Combining answer set programming with description logics for the Semantic Web
We propose a combination of logic programming under the answer set semantics with the description logics SHIF ( D ) and SHOIN ( D ) , which underly the Web ontology languages OWL Lite and OWL DL, respectively. To this end, we introduce description logic programs (or dl-programs), which consist of a...
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| Published in: | Artificial intelligence Vol. 172; no. 12; pp. 1495 - 1539 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford
Elsevier B.V
01.08.2008
Elsevier |
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| ISSN: | 0004-3702, 1872-7921 |
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| Abstract | We propose a combination of logic programming under the answer set semantics with the description logics
SHIF
(
D
)
and
SHOIN
(
D
)
, which underly the Web ontology languages OWL Lite and OWL DL, respectively. To this end, we introduce
description logic programs (or
dl-programs), which consist of a description logic knowledge base
L and a finite set
P of
description logic rules (or
dl-rules). Such rules are similar to usual rules in nonmonotonic logic programs, but they may also contain
queries to L, possibly under default negation, in their bodies. They allow for building rules on top of ontologies but also, to a limited extent, building ontologies on top of rules. We define a suite of semantics for various classes of dl-programs, which conservatively extend the standard semantics of the respective classes and coincide with it in absence of a description logic knowledge base. More concretely, we generalize positive, stratified, and arbitrary normal logic programs to dl-programs, and define a Herbrand model semantics for them. We show that they have similar properties as ordinary logic programs, and also provide fixpoint characterizations in terms of (iterated) consequence operators. For arbitrary dl-programs, we define answer sets by generalizing Gelfond and Lifschitz's notion of a transform, leading to a
strong and a
weak answer set semantics, which are based on reductions to the semantics of positive dl-programs and ordinary positive logic programs, respectively. We also show how the weak answer sets can be computed utilizing answer sets of ordinary normal logic programs. Furthermore, we show how some advanced reasoning tasks for the Semantic Web, including different forms of closed-world reasoning and default reasoning, as well as DL-safe rules, can be realized on top of dl-programs. Finally, we give a precise picture of the computational complexity of dl-programs, and we describe efficient algorithms and a prototype implementation of dl-programs which is available on the Web. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | We propose a combination of logic programming under the answer set semantics with the description logics
SHIF
(
D
)
and
SHOIN
(
D
)
, which underly the Web ontology languages OWL Lite and OWL DL, respectively. To this end, we introduce
description logic programs (or
dl-programs), which consist of a description logic knowledge base
L and a finite set
P of
description logic rules (or
dl-rules). Such rules are similar to usual rules in nonmonotonic logic programs, but they may also contain
queries to L, possibly under default negation, in their bodies. They allow for building rules on top of ontologies but also, to a limited extent, building ontologies on top of rules. We define a suite of semantics for various classes of dl-programs, which conservatively extend the standard semantics of the respective classes and coincide with it in absence of a description logic knowledge base. More concretely, we generalize positive, stratified, and arbitrary normal logic programs to dl-programs, and define a Herbrand model semantics for them. We show that they have similar properties as ordinary logic programs, and also provide fixpoint characterizations in terms of (iterated) consequence operators. For arbitrary dl-programs, we define answer sets by generalizing Gelfond and Lifschitz's notion of a transform, leading to a
strong and a
weak answer set semantics, which are based on reductions to the semantics of positive dl-programs and ordinary positive logic programs, respectively. We also show how the weak answer sets can be computed utilizing answer sets of ordinary normal logic programs. Furthermore, we show how some advanced reasoning tasks for the Semantic Web, including different forms of closed-world reasoning and default reasoning, as well as DL-safe rules, can be realized on top of dl-programs. Finally, we give a precise picture of the computational complexity of dl-programs, and we describe efficient algorithms and a prototype implementation of dl-programs which is available on the Web. |
| Author | Tompits, Hans Eiter, Thomas Lukasiewicz, Thomas Schindlauer, Roman Ianni, Giovambattista |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Thomas surname: Eiter fullname: Eiter, Thomas email: eiter@kr.tuwien.ac.at organization: Institut für Informationssysteme, Technische Universität Wien, Favoritenstraße 9-11, A-1040 Vienna, Austria – sequence: 2 givenname: Giovambattista surname: Ianni fullname: Ianni, Giovambattista email: ianni@kr.tuwien.ac.at organization: Institut für Informationssysteme, Technische Universität Wien, Favoritenstraße 9-11, A-1040 Vienna, Austria – sequence: 3 givenname: Thomas surname: Lukasiewicz fullname: Lukasiewicz, Thomas email: lukasiewicz@kr.tuwien.ac.at organization: Institut für Informationssysteme, Technische Universität Wien, Favoritenstraße 9-11, A-1040 Vienna, Austria – sequence: 4 givenname: Roman surname: Schindlauer fullname: Schindlauer, Roman email: roman@kr.tuwien.ac.at organization: Institut für Informationssysteme, Technische Universität Wien, Favoritenstraße 9-11, A-1040 Vienna, Austria – sequence: 5 givenname: Hans surname: Tompits fullname: Tompits, Hans email: tompits@kr.tuwien.ac.at organization: Institut für Informationssysteme, Technische Universität Wien, Favoritenstraße 9-11, A-1040 Vienna, Austria |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1007/BF00883932 10.1016/j.websem.2005.05.002 10.1007/s10849-005-5791-1 10.1145/1149114.1149117 10.1007/BF01536399 10.1016/0304-3975(94)00080-3 10.1016/0004-3702(88)90077-X 10.1007/BF03037169 10.1016/j.websem.2003.07.001 10.1016/j.artint.2005.05.003 10.1016/j.websem.2005.05.003 10.1093/logcom/2.3.397 10.1145/116825.116838 10.1023/A:1008687430626 10.1038/scientificamerican0501-34 10.1016/0004-3702(89)90068-4 10.1016/S0004-3702(98)00048-4 10.1016/0022-0000(89)90025-1 10.1145/502807.502810 10.1016/0004-3702(80)90014-4 10.1145/505372.505373 10.1109/5254.920598 10.1016/S0022-0000(05)80004-2 10.1016/j.websem.2005.05.001 |
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| Keywords | Semantic Web Closed-world reasoning Description logics Answer set programming Ontologies Rules Computational complexity Default logic Database query Ontology Knowledge representation Web service Knowledge base Logical programming Task analysis Modeling Circumscription Exact solution Semantic web Description logic Semantics World wide web Internet Artificial intelligence Program complexity |
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| SubjectTerms | Answer set programming Applied sciences Artificial intelligence Closed-world reasoning Computational complexity Computer science; control theory; systems Computer systems and distributed systems. User interface Default logic Description logics Exact sciences and technology Information systems. Data bases Language theory and syntactical analysis Memory organisation. Data processing Ontologies Rules Semantic Web Software Speech and sound recognition and synthesis. Linguistics Theoretical computing |
| Title | Combining answer set programming with description logics for the Semantic Web |
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