Irrigation water management in Iran: Implications for water use efficiency improvement
•Despite increasing water scarcity in Iran, irrigation water use is still inefficient.•Water management has failed due to legal, social, technological and political dynamics.•Government should revise its approach to manage weaknesses, threats and potentials.•Rethinking agriculture role in developmen...
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| Vydáno v: | Agricultural water management Ročník 208; s. 7 - 18 |
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| Hlavní autoři: | , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Vydáno: |
Elsevier B.V
30.09.2018
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| Témata: | |
| ISSN: | 0378-3774, 1873-2283 |
| On-line přístup: | Získat plný text |
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| Abstract | •Despite increasing water scarcity in Iran, irrigation water use is still inefficient.•Water management has failed due to legal, social, technological and political dynamics.•Government should revise its approach to manage weaknesses, threats and potentials.•Rethinking agriculture role in development and improving water productivity are needed.•Raising governors’ awareness about risk of populist development agendas is vital.
Water is the most essential resource for the production of agricultural goods and services. However, high levels of water stress and increased frequency and intensity of droughts, which are mainly driven by climate change dynamics, have reduced the stock of freshwater resources in arid and semi-arid regions, such as Iran. Despite the major reduction of freshwater resources, the efficiency of irrigation water use has remained very low in the country and performance of water management schemes is far from satisfactory. Using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats/political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental (SWOT/PESTLE) analysis, this paper explores 40 internal and external factors that influence irrigation water management in Iran and recognizes legal, social, technological and political dynamics as the major reasons for failure of irrigation water management in the country. A combination of the threats, opportunities, weaknesses and strengths (TOWS) matrix and bottleneck analysis was used to suggest irrigation water management strategies that rehabilitate the failed schemes and enhance water security in the agriculture sector. Rethinking the role of intensified agriculture in development along with raising the awareness and attitude of decision makers towards the risk of shortsighted water resource development plans, in addition to promoting agro-based industries and developing integrated plans to improve water efficiency are the strategies that can contribute to a more effective management of irrigation water in Iran. |
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| AbstractList | •Despite increasing water scarcity in Iran, irrigation water use is still inefficient.•Water management has failed due to legal, social, technological and political dynamics.•Government should revise its approach to manage weaknesses, threats and potentials.•Rethinking agriculture role in development and improving water productivity are needed.•Raising governors’ awareness about risk of populist development agendas is vital.
Water is the most essential resource for the production of agricultural goods and services. However, high levels of water stress and increased frequency and intensity of droughts, which are mainly driven by climate change dynamics, have reduced the stock of freshwater resources in arid and semi-arid regions, such as Iran. Despite the major reduction of freshwater resources, the efficiency of irrigation water use has remained very low in the country and performance of water management schemes is far from satisfactory. Using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats/political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental (SWOT/PESTLE) analysis, this paper explores 40 internal and external factors that influence irrigation water management in Iran and recognizes legal, social, technological and political dynamics as the major reasons for failure of irrigation water management in the country. A combination of the threats, opportunities, weaknesses and strengths (TOWS) matrix and bottleneck analysis was used to suggest irrigation water management strategies that rehabilitate the failed schemes and enhance water security in the agriculture sector. Rethinking the role of intensified agriculture in development along with raising the awareness and attitude of decision makers towards the risk of shortsighted water resource development plans, in addition to promoting agro-based industries and developing integrated plans to improve water efficiency are the strategies that can contribute to a more effective management of irrigation water in Iran. Water is the most essential resource for the production of agricultural goods and services. However, high levels of water stress and increased frequency and intensity of droughts, which are mainly driven by climate change dynamics, have reduced the stock of freshwater resources in arid and semi-arid regions, such as Iran. Despite the major reduction of freshwater resources, the efficiency of irrigation water use has remained very low in the country and performance of water management schemes is far from satisfactory. Using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats/political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental (SWOT/PESTLE) analysis, this paper explores 40 internal and external factors that influence irrigation water management in Iran and recognizes legal, social, technological and political dynamics as the major reasons for failure of irrigation water management in the country. A combination of the threats, opportunities, weaknesses and strengths (TOWS) matrix and bottleneck analysis was used to suggest irrigation water management strategies that rehabilitate the failed schemes and enhance water security in the agriculture sector. Rethinking the role of intensified agriculture in development along with raising the awareness and attitude of decision makers towards the risk of shortsighted water resource development plans, in addition to promoting agro-based industries and developing integrated plans to improve water efficiency are the strategies that can contribute to a more effective management of irrigation water in Iran. |
| Author | Keshavarz, Marzieh Liaghat, Abdolmajid Nazari, Bijan Akbari, Mohammad Reza |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Bijan surname: Nazari fullname: Nazari, Bijan email: binazari@ut.ac.ir organization: Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran – sequence: 2 givenname: Abdolmajid surname: Liaghat fullname: Liaghat, Abdolmajid email: aliaghat@ut.ac.ir organization: Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran – sequence: 3 givenname: Mohammad Reza surname: Akbari fullname: Akbari, Mohammad Reza email: mrakbari@ut.ac.ir organization: Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran – sequence: 4 givenname: Marzieh surname: Keshavarz fullname: Keshavarz, Marzieh email: keshavarzmarzieh@pnu.ac.ir organization: Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran |
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| Snippet | •Despite increasing water scarcity in Iran, irrigation water use is still inefficient.•Water management has failed due to legal, social, technological and... Water is the most essential resource for the production of agricultural goods and services. However, high levels of water stress and increased frequency and... |
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| SubjectTerms | Agriculture sector Bottleneck analysis climate change decision making drought freshwater industry Iran irrigation management irrigation water politics public services and goods resource management risk semiarid zones SWOT/PESTLE analysis TOWS matrix Water crisis Water efficiency Water management water security water stress water use efficiency |
| Title | Irrigation water management in Iran: Implications for water use efficiency improvement |
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