Computational Fluid Dynamics Numerical Simulation on Flow Behavior of Molten Slag–Metal Mixture over a Spinning Cup

Centrifugal granulation technology using a spinning cup opens a potential way to recycle steel slag that is currently difficult to reuse. The objective of this research was to study the flow characteristics of a molten slag–metal mixture that was produced during smelting reduction in molten steel sl...

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Vydané v:	Processes Ročník 12; číslo 2; s. 372
Hlavní autori:	Wang, Jun, Pan, Yuhua, Zhao, Ming, Ma, Ping, Lv, Shali, Huang, Yawei
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Basel MDPI AG 01.02.2024
Predmet:	Approximation Computational fluid dynamics Computer applications Computer software industry Diameters Film thickness Flow characteristics Fluid dynamics Free surfaces Granulation Heat Heavy metals Industrial applications Investigations Iron Liquid metals Mathematical models Metallurgy Mixtures Multiphase flow Numerical analysis Parameter estimation Particle size Sauter mean diameter Simulation Simulation methods Slag Smelting reduction Steel Steel production Technology application Waste management United States
ISSN:	2227-9717, 2227-9717
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Abstract	Centrifugal granulation technology using a spinning cup opens a potential way to recycle steel slag that is currently difficult to reuse. The objective of this research was to study the flow characteristics of a molten slag–metal mixture that was produced during smelting reduction in molten steel slag, passing over a spinning cup, so as to explore the feasibility of using centrifugal granulation technology to treat the steel slag. This was achieved by developing and implementing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model that incorporated free-surface multiphase flow to predict the thickness of the liquid slag film at the edge of the spinning cup (slag film thickness for short), which was an important parameter for estimating the size of the slag particles resulting from centrifugal granulation of the molten slag–metal mixture. The influences of various relevant parameters, including spinning cup diameter, slag feeding rate, cup spinning speed, etc., on the slag film thickness were analyzed. Additionally, hot experiments on centrifugal granulation of a molten slag–metal mixture were conducted to verify the results of the numerical simulations. The experimental results indicated a progressive reduction in the Sauter mean diameter of the slag particles as the metallic iron content in the slag increased. Specifically, when the iron content rose from 5% to 15% at a cup spinning speed of 2500 RPM, the Sauter mean diameter decreased by 13.77%. The numerical simulation results showed that the slag film thickness had a positive relationship to the slag feeding rate but a negative relationship to the spinning cup diameter and the cup spinning speed. Furthermore, the ratio between the mean slag particle diameter and the slag film thickness decreased nearly linearly with the increase in the metallic iron content in slag, with the average ratio being approximately 4.25, and this relationship was useful for estimating the slag particle size from the slag film thickness. Therefore, the present research results can provide theoretical guidance for the industrial application of spinning cup centrifugal granulation technology to effectively treat and recycle steel slags.
AbstractList	Centrifugal granulation technology using a spinning cup opens a potential way to recycle steel slag that is currently difficult to reuse. The objective of this research was to study the flow characteristics of a molten slag–metal mixture that was produced during smelting reduction in molten steel slag, passing over a spinning cup, so as to explore the feasibility of using centrifugal granulation technology to treat the steel slag. This was achieved by developing and implementing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model that incorporated free-surface multiphase flow to predict the thickness of the liquid slag film at the edge of the spinning cup (slag film thickness for short), which was an important parameter for estimating the size of the slag particles resulting from centrifugal granulation of the molten slag–metal mixture. The influences of various relevant parameters, including spinning cup diameter, slag feeding rate, cup spinning speed, etc., on the slag film thickness were analyzed. Additionally, hot experiments on centrifugal granulation of a molten slag–metal mixture were conducted to verify the results of the numerical simulations. The experimental results indicated a progressive reduction in the Sauter mean diameter of the slag particles as the metallic iron content in the slag increased. Specifically, when the iron content rose from 5% to 15% at a cup spinning speed of 2500 RPM, the Sauter mean diameter decreased by 13.77%. The numerical simulation results showed that the slag film thickness had a positive relationship to the slag feeding rate but a negative relationship to the spinning cup diameter and the cup spinning speed. Furthermore, the ratio between the mean slag particle diameter and the slag film thickness decreased nearly linearly with the increase in the metallic iron content in slag, with the average ratio being approximately 4.25, and this relationship was useful for estimating the slag particle size from the slag film thickness. Therefore, the present research results can provide theoretical guidance for the industrial application of spinning cup centrifugal granulation technology to effectively treat and recycle steel slags.
Audience	Academic
Author	Lv, Shali Huang, Yawei Pan, Yuhua Zhao, Ming Wang, Jun Ma, Ping
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Jun surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Jun – sequence: 2 givenname: Yuhua surname: Pan fullname: Pan, Yuhua – sequence: 3 givenname: Ming surname: Zhao fullname: Zhao, Ming – sequence: 4 givenname: Ping surname: Ma fullname: Ma, Ping – sequence: 5 givenname: Shali surname: Lv fullname: Lv, Shali – sequence: 6 givenname: Yawei surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Yawei
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SubjectTerms	Approximation Computational fluid dynamics Computer applications Computer software industry Diameters Film thickness Flow characteristics Fluid dynamics Free surfaces Granulation Heat Heavy metals Industrial applications Investigations Iron Liquid metals Mathematical models Metallurgy Mixtures Multiphase flow Numerical analysis Parameter estimation Particle size Sauter mean diameter Simulation Simulation methods Slag Smelting reduction Steel Steel production Technology application Waste management
Title	Computational Fluid Dynamics Numerical Simulation on Flow Behavior of Molten Slag–Metal Mixture over a Spinning Cup
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