Survey on mining signal temporal logic specifications
Formal specifications play an essential role in the life-cycle of modern systems, both at the time of their design and during their operation. Despite their importance, formal specifications are only partially (if at all) available. Specification mining is the process of learning likely system prope...
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| Published in: | Information and computation Vol. 289; p. 104957 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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01.11.2022
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| ISSN: | 0890-5401, 1090-2651 |
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| Abstract | Formal specifications play an essential role in the life-cycle of modern systems, both at the time of their design and during their operation. Despite their importance, formal specifications are only partially (if at all) available. Specification mining is the process of learning likely system properties from the observation of its behavior and its interaction with the environment. Signal temporal logic (STL) is a popular formalism for expressing properties of cyber-physical systems (CPS). In the last decade, the introduction of first methods for mining STL specifications from time series generated by CPS led to a new vivid area of research.
This survey paper overviews methods for mining STL specifications from CPS behaviors, sketches different approaches found in the literature and presents them in an intuitive and didactic manner. It aims at presenting the most influential techniques and covers most important aspects of specification mining: template-based vs. template-free, model-based vs. model-free, passive vs. active, and supervised vs. unsupervised learning. |
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| AbstractList | Formal specifications play an essential role in the life-cycle of modern systems, both at the time of their design and during their operation. Despite their importance, formal specifications are only partially (if at all) available. Specification mining is the process of learning likely system properties from the observation of its behavior and its interaction with the environment. Signal temporal logic (STL) is a popular formalism for expressing properties of cyber-physical systems (CPS). In the last decade, the introduction of first methods for mining STL specifications from time series generated by CPS led to a new vivid area of research.
This survey paper overviews methods for mining STL specifications from CPS behaviors, sketches different approaches found in the literature and presents them in an intuitive and didactic manner. It aims at presenting the most influential techniques and covers most important aspects of specification mining: template-based vs. template-free, model-based vs. model-free, passive vs. active, and supervised vs. unsupervised learning. |
| ArticleNumber | 104957 |
| Author | Nesterini, Eleonora Bartocci, Ezio Mateis, Cristinel Nickovic, Dejan |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ezio surname: Bartocci fullname: Bartocci, Ezio organization: Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria – sequence: 2 givenname: Cristinel surname: Mateis fullname: Mateis, Cristinel organization: Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria – sequence: 3 givenname: Eleonora surname: Nesterini fullname: Nesterini, Eleonora email: eleonora.nesterini@tuwien.ac.at organization: Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria – sequence: 4 givenname: Dejan orcidid: 0000-0001-5468-0396 surname: Nickovic fullname: Nickovic, Dejan organization: Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1023/A:1024988512476 10.1145/506147.506151 10.1109/TCAD.2015.2421907 10.1007/BF01995674 10.1109/2.53 10.1109/TCAD.2020.3012240 10.1016/0890-5401(87)90052-6 10.1016/j.tcs.2009.06.021 10.1007/s10009-020-00599-4 10.1145/227595.227602 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3000907 10.1177/0278364912473168 10.1137/0204006 10.1007/s10703-019-00332-1 10.1093/comjnl/36.5.450 10.1145/3147660 10.1007/s10009-021-00627-x 10.1016/j.scico.2007.01.015 10.1016/0004-3702(86)90031-7 10.1007/s10009-017-0447-4 10.1109/TAC.2016.2585083 |
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