2APL: a practical agent programming language
This article presents a BDI-based agent-oriented programming language, called 2APL (A Practical Agent Programming Language). This programming language facilitates the implementation of multi-agent systems consisting of individual agents that may share and access external environments. It realizes an...
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| Vydáno v: | Autonomous agents and multi-agent systems Ročník 16; číslo 3; s. 214 - 248 |
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| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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Boston
Springer US
01.06.2008
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| ISSN: | 1387-2532, 1573-7454 |
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| Abstract | This article presents a BDI-based agent-oriented programming language, called 2APL (A Practical Agent Programming Language). This programming language facilitates the implementation of multi-agent systems consisting of individual agents that may share and access external environments. It realizes an effective integration of declarative and imperative style programming by introducing and integrating declarative beliefs and goals with events and plans. It also provides practical programming constructs to allow the generation, repair, and (different modes of) execution of plans based on beliefs, goals, and events. The formal syntax and semantics of the programming language are given and its relation with existing BDI-based agent-oriented programming languages is discussed. |
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| AbstractList | This article presents a BDI-based agent-oriented programming language, called 2APL (A Practical Agent Programming Language). This programming language facilitates the implementation of multi-agent systems consisting of individual agents that may share and access external environments. It realizes an effective integration of declarative and imperative style programming by introducing and integrating declarative beliefs and goals with events and plans. It also provides practical programming constructs to allow the generation, repair, and (different modes of) execution of plans based on beliefs, goals, and events. The formal syntax and semantics of the programming language are given and its relation with existing BDI-based agent-oriented programming languages is discussed. |
| Author | Dastani, Mehdi |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Mehdi surname: Dastani fullname: Dastani, Mehdi email: mehdi@cs.uu.nl organization: Intelligent Systems Group, Utrecht University |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1145/1329125.1329304 10.1007/3-540-44631-1_16 10.1016/0004-3702(90)90055-5 10.1007/0-387-26350-0_6 10.1109/WI-IATW.2007.50 10.1002/9780470061848 10.1007/0-387-26350-0_7 10.1016/S0004-3702(00)00031-X 10.1007/b116049 10.1023/B:AMAI.0000031197.13122.aa 10.1023/A:1010084620690 10.1016/S0004-3702(99)00061-2 10.1145/1160633.1160867 10.1007/978-3-540-79043-3_16 |
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| References | Thangarajah, J., Padgham, L., & Winikoff, M. (2003). Detecting & avoiding interference between goals in intelligent agents. In Proceedings of the 18th international joint conference on artificial intelligence. Dastani, M., van Riemsdijk, M. B., & Meyer, J.-J. C. (2006). Goal types in agent programming. In Proceedings of the 17th European conference on artificial intelligence(ECAI’06). Leite, J. A., Alferes, J. J., & Pereira, L. M. (2001). Minerva—A dynamic logic programming agent architecture. In J.-J. Meyer & M. Tambe (Eds.), Pre-proceedings of the eighth international workshop on agent theories, architectures, and languages (ATAL-2001)(pp. 133–145). Kakas, A., Mancarella, P., Sadri, F., Stathis, K., & Toni, F. (2004). The KGP model of agency. In The 16th European conference on artificial intelligence(p. 3337). MeyerJ.-J.C.van der HoekW.van LinderB.A logical approach to the dynamics of commitmentsArificial Intelligence,19991131400939.6883110.1016/S0004-3702(99)00061-2 Rao A.S.van HoeR.AgentSpeak(L): BDI agents speak out in a logical computable languageProceedings of the seventh European workshop on modelling autonomous agents in a multi-agent world (MAAMAW’96).1996The NetherlandsEindhoven Hindriks, K. V., de Boer, F. S., van der Hoek, W., & Meyer, J.-J. C. (2001). Agent programming with declarative goals. In Proceedings of the 7th international workshop on intelligent agents VII. agent theories architectures and languages(pp. 228–243). Springer-Verlag. Astefanoaei, L., Mol, C., Sindlar, M., & Tinnemeier, N. (2008). Going for Gold with 2APL. InProceedings of the fifth international workshop on programming multi-agent systems. Springer. Weyns, D., & Holvoet, T. (2004). A formal model for situated multi-agent systems. In B. Dunin-Kêplics & R. Verbrugge (Eds.), Fundamenta Informaticae, 63(2–3) 125–158. http://fi.mimuw.edu.pl/abs63.html. Bordini, R. H., Wooldridge, M., & Hübner, J. F. (2007). Programming multi-agent systems in agentspeak using Jason (Wiley Series in Agent Technology). John Wiley & Sons. Winikoff, M. (2005). JACKTM intelligent agents: An industrial strength platform. In Multi-agent programming: Languages, platforms and applications. Kluwer. Sadri, F. (2005). Using the KGP model of agency to design applications. In CLIMA VI(Vol. 3900, pp. 165–185). Springer. Hindriks, K. V., de Boer, F. S., van der Hoek, W., & Meyer, J.-J. C. (1998). A formal embedding of AgentSpeak(L) in 3APL. In: Advanced topics in artificial intelligence (LNAI 1502)(pp.155–166). Giacomo G.D.LesperanceY.Levesque H.J.Congolog, a concurrent programming language based on the situation calculusArtificial Intelligence,20001211–210916910.1016/S0004-3702(00)00031-X1783516 SardinaS.GiacomoG.D.LespéranceY.LevesqueH.J.On the semantics of deliberation in indigolog ù m theory to implementationAnnals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence,2004412–42592991048.6810010.1023/B:AMAI.0000031197.13122.aa2076853 Bellifemine, F., Bergenti, F., Caire, G., & Poggi, A. (2005). JADE—a java agent development framework. In Multi-agent programming: languages, platforms and applications. Kluwer. Pokahr, A., Braubach, L., & Lamersdorf, W. (2005). Jadex: A BDI reasoning engine. In Multi-agent programming: Languages, platforms and applications. Kluwer. Alechina, N., Dastani, M., Logan, B., & Meyer, J.-J. (2007). A logic of agent programs. In Proceedings of the twenty-second conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-07). AAAI press. Fisher, M. (2005). METATEM: The story so far. In Proceedings of the third international workshop on programming multiagent systems (ProMAS-03), Vol. 3862 of lecture notes in artificial intelligence(pp. 3–22). Springer Verlag. Dastani, M., van Riemsdijk, M. B., & Meyer, J.-J. C. (2007). A grounded specification language for agent programs. In Proceedings of the sixth international joint conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems (AAMAS’07). ACM Press. Cohen, P. R., & Levesque, H. J. (1990). Intention is choice with commitment. Artificial Intelligence, 42. Tinnemeier, N., Dastani, M., & Meyer, J.-J. C. (2007). Goal selection strategies for rational agents. In Proceedings of the LADS workshop (languages, methodologies and development tools for multi-agent systems). Vergunst, N., Steunebrink, B., Dastani, M., Dignum, F., & Meyer, J. (2007). Towards programming multimodal dialogues. In Proceedings of the workshop on communication between human and artificial agents (CHAA’07).IEEE Computer Society Press. Ricci, A., Piunti, M., Acay, L. D., Bordini, R., Hnbner, J., & Dastani, M. (2008). Integrating heterogeneous agent-programming platforms within artifact-based environments. In Proceedings of the seventh international joint conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems (AAMAS’08). ACM Press. HindriksK.V.de BoerF.S.van der HoekW.MeyerJ.-J.C.Agent programming in 3APLAutonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems,19992435740110.1023/A:1010084620690 Bergenti, F., Gleizes, M.-P., & Zambonelli, F. (Eds.). (2004). Methodologies and software engineering for agent systems, Vol. 11 of Multiagent systems, artificial societies, and simulated organizations. Kluwer Academic Publisher. FisherM.GabbayD.M.OhlbachH.J.A survey of concurrent METATEM—the language and its applicationsTemporal Logic—Proceedings of the first intemational conference (LNAI Vol. 827).1994Heidelberg GermanySpringer-Verlag480505 Rao, A. S., & Georgeff, M. P. (1991). Modeling rational agents within a BDI-architecture. In J. Allen, R. Fikes & E. Sandewall (Eds.),Proceedings of the second international conference on principles of knowledge representation and reasoning (KR’91) (pp. 473–484). Morgan Kaufmann. Bracciali, A., Demetriou, N., Endriss, U., Kakas, A., Lu, W., Sadri, P. M. F., Stathis, K., Terreni, G., & Toni, F. (2004). The KGP model of agency for global computing: Computational model and prototype implementation. In Global computing, Vol. 3267 of Lecture notes in computer science(pp. 340–367). Springer. 9036_CR21 9036_CR25 9036_CR23 9036_CR22 S. Sardina (9036_CR24) 2004; 41 9036_CR29 9036_CR28 9036_CR27 9036_CR26 M. Fisher (9036_CR10) 1994 D. Giacomo G. (9036_CR12) 2000; 121 9036_CR6 9036_CR7 9036_CR4 K.V. Hindriks (9036_CR13) 1999; 2 S. Rao A. (9036_CR20) 1996 9036_CR5 9036_CR8 9036_CR9 9036_CR2 9036_CR14 9036_CR3 9036_CR1 9036_CR11 9036_CR17 J.-J.C. Meyer (9036_CR18) 1999; 113 9036_CR16 9036_CR15 9036_CR19 |
| References_xml | – reference: Hindriks, K. V., de Boer, F. S., van der Hoek, W., & Meyer, J.-J. C. (2001). Agent programming with declarative goals. In Proceedings of the 7th international workshop on intelligent agents VII. agent theories architectures and languages(pp. 228–243). Springer-Verlag. – reference: Pokahr, A., Braubach, L., & Lamersdorf, W. (2005). Jadex: A BDI reasoning engine. In Multi-agent programming: Languages, platforms and applications. Kluwer. – reference: Vergunst, N., Steunebrink, B., Dastani, M., Dignum, F., & Meyer, J. (2007). Towards programming multimodal dialogues. In Proceedings of the workshop on communication between human and artificial agents (CHAA’07).IEEE Computer Society Press. – reference: Hindriks, K. V., de Boer, F. S., van der Hoek, W., & Meyer, J.-J. C. (1998). A formal embedding of AgentSpeak(L) in 3APL. In: Advanced topics in artificial intelligence (LNAI 1502)(pp.155–166). – reference: Dastani, M., van Riemsdijk, M. B., & Meyer, J.-J. C. (2007). A grounded specification language for agent programs. In Proceedings of the sixth international joint conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems (AAMAS’07). ACM Press. – reference: Bracciali, A., Demetriou, N., Endriss, U., Kakas, A., Lu, W., Sadri, P. M. F., Stathis, K., Terreni, G., & Toni, F. (2004). The KGP model of agency for global computing: Computational model and prototype implementation. In Global computing, Vol. 3267 of Lecture notes in computer science(pp. 340–367). Springer. – reference: Fisher, M. (2005). METATEM: The story so far. In Proceedings of the third international workshop on programming multiagent systems (ProMAS-03), Vol. 3862 of lecture notes in artificial intelligence(pp. 3–22). Springer Verlag. – reference: MeyerJ.-J.C.van der HoekW.van LinderB.A logical approach to the dynamics of commitmentsArificial Intelligence,19991131400939.6883110.1016/S0004-3702(99)00061-2 – reference: Kakas, A., Mancarella, P., Sadri, F., Stathis, K., & Toni, F. (2004). The KGP model of agency. In The 16th European conference on artificial intelligence(p. 3337). – reference: Cohen, P. R., & Levesque, H. J. (1990). Intention is choice with commitment. Artificial Intelligence, 42. – reference: FisherM.GabbayD.M.OhlbachH.J.A survey of concurrent METATEM—the language and its applicationsTemporal Logic—Proceedings of the first intemational conference (LNAI Vol. 827).1994Heidelberg GermanySpringer-Verlag480505 – reference: Dastani, M., van Riemsdijk, M. B., & Meyer, J.-J. C. (2006). Goal types in agent programming. In Proceedings of the 17th European conference on artificial intelligence(ECAI’06). – reference: Rao A.S.van HoeR.AgentSpeak(L): BDI agents speak out in a logical computable languageProceedings of the seventh European workshop on modelling autonomous agents in a multi-agent world (MAAMAW’96).1996The NetherlandsEindhoven – reference: Thangarajah, J., Padgham, L., & Winikoff, M. (2003). Detecting & avoiding interference between goals in intelligent agents. In Proceedings of the 18th international joint conference on artificial intelligence. – reference: Weyns, D., & Holvoet, T. (2004). A formal model for situated multi-agent systems. In B. Dunin-Kêplics & R. Verbrugge (Eds.), Fundamenta Informaticae, 63(2–3) 125–158. http://fi.mimuw.edu.pl/abs63.html. – reference: Ricci, A., Piunti, M., Acay, L. D., Bordini, R., Hnbner, J., & Dastani, M. (2008). Integrating heterogeneous agent-programming platforms within artifact-based environments. In Proceedings of the seventh international joint conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems (AAMAS’08). ACM Press. – reference: Rao, A. S., & Georgeff, M. P. (1991). Modeling rational agents within a BDI-architecture. In J. Allen, R. Fikes & E. Sandewall (Eds.),Proceedings of the second international conference on principles of knowledge representation and reasoning (KR’91) (pp. 473–484). Morgan Kaufmann. – reference: Bergenti, F., Gleizes, M.-P., & Zambonelli, F. (Eds.). (2004). Methodologies and software engineering for agent systems, Vol. 11 of Multiagent systems, artificial societies, and simulated organizations. Kluwer Academic Publisher. – reference: HindriksK.V.de BoerF.S.van der HoekW.MeyerJ.-J.C.Agent programming in 3APLAutonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems,19992435740110.1023/A:1010084620690 – reference: Tinnemeier, N., Dastani, M., & Meyer, J.-J. C. (2007). Goal selection strategies for rational agents. In Proceedings of the LADS workshop (languages, methodologies and development tools for multi-agent systems). – reference: Leite, J. A., Alferes, J. J., & Pereira, L. M. (2001). Minerva—A dynamic logic programming agent architecture. In J.-J. Meyer & M. Tambe (Eds.), Pre-proceedings of the eighth international workshop on agent theories, architectures, and languages (ATAL-2001)(pp. 133–145). – reference: Giacomo G.D.LesperanceY.Levesque H.J.Congolog, a concurrent programming language based on the situation calculusArtificial Intelligence,20001211–210916910.1016/S0004-3702(00)00031-X1783516 – reference: Astefanoaei, L., Mol, C., Sindlar, M., & Tinnemeier, N. (2008). Going for Gold with 2APL. InProceedings of the fifth international workshop on programming multi-agent systems. Springer. – reference: Bordini, R. H., Wooldridge, M., & Hübner, J. F. (2007). Programming multi-agent systems in agentspeak using Jason (Wiley Series in Agent Technology). John Wiley & Sons. – reference: Winikoff, M. (2005). JACKTM intelligent agents: An industrial strength platform. In Multi-agent programming: Languages, platforms and applications. Kluwer. – reference: Alechina, N., Dastani, M., Logan, B., & Meyer, J.-J. (2007). A logic of agent programs. In Proceedings of the twenty-second conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-07). AAAI press. – reference: SardinaS.GiacomoG.D.LespéranceY.LevesqueH.J.On the semantics of deliberation in indigolog ù m theory to implementationAnnals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence,2004412–42592991048.6810010.1023/B:AMAI.0000031197.13122.aa2076853 – reference: Sadri, F. (2005). Using the KGP model of agency to design applications. In CLIMA VI(Vol. 3900, pp. 165–185). Springer. – reference: Bellifemine, F., Bergenti, F., Caire, G., & Poggi, A. (2005). JADE—a java agent development framework. In Multi-agent programming: languages, platforms and applications. 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| Title | 2APL: a practical agent programming language |
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