Algorithms, Correcting Biases

A great deal of theoretical work explores the possibility that algorithms may be biased in one or another respect. But for purposes of law and policy, some of the most important empirical research finds exactly the opposite. In the context of bail decisions, an algorithm designed to predict flight r...

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Vydáno v:Social research Ročník 86; číslo 2; s. 499 - 511
Hlavní autor: Sunstein, Cass R.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: New York Johns Hopkins University Press 01.07.2019
Témata:
Algorithms
Bail
Bias
Cognitive bias
Crime
Decision making
Heuristic
Jurisdiction
Letters (Correspondence)
Prisons
Public policy
Rape
Recency
Social goals
Social research
State laws
Statistical prediction
Trials
ISSN:0037-783X, 1944-768X, 1944-768X
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Shrnutí:A great deal of theoretical work explores the possibility that algorithms may be biased in one or another respect. But for purposes of law and policy, some of the most important empirical research finds exactly the opposite. In the context of bail decisions, an algorithm designed to predict flight risk does much better than human judges, in large part because the latter place an excessive emphasis on the current offense. Current Offense Bias, as we might call it, is best seen as a cousin of "availability bias," a well-known source of mistaken probability judgments. The broader lesson is that well-designed algorithms should be able to avoid cognitive biases of many kinds. Existing research on bail decisions also casts a new light on how to think about the risk that algorithms will discriminate on the basis of race (or other factors). Algorithms can easily be designed so as to avoid taking account of race (or other factors). They can also be constrained so as to produce whatever kind of racial balance is sought, and thus to reveal tradeoffs among various social values.
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ISSN:0037-783X
1944-768X
1944-768X
DOI:10.1353/sor.2019.0024