Response of Han River Estuary Discharge to Hydrological Process Changes in the Tributary–Mainstem Confluence Zone

This study investigates the dynamic response mechanisms of discharge capacity in the Han River Estuary to hydrological process changes at the Yangtze–Han River confluence. By constructing a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the 265 km Xinglong–Hankou reach, we quantitatively decouple the synerg...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Sustainability Vol. 17; no. 14; p. 6507
Main Authors:	Ouyang, Shuo, Xu, Changjiang, Xu, Weifeng, Zhang, Junhong, Huang, Weiya, Yang, Cuiping, Yue, Yao
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Basel MDPI AG 01.07.2025
Subjects:	Boundary conditions Efficiency Estuaries Flow velocity Hydrology Methods Morphology Stream measurements Water diversion Water levels Water resources China Han River Yangtze River
ISSN:	2071-1050, 2071-1050
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Abstract	This study investigates the dynamic response mechanisms of discharge capacity in the Han River Estuary to hydrological process changes at the Yangtze–Han River confluence. By constructing a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the 265 km Xinglong–Hankou reach, we quantitatively decouple the synergistic effects of riverbed scouring (mean annual incision rate: 0.12 m) and Three Gorges Dam (TGD) operation through four orthogonal scenarios. Key findings reveal: (1) Riverbed incision dominates discharge variation (annual mean contribution >84%), enhancing flood conveyance efficiency with a peak flow increase of 21.3 m3/s during July–September; (2) TGD regulation exhibits spatiotemporal intermittency, contributing 25–36% during impoundment periods (September–October) by reducing Yangtze backwater effects; (3) Nonlinear interactions between drivers reconfigure flow paths—antagonism occurs at low confluence ratios (R < 0.15, e.g., Cd increases to 45 under TGD but decreases to 8 under incision), while synergy at high ratios (R > 0.25) reduces Hanchuan Station flow by 13.84 m3/s; (4) The 180–265 km confluence-proximal zone is identified as a sensitive area, where coupled drivers amplify water surface gradients to −1.41 × 10−3 m/km (2.3× upstream) and velocity increments to 0.0027 m/s. The proposed “Natural/Anthropogenic Dual-Stressor Framework” elucidates estuary discharge mechanisms under intensive human interference, providing critical insights for flood control and trans-basin water resource management in tide-free estuaries globally.
AbstractList	This study investigates the dynamic response mechanisms of discharge capacity in the Han River Estuary to hydrological process changes at the Yangtze–Han River confluence. By constructing a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the 265 km Xinglong–Hankou reach, we quantitatively decouple the synergistic effects of riverbed scouring (mean annual incision rate: 0.12 m) and Three Gorges Dam (TGD) operation through four orthogonal scenarios. Key findings reveal: (1) Riverbed incision dominates discharge variation (annual mean contribution >84%), enhancing flood conveyance efficiency with a peak flow increase of 21.3 m3/s during July–September; (2) TGD regulation exhibits spatiotemporal intermittency, contributing 25–36% during impoundment periods (September–October) by reducing Yangtze backwater effects; (3) Nonlinear interactions between drivers reconfigure flow paths—antagonism occurs at low confluence ratios (R < 0.15, e.g., Cd increases to 45 under TGD but decreases to 8 under incision), while synergy at high ratios (R > 0.25) reduces Hanchuan Station flow by 13.84 m3/s; (4) The 180–265 km confluence-proximal zone is identified as a sensitive area, where coupled drivers amplify water surface gradients to −1.41 × 10−3 m/km (2.3× upstream) and velocity increments to 0.0027 m/s. The proposed “Natural/Anthropogenic Dual-Stressor Framework” elucidates estuary discharge mechanisms under intensive human interference, providing critical insights for flood control and trans-basin water resource management in tide-free estuaries globally. This study investigates the dynamic response mechanisms of discharge capacity in the Han River Estuary to hydrological process changes at the Yangtze–Han River confluence. By constructing a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the 265 km Xinglong–Hankou reach, we quantitatively decouple the synergistic effects of riverbed scouring (mean annual incision rate: 0.12 m) and Three Gorges Dam (TGD) operation through four orthogonal scenarios. Key findings reveal: (1) Riverbed incision dominates discharge variation (annual mean contribution >84%), enhancing flood conveyance efficiency with a peak flow increase of 21.3 m[sup.3] /s during July–September; (2) TGD regulation exhibits spatiotemporal intermittency, contributing 25–36% during impoundment periods (September–October) by reducing Yangtze backwater effects; (3) Nonlinear interactions between drivers reconfigure flow paths—antagonism occurs at low confluence ratios (R < 0.15, e.g., Cd increases to 45 under TGD but decreases to 8 under incision), while synergy at high ratios (R > 0.25) reduces Hanchuan Station flow by 13.84 m[sup.3] /s; (4) The 180–265 km confluence-proximal zone is identified as a sensitive area, where coupled drivers amplify water surface gradients to −1.41 × 10[sup.−3] m/km (2.3× upstream) and velocity increments to 0.0027 m/s. The proposed “Natural/Anthropogenic Dual-Stressor Framework” elucidates estuary discharge mechanisms under intensive human interference, providing critical insights for flood control and trans-basin water resource management in tide-free estuaries globally.
Audience	Academic
Author	Zhang, Junhong Ouyang, Shuo Huang, Weiya Xu, Weifeng Xu, Changjiang Yue, Yao Yang, Cuiping
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Shuo surname: Ouyang fullname: Ouyang, Shuo – sequence: 2 givenname: Changjiang surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Changjiang – sequence: 3 givenname: Weifeng surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Weifeng – sequence: 4 givenname: Junhong surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Junhong – sequence: 5 givenname: Weiya surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Weiya – sequence: 6 givenname: Cuiping surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Cuiping – sequence: 7 givenname: Yao surname: Yue fullname: Yue, Yao
BookMark	eNpVkcFOHDEMhiMEEhS49Aki9dRKS5PJzGTmiBbaRaICbemll5E348wGzSZLnKnKre_QN-RJCNpKBftgy_p-27LfsX0fPDL2XoozpVrxmSapZVlXQu-xo0JoOZOiEvuv8kN2SnQvsiklW1kfMVoibYMn5MHyBXi-dL8w8ktKE8RHfuHIrCEOyFPgi8c-hjEMzsDIb2MwSMTna_ADEneepzXyu-hWU8rSpz9_v4HzlHDD58HbcUJvkP_MK5-wAwsj4em_eMx-fLm8my9m1zdfr-bn1zOjijbNWlsCaNC6kI2otBIVVraXykBb9gbQroSp-hpqI0SxQg0NFNo22shaVWWr1DH7sOu7jeFhQkrdfZiizyM7VShV1IWudabOdtQAI3bO25AimOw9bpzJ61qX6-dN2TZNWTZ1Fnx8I8hMwt9pgImou_q-fMt-2rEmBqKItttGt8nn6aToXp7W_X-aegao84uu
Cites_doi	10.3390/w10111670 10.2166/nh.2021.090 10.1016/0341-8162(95)00047-X 10.5194/hess-24-5043-2020 10.1007/s11269-022-03387-8 10.1038/s43247-024-01403-w 10.1016/j.wateco.2025.100001 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122066 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165011 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.10.045 10.3390/w17111620 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000427 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122191 10.5194/nhess-13-2017-2013 10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102240 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100403 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143020 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2018.05.005 10.1038/s41598-025-89111-z 10.1016/j.tcrr.2024.06.003 10.1016/j.ecss.2019.03.002 10.1007/s11269-015-0916-z 10.1016/j.ecss.2022.108002 10.1007/s44218-024-00050-0 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.108843 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120910 10.1038/s41598-021-04734-2 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157213 10.1016/j.ecss.2016.07.004 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.129039 10.2166/ws.2019.187
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	COPYRIGHT 2025 MDPI AG 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml	– notice: COPYRIGHT 2025 MDPI AG – notice: 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
DBID	AAYXX CITATION ISR 4U- ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR CCPQU DWQXO PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI
DOI	10.3390/su17146507
DatabaseName	CrossRef Gale In Context: Science University Readers ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central ProQuest One ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database University Readers ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New)
DatabaseTitleList	CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: PIMPY name: Publicly Available Content Database url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Economics Environmental Sciences
EISSN	2071-1050
ExternalDocumentID	A849884486 10_3390_su17146507
GeographicLocations	China Han River Yangtze River
GeographicLocations_xml	– name: China – name: Yangtze River – name: Han River
GroupedDBID	29Q 2WC 2XV 4P2 5VS 7XC 8FE 8FH A8Z AAHBH AAYXX ACHQT ADBBV ADMLS AENEX AFFHD AFKRA AFMMW ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS BCNDV BENPR CCPQU CITATION E3Z ECGQY ESTFP FRS GX1 IAO IEP ISR ITC KQ8 ML. MODMG M~E OK1 P2P PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PROAC TR2 4U- ABUWG AZQEC DWQXO PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c329t-9f4aa7a77218057305e5fd13ca94dcaefb0c5d6a6c002be7a8a27f87c16354933
IEDL.DBID	BENPR
ISICitedReferencesCount	0
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001537259200001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	2071-1050
IngestDate	Sat Aug 23 14:55:32 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 04 18:10:35 EST 2025 Thu Nov 13 15:56:34 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 07:15:04 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess	true
IsOpenAccess	true
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	14
Language	English
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c329t-9f4aa7a77218057305e5fd13ca94dcaefb0c5d6a6c002be7a8a27f87c16354933
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14
OpenAccessLink	https://www.proquest.com/docview/3233262767?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication%
PQID	3233262767
PQPubID	2032327
ParticipantIDs	proquest_journals_3233262767 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A849884486 gale_incontextgauss_ISR_A849884486 crossref_primary_10_3390_su17146507
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	2025-07-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2025-07-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 07 year: 2025 text: 2025-07-01 day: 01
PublicationDecade	2020
PublicationPlace	Basel
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: Basel
PublicationTitle	Sustainability
PublicationYear	2025
Publisher	MDPI AG
Publisher_xml	– name: MDPI AG
References	Bai (ref_9) 2023; 37 Graham (ref_3) 2019; 221 Kew (ref_6) 2013; 13 Wang (ref_15) 2025; 58 Saddagh (ref_23) 2012; 17 Ngo (ref_7) 2023; 617 ref_31 Das (ref_32) 2022; 845 Iglesias (ref_16) 2024; 304 Zhao (ref_21) 2022; 276 Deng (ref_13) 2024; 20 Sheng (ref_20) 2024; 5 Zhang (ref_24) 2022; 53 Lai (ref_8) 2024; 468 Huang (ref_19) 2024; 263 Nhan (ref_4) 2016; 183 Zhang (ref_17) 2018; 186 Zhu (ref_1) 2020; 24 Wang (ref_14) 2020; 270 ref_25 ref_22 Khojasteh (ref_18) 2023; 894 Ouyang (ref_10) 2020; 20 Han (ref_2) 2024; 7 Dianchang (ref_11) 2025; 1 Smith (ref_29) 2015; 29 Hecht (ref_30) 2019; 568 ref_26 Petit (ref_28) 1996; 26 Liu (ref_12) 2024; 249 Zhou (ref_27) 2024; 13 ref_5
References_xml	– ident: ref_25 doi: 10.3390/w10111670 – ident: ref_26 – volume: 53 start-page: 141 year: 2022 ident: ref_24 article-title: Hydro-environmental response to the inter-basin water resource development in the middle and lower Han River, China publication-title: Hydrol. Res. doi: 10.2166/nh.2021.090 – volume: 26 start-page: 209 year: 1996 ident: ref_28 article-title: Channel incision, gravel mining and bedload transport in the Rhône river upstream of Lyon, France (“canal de Miribel”) publication-title: CATENA doi: 10.1016/0341-8162(95)00047-X – volume: 24 start-page: 5043 year: 2020 ident: ref_1 article-title: Dynamic mechanism of an extremely severe saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang estuary in February 2014 publication-title: Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. doi: 10.5194/hess-24-5043-2020 – volume: 37 start-page: 2505 year: 2023 ident: ref_9 article-title: Impact of Climate Change on Water Transfer Scale of Inter-basin Water Diversion Project publication-title: Water Resour. Manag. doi: 10.1007/s11269-022-03387-8 – volume: 5 start-page: 235 year: 2024 ident: ref_20 article-title: Anthropogenic eutrophication and stratification strength control hypoxia in the Yangtze Estuary publication-title: Commun. Earth Environ. doi: 10.1038/s43247-024-01403-w – volume: 1 start-page: 100001 year: 2025 ident: ref_11 article-title: Evolution Patterns of Water Ecology and Systematic Governance in the Yangtze River Basin publication-title: Water Ecol. doi: 10.1016/j.wateco.2025.100001 – volume: 270 start-page: 122066 year: 2020 ident: ref_14 article-title: Multi-objective model and decision-making method for coordinating the ecological benefits of the Three Gorger Reservoir publication-title: J. Clean. Prod. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122066 – volume: 894 start-page: 165011 year: 2023 ident: ref_18 article-title: A global assessment of estuarine tidal response to sea level rise publication-title: Sci. Total Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165011 – volume: 568 start-page: 285 year: 2019 ident: ref_30 article-title: Hydropower dams of the Mekong River basin: A review of their hydrological impacts publication-title: J. Hydrol. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.10.045 – ident: ref_31 doi: 10.3390/w17111620 – volume: 17 start-page: 252 year: 2012 ident: ref_23 article-title: Enhancing MIKE11 Updating Kernel and Evaluating Its Performance Using Numerical Experiments publication-title: J. Hydrol. Eng. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000427 – volume: 263 start-page: 122191 year: 2024 ident: ref_19 article-title: Pollution loads in the middle-lower Yangtze river by coupling water quality models with machine learning publication-title: Water Res. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122191 – volume: 13 start-page: 2017 year: 2013 ident: ref_6 article-title: The simultaneous occurrence of surge and discharge extremes for the Rhine delta publication-title: Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. doi: 10.5194/nhess-13-2017-2013 – volume: 58 start-page: 102240 year: 2025 ident: ref_15 article-title: Multi-objective optimal scheduling of cascade reservoirs in complex basin systems: Case study of the Jinsha River-Yalong River confluence basin in China publication-title: J. Hydrol. Reg. Stud. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102240 – volume: 20 start-page: 100403 year: 2024 ident: ref_13 article-title: Channel erosion and its impact on environmental flow of riparian habitat in the Middle Yangtze River publication-title: Environ. Sci. Ecotechnol. doi: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100403 – volume: 468 start-page: 143020 year: 2024 ident: ref_8 article-title: Variability and driving effect of aquatic gross primary productivity across long-distance inter-basin water diversion project publication-title: J. Clean. Prod. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143020 – volume: 186 start-page: 17 year: 2018 ident: ref_17 article-title: Seasonal hydrodynamic interactions between tidal waves and river flows in the Yangtze Estuary publication-title: J. Mar. Syst. doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2018.05.005 – ident: ref_5 doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-89111-z – volume: 13 start-page: 113 year: 2024 ident: ref_27 article-title: Review of the development of hydrological data quality control in Typhoon Committee Members publication-title: Trop. Cyclone Res. Rev. doi: 10.1016/j.tcrr.2024.06.003 – volume: 221 start-page: 170 year: 2019 ident: ref_3 article-title: Mississippi river sediment diversions and coastal wetland sustainability: Synthesis of responses to freshwater, sediment, and nutrient inputs publication-title: Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2019.03.002 – volume: 29 start-page: 1873 year: 2015 ident: ref_29 article-title: Impacts of the Aswan High Dam After 50 Years publication-title: Water Resour. Manag. doi: 10.1007/s11269-015-0916-z – volume: 276 start-page: 108002 year: 2022 ident: ref_21 article-title: Combined effects of river discharge regulation and estuarine morphological evolution on salinity dynamics in Yangtze Estuary, China publication-title: Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2022.108002 – volume: 7 start-page: 17 year: 2024 ident: ref_2 article-title: Tidal dynamic response to riverbed evolution in the Yangtze River Estuary publication-title: Anthr. Coasts doi: 10.1007/s44218-024-00050-0 – volume: 304 start-page: 108843 year: 2024 ident: ref_16 article-title: Hydrodynamics of a highly stratified small estuary and the influence of nearby river plumes publication-title: Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.108843 – volume: 249 start-page: 120910 year: 2024 ident: ref_12 article-title: Hydrological regimes and water quality variations in the Yangtze River basin from 1998 to 2018 publication-title: Water Res. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120910 – ident: ref_22 doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-04734-2 – volume: 845 start-page: 157213 year: 2022 ident: ref_32 article-title: Natural and anthropogenic effects on spatio-temporal variation in sediment load and yield in the Godavari basin, India publication-title: Sci. Total Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157213 – volume: 183 start-page: 382 year: 2016 ident: ref_4 article-title: Tidal regime deformation by sea level rise along the coast of the Mekong Delta publication-title: Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2016.07.004 – volume: 617 start-page: 129039 year: 2023 ident: ref_7 article-title: Reconstruction of the 1374 Rhine river flood event around Cologne region using 1D-2D coupled hydraulic modelling approach publication-title: J. Hydrol. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.129039 – volume: 20 start-page: 550 year: 2020 ident: ref_10 article-title: Multi-objective optimal water supply scheduling model for an inter-basin water transfer system: The South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project, China publication-title: Water Supply doi: 10.2166/ws.2019.187
SSID	ssj0000331916
Score	2.3705437
Snippet	This study investigates the dynamic response mechanisms of discharge capacity in the Han River Estuary to hydrological process changes at the Yangtze–Han River...
SourceID	proquest gale crossref
SourceType	Aggregation Database Index Database
StartPage	6507
SubjectTerms	Boundary conditions Efficiency Estuaries Flow velocity Hydrology Methods Morphology Stream measurements Water diversion Water levels Water resources
Title	Response of Han River Estuary Discharge to Hydrological Process Changes in the Tributary–Mainstem Confluence Zone
URI	https://www.proquest.com/docview/3233262767
Volume	17
WOSCitedRecordID	wos001537259200001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 2071-1050 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000331916 issn: 2071-1050 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 2071-1050 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000331916 issn: 2071-1050 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20090301 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2071-1050 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000331916 issn: 2071-1050 databaseCode: PIMPY dateStart: 20090301 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent providerName: ProQuest
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Nb9QwEB3RFoleKBQqFkplARKniI2dtZMTaiHVVmJXq-VDhUs0sR20l6Rdp0i9IP4D_5BfwjhxWFVCXDhGsSNLbzyecWbeA3jBMzsxPMYoKbmIEkt-sEyEiZSVGYrKCN7Jt316p-bz9Pw8W4QLNxfKKgef2Dlq02h_R_6KJlGkwZVUry8uI68a5f-uBgmNLdjxTGVk5zsn-Xyx_HPLMhZkYrHseUkF5feEr5f8prhE3TiJ_u6Pu0PmdO9_l3cP7obwkh339nAfbtl6H-4M3cduHw7yTWcbDQxb2z0At-yrZS1rKjbFmi19xQbLXUtGdM3erlxHqmRZ27DptVkPTpOFVgPW9yk4tqoZBZWsoyRpaeqvHz9nuKo9YTTz_YW9Jgr70tT2IXw8zT-8mUZBkSHSgmdtlFUJokKKyOPUMymOJ3ZSmVhozBKj0VblWE-MRKnJ0ZZWYYpcVanSFPVRIirEAWzX9PlHwBSXhIfNsDSYcG5SOkNl6fes0jLBeATPB3SKi554o6CExWNYbDAcwTMPXOGZLGpfKvMVr5wrzt4vi-M0ydKUsk85gpdhUNW0a9QYOg9oIZ786sbIwwHdIuxlV2ygffzv109gl3t14K6Y9xC22_WVfQq39bd25dZHwTSPYGv2Paenxdls8fk3IQLzLQ
linkProvider	ProQuest
linkToHtml	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3NbhMxEB5VKVK5FChUpBSw-BGnFVnbWe8eEKpoqkRNoigUVLgYr-2tctlt4y0oN96h79GH4kkY7w9RJcStB85rr1b2529mvDPfALyiie0bGqqAp5QF3CIPppyZQNgoUSwzjFbt2z6PxXQan54msw24bmthfFply4kVUZtC-zvytzgJPQ0qIvH-_CLwXaP839W2hUYNi2O7-oEhm3s3OsT9fU3p0eDkwzBougoEmtGkDJKMKyUUepVh7NUAe33bz0zItEq40cpmaU_3TaQijWSRWqFiRUUWC42eCwZT_gIUKX-Te7B3YHM2msy-_LnV6TGEdBjVOqiMJT3Ek28xjn6QuGH5_s7_lVE7uve_Lcd92G7cZ3JQ4_0BbNh8B7ba6mq3A7uDdeUeDmyoyz0EN6-zgS0pMjJUOZn7jBQycCUekhU5XLhKNMqSsiDDlVm2RoE0pRSkrsNwZJETdJpJJblS4tRfP68mapF7QWzi6yfrni_ka5HbR_DpVhZjFzo5vv4xEEEj3H-bqNQoTqmJ0UeIUs9JQkdchV142aJBntfCIhIDMo8ZucZMF154oEiv1JH7VKAzdemcHH2cy4OYJ3GM0XXUhTfNoKwol0qrprICP8SLe90Yud-iSTZc5eQaSnv_fvwctoYnk7Ecj6bHT-Au9Z2Qq8TlfeiUy0v7FO7o7-XCLZ81x4LAt9uG3m9Ek02p
linkToPdf	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1LbxMxEB5VKYJeeBSqBgpYPMRp1azXWa8PFapIokRtoyg8VLgYr-2tctlt4y0oN_5D_w0_h1_CeB9ElRC3HjivvVrZn2e-8c58A_CKCts3NFQBS2kUMIt2MGWRCbiNhYoyE9GqfdunYz6dJqenYrYBP9taGJ9W2drEylCbQvs78n2chEyD8pjvZ01axGwwent-EfgOUv5Pa9tOo4bIkV19x_DNHUwGuNevKR0NP7wbB02HgUBHVJSByJhSXCHDDBOvDNjr235mwkgrwYxWNkt7um9iFWs0HKnlKlGUZwnXyGIwsPKXoWj-N5GSM9qBzdnkZPb5zw1PL0J4h3GtiRpFoofY8u3GkRPxa17w776gcnCje__z0tyHuw2tJof1OXgAGzbfhjtt1bXbhp3huqIPBzYmzT0EN6-zhC0pMjJWOZn7TBUydCUenhUZLFwlJmVJWZDxyixbZ0GaEgtS12c4ssgJkmlSSbGUOPXXj6sTtci9UDbxdZV1LxjypcjtI_h4I4uxA50cX78LhNMYsWCFSo1ilJoEuUOcelvFdcxU2IWXLTLkeS04IjFQ8_iRa_x04YUHjfQKHrnf8DN16ZycvJ_Lw4SJJMGoO-7Cm2ZQVpRLpVVTcYEf4kW_ro3ca5ElGxvm5BpWj__9-DncRrzJ48n06AlsUd8gucpn3oNOuby0T-GW_lYu3PJZc0IIfL1p5P0GgV5WaQ
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Response+of+Han+River+Estuary+Discharge+to+Hydrological+Process+Changes+in+the+Tributary%E2%80%93Mainstem+Confluence+Zone&rft.jtitle=Sustainability&rft.au=Ouyang%2C+Shuo&rft.au=Xu%2C+Changjiang&rft.au=Xu%2C+Weifeng&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Junhong&rft.date=2025-07-01&rft.issn=2071-1050&rft.eissn=2071-1050&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=6507&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fsu17146507&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_3390_su17146507
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2071-1050&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2071-1050&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2071-1050&client=summon