Technical and non-technical losses calculation in distribution grids using a defined equivalent operational impedance
This study presents an approach to calculate average technical losses (TLoss) and non-technical losses (NTLoss) in distribution grids using an equivalent operational impedance (EOI) calculated from a load flow solution for the transformers’ average loads, obtained from customers’ electric bills. If...
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| Published in: | IET generation, transmission & distribution Vol. 13; no. 8; pp. 1315 - 1323 |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Institution of Engineering and Technology
23.04.2019
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| ISSN: | 1751-8687, 1751-8695 |
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| Abstract | This study presents an approach to calculate average technical losses (TLoss) and non-technical losses (NTLoss) in distribution grids using an equivalent operational impedance (EOI) calculated from a load flow solution for the transformers’ average loads, obtained from customers’ electric bills. If transformers are supervised, i.e. have available active and reactive power injections measurements or estimates from a state estimator program, the transformers’ average technical and non-technical losses can be calculated by running a load flow for the grid supplied by the transformer and using the definition of EOI presented in this study. For unsupervised transformers, i.e. no measurements or estimates are available, pseudo measurements of average active and reactive power injections can be obtained by a procedure that uses active and reactive power measurements at the feeder substation. The use of this methodology by electric utilities allows the calculation of technical and non-technical losses more accurately, as well as the inclusion of non-technical losses in the distribution networks operation planning. Results using the IEEE 13-bus test system and an urban real distribution grid are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. |
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| AbstractList | This study presents an approach to calculate average technical losses (TLoss) and non-technical losses (NTLoss) in distribution grids using an equivalent operational impedance (EOI) calculated from a load flow solution for the transformers’ average loads, obtained from customers’ electric bills. If transformers are supervised, i.e. have available active and reactive power injections measurements or estimates from a state estimator program, the transformers’ average technical and non-technical losses can be calculated by running a load flow for the grid supplied by the transformer and using the definition of EOI presented in this study. For unsupervised transformers, i.e. no measurements or estimates are available, pseudo measurements of average active and reactive power injections can be obtained by a procedure that uses active and reactive power measurements at the feeder substation. The use of this methodology by electric utilities allows the calculation of technical and non-technical losses more accurately, as well as the inclusion of non-technical losses in the distribution networks operation planning. Results using the IEEE 13-bus test system and an urban real distribution grid are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. |
| Author | Bezerra, Ubiratan H Tostes, Maria E.L Manito, Allan R.A Nunes, Marcus V.A Vieira, João P.A Soares, Thiago M de Oliveira, Rafael C |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1049/iet-gtd.2016.0856 10.1049/cp.2013.0963 10.1016/0378-7796(88)90044-2 10.1109/61.997955 10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2740563 10.1049/cp.2009.0846 10.1109/TPWRS.2012.2224891 10.1049/oap-cired.2017.0825 10.1109/TSG.2014.2345780 10.1109/PESW.2001.916993 10.1109/TLA.2015.7069089 10.1109/PTC.2015.7232613 10.1109/PEDES.2010.5712390 10.1109/ENERGYCON.2016.7513947 10.1109/TPWRD.2013.2280574 10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2277888 10.1049/cp.2016.1079 |
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| Copyright | The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2019 The Authors. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology |
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| Keywords | defined equivalent operational impedance transformers distribution networks power system state estimation transformer losses substations power engineering computing power measurement average active power injections reactive power average technical losses nontechnical losses calculation available active power injections measurements reactive power injections measurements distribution grids load flow |
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| SubjectTerms | available active power injections measurements average active power injections average technical losses defined equivalent operational impedance distribution grids distribution networks load flow losses nontechnical losses calculation power engineering computing power measurement power system state estimation reactive power reactive power injections measurements Research Article substations transformer transformers |
| Title | Technical and non-technical losses calculation in distribution grids using a defined equivalent operational impedance |
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