A6STKtWeMRNl8Fp-0eIseKAEX18Y7_tu-o82KFRcd_Wlbc57eGeNadIp0b8GS2q2DqvWsCZWbC0-wLRzk2domuNLk9fimDuL8sSRo6J_7s21IlV7FpJpYkY55eR7luXEBKpJQoYZArJSFKR3hWKYdKcm1QB1P-lcnuN25BdXG3DyLD_8EWqzbKY-AUklV0pphDu6zIylkXTROEw0czULNNd1-FIxPRa2AbuZA3IZF44YY7GBSGwhUofmPfW8bDzyCF3D4ucJsq0KObGVUov4L2w-___zLrw5PB4O4kFv1N-Et2bhMgy1BTVkk9qGFXGbTxfXO_ZAEDh7bpj9AYdCSnM
linkToPdf http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1LT9tAEB7R0FZcoE_x7h7ICVmJs16vfahQgEREoVEUaJWbsffRWAoxEFPEX-PXMWuvqRCiPXHgZtmrlbz7zcw3s7MzADuxS5lwXeVw4SvHkwl3QhHgk5JMJwHyueJ69K9jPhgE43E4XIC76i6MSausdGKhqGUmTIy8gdQXwcMpow1t0yKGh929i0vHdJAyJ61VO40SIn11e4Pu2_x77xD3ut5qdTunB0eO7TDgCEp57kjO4wBhqOMwjj3q-1oyqV0lmmGihU-lEL7HqXYTyplMQj8OPKGVqyiTlOuE4rxvYJFTdHpqsLjfGQxHD-4e2tLyIl7LVAak4yrtnjETcXAbXlHuzH9kEN9NjCd-kz6xDIW566685oX6AMuWZJN2KRUfYUHNPsGKJdzEqrP5Z0jb13mGlB1fmnwXx5xllJJIToq6utdXilRlW0imiWnxlJNRluXEBLBJTH5kCNTKgJDeOapn0k1NCgJyAtKe_sblyCfnX-Dni_zwV6jNsplaBZJIrpTSKAboSjOWhLKJpDHWrKmZr7leg90KAJGwhdlNf5BpVDhojEUGLpGFyxrUH0ZflAVJnhm3Y7H0n2GbFYoiq73m0V8Irf_78zd4j9iKjnuD_gYsmXnL6NQm1HCX1Ba8FX_ydH61bWWDwNlLo-weSuNTDQ
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Automated+High-Resolution+Structure+Analysis+of+Plant+Root+with+a+Morphological+Image+Filtering+Algorithm&rft.jtitle=Mathematical+problems+in+engineering&rft.au=Gong%2C+Liang&rft.au=Du%2C+Xiaofeng&rft.au=Lin%2C+Chenhui&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Kai&rft.date=2021&rft.issn=1024-123X&rft.eissn=1563-5147&rft.volume=2021&rft.spage=1&rft.epage=14&rft_id=info:doi/10.1155%2F2021%2F4021426&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1155_2021_4021426
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1024-123X&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1024-123X&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1024-123X&client=summon