Two-Layer Federated Learning With Heterogeneous Model Aggregation for 6G Supported Internet of Vehicles

The vision of the upcoming 6G technologies that have fast data rate, low latency, and ultra-dense network, draws great attentions to the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication for intelligent transportation systems. There is an urgent need for distributed machine le...

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Vydané v:	IEEE transactions on vehicular technology Ročník 70; číslo 6; s. 5308 - 5317
Hlavní autori:	Zhou, Xiaokang, Liang, Wei, She, Jinhua, Yan, Zheng, Wang, Kevin
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	New York IEEE 01.06.2021 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Predmet:	6G mobile communication 6G technology Agglomeration Cloud computing Collaborative work Computational modeling Computer architecture Data models Distributed databases End-edge-cloud computing Federated learning Heterogeneous data Intelligent transportation systems Internet of Vehicles Learning Machine learning Multilayers Network latency Object detection Object recognition Roadsides Systems analysis Training Transportation networks Vehicles
ISSN:	0018-9545, 1939-9359
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Abstract	The vision of the upcoming 6G technologies that have fast data rate, low latency, and ultra-dense network, draws great attentions to the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication for intelligent transportation systems. There is an urgent need for distributed machine learning techniques that can take advantages of massive interconnected networks with explosive amount of heterogeneous data generated at the network edge. In this study, a two-layer federated learning model is proposed to take advantages of the distributed end-edge-cloud architecture typical in 6G environment, and to achieve a more efficient and more accurate learning while ensuring data privacy protection and reducing communication overheads. A novel multi-layer heterogeneous model selection and aggregation scheme is designed as a part of the federated learning process to better utilize the local and global contexts of individual vehicles and road side units (RSUs) in 6G supported vehicular networks. This context-aware distributed learning mechanism is then developed and applied to address intelligent object detection, which is one of the most critical challenges in modern intelligent transportation systems with autonomous vehicles. Evaluation results showed that the proposed method, which demonstrates a higher learning accuracy with better precision, recall and F1 score, outperforms other state-of-the-art methods under 6G network configuration by achieving faster convergence, and scales better with larger numbers of RSUs involved in the learning process.
AbstractList	The vision of the upcoming 6G technologies that have fast data rate, low latency, and ultra-dense network, draws great attentions to the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication for intelligent transportation systems. There is an urgent need for distributed machine learning techniques that can take advantages of massive interconnected networks with explosive amount of heterogeneous data generated at the network edge. In this study, a two-layer federated learning model is proposed to take advantages of the distributed end-edge-cloud architecture typical in 6G environment, and to achieve a more efficient and more accurate learning while ensuring data privacy protection and reducing communication overheads. A novel multi-layer heterogeneous model selection and aggregation scheme is designed as a part of the federated learning process to better utilize the local and global contexts of individual vehicles and road side units (RSUs) in 6G supported vehicular networks. This context-aware distributed learning mechanism is then developed and applied to address intelligent object detection, which is one of the most critical challenges in modern intelligent transportation systems with autonomous vehicles. Evaluation results showed that the proposed method, which demonstrates a higher learning accuracy with better precision, recall and F1 score, outperforms other state-of-the-art methods under 6G network configuration by achieving faster convergence, and scales better with larger numbers of RSUs involved in the learning process.
Author	Zhou, Xiaokang She, Jinhua Wang, Kevin Yan, Zheng Liang, Wei
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SubjectTerms	6G mobile communication 6G technology Agglomeration Cloud computing Collaborative work Computational modeling Computer architecture Data models Distributed databases End-edge-cloud computing Federated learning Heterogeneous data Intelligent transportation systems Internet of Vehicles Learning Machine learning Multilayers Network latency Object detection Object recognition Roadsides Systems analysis Training Transportation networks Vehicles
Title	Two-Layer Federated Learning With Heterogeneous Model Aggregation for 6G Supported Internet of Vehicles
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