UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS analysis of green tea phenolic metabolites in their free, esterified, glycosylated, and cell wall-bound forms by ultra-sonication, agitation, and conventional extraction techniques

In this study, phenolic metabolites in their free, soluble esterified, and soluble glycosylated forms in green tea infusions and cell wall-bound forms in solid residues obtained by ultrasound treatment, agitation treatment, and normal infusion preparation method were investigated. In total, thirty-t...

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Vydáno v:	Food science & technology Ročník 127; s. 109440
Hlavní autoři:	Das, Protiva Rani, Islam, Md. Tabibul, Lee, Seon-Hye, Lee, Min-Ki, Kim, Jung-Bong, Eun, Jong-Bang
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2020
Témata:	agitation Cell wall-bound phenolics coumaric acids epigallocatechin gallate esterification flavanols Free phenolics gallic acid glycosylation green tea Green tea infusions kaempferol metabolites Soluble esterified phenolics Soluble glycosylated phenolics ultrasonic treatment ultrasonics Soluble esterified phenolics Soluble glycosylated phenolics Green tea infusions Free phenolics Cell wall-bound phenolics
ISSN:	0023-6438, 1096-1127
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Abstract	In this study, phenolic metabolites in their free, soluble esterified, and soluble glycosylated forms in green tea infusions and cell wall-bound forms in solid residues obtained by ultrasound treatment, agitation treatment, and normal infusion preparation method were investigated. In total, thirty-three phenolic compounds were characterized including twenty-two flavonoids and eleven phenolic acids using UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS analysis. The flavonoids were sub-characterized as flavanols and flavonols, and phenolic acids were sub-characterized as hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxybenzoylquinic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, and hydroxycinnamoylquinic acid. As flavanols, EGCG was dominant in their free form and was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in ultrasound (4094 mg/100 g) and agitation (3906 mg/100 g) treatment than normal infusion (1657 mg/100 g). Kaempferol was predominant flavonols in their free form and was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in ultrasound (54.78 mg/100 g) and agitation (53.87 mg/100 g) treatment than normal infusion (30.67 mg/100 g). In contrary, cell wall-bound phenolics were dominated by gallic acid and were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in normal solid residues (2582 mg/100 g) than agitation (527 mg/100 g) and ultrasound (157 mg/100 g) treatment. This study provides a useful database of different forms of phenolic metabolite profiling of aqueous green tea infusions and solid residues. •Characterize green tea phenolic metabolites using UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS analysis.•Ultrasonic and agitation treatment is best to extract each form of phenolics.•Extraction techniques could increase soluble phenolic yields in green tea infusion.
AbstractList	In this study, phenolic metabolites in their free, soluble esterified, and soluble glycosylated forms in green tea infusions and cell wall-bound forms in solid residues obtained by ultrasound treatment, agitation treatment, and normal infusion preparation method were investigated. In total, thirty-three phenolic compounds were characterized including twenty-two flavonoids and eleven phenolic acids using UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS analysis. The flavonoids were sub-characterized as flavanols and flavonols, and phenolic acids were sub-characterized as hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxybenzoylquinic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, and hydroxycinnamoylquinic acid. As flavanols, EGCG was dominant in their free form and was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in ultrasound (4094 mg/100 g) and agitation (3906 mg/100 g) treatment than normal infusion (1657 mg/100 g). Kaempferol was predominant flavonols in their free form and was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in ultrasound (54.78 mg/100 g) and agitation (53.87 mg/100 g) treatment than normal infusion (30.67 mg/100 g). In contrary, cell wall-bound phenolics were dominated by gallic acid and were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in normal solid residues (2582 mg/100 g) than agitation (527 mg/100 g) and ultrasound (157 mg/100 g) treatment. This study provides a useful database of different forms of phenolic metabolite profiling of aqueous green tea infusions and solid residues. •Characterize green tea phenolic metabolites using UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS analysis.•Ultrasonic and agitation treatment is best to extract each form of phenolics.•Extraction techniques could increase soluble phenolic yields in green tea infusion. In this study, phenolic metabolites in their free, soluble esterified, and soluble glycosylated forms in green tea infusions and cell wall-bound forms in solid residues obtained by ultrasound treatment, agitation treatment, and normal infusion preparation method were investigated. In total, thirty-three phenolic compounds were characterized including twenty-two flavonoids and eleven phenolic acids using UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS analysis. The flavonoids were sub-characterized as flavanols and flavonols, and phenolic acids were sub-characterized as hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxybenzoylquinic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, and hydroxycinnamoylquinic acid. As flavanols, EGCG was dominant in their free form and was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in ultrasound (4094 mg/100 g) and agitation (3906 mg/100 g) treatment than normal infusion (1657 mg/100 g). Kaempferol was predominant flavonols in their free form and was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in ultrasound (54.78 mg/100 g) and agitation (53.87 mg/100 g) treatment than normal infusion (30.67 mg/100 g). In contrary, cell wall-bound phenolics were dominated by gallic acid and were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in normal solid residues (2582 mg/100 g) than agitation (527 mg/100 g) and ultrasound (157 mg/100 g) treatment. This study provides a useful database of different forms of phenolic metabolite profiling of aqueous green tea infusions and solid residues.
ArticleNumber	109440
Author	Lee, Seon-Hye Lee, Min-Ki Kim, Jung-Bong Islam, Md. Tabibul Das, Protiva Rani Eun, Jong-Bang
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Protiva Rani surname: Das fullname: Das, Protiva Rani organization: Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea – sequence: 2 givenname: Md. Tabibul surname: Islam fullname: Islam, Md. Tabibul organization: Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Seon-Hye surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Seon-Hye organization: Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, 166, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea – sequence: 4 givenname: Min-Ki surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Min-Ki organization: Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, 166, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea – sequence: 5 givenname: Jung-Bong surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Jung-Bong organization: Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, 166, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea – sequence: 6 givenname: Jong-Bang surname: Eun fullname: Eun, Jong-Bang email: jbeun@jnu.ac.kr, jongbang@hotmail.com organization: Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
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Snippet	In this study, phenolic metabolites in their free, soluble esterified, and soluble glycosylated forms in green tea infusions and cell wall-bound forms in solid...
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SubjectTerms	agitation Cell wall-bound phenolics coumaric acids epigallocatechin gallate esterification flavanols Free phenolics gallic acid glycosylation green tea Green tea infusions kaempferol metabolites Soluble esterified phenolics Soluble glycosylated phenolics ultrasonic treatment ultrasonics
Title	UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS analysis of green tea phenolic metabolites in their free, esterified, glycosylated, and cell wall-bound forms by ultra-sonication, agitation, and conventional extraction techniques
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