Vitamin B12 levels in children and adolescents on plant-based diets: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract Context The popularity of plant-based diets, characterized by a partial or complete exclusion of animal products, has increased significantly over the last 10 years. The exclusion of animal products removes the most common sources of vitamin B12, which can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency and...
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| Vydané v: | Nutrition reviews Ročník 81; číslo 8; s. 951 - 966 |
|---|---|
| Hlavný autor: | |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
| Vydavateľské údaje: |
United States
Oxford University Press
10.07.2023
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| ISSN: | 0029-6643, 1753-4887, 1753-4887 |
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| Abstract | Abstract
Context
The popularity of plant-based diets, characterized by a partial or complete exclusion of animal products, has increased significantly over the last 10 years. The exclusion of animal products removes the most common sources of vitamin B12, which can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency and result in irreversible damage, such as growth stunting.
Objective
This aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to qualitatively evaluate all studies on this subject and to quantify the potential difference in vitamin B12 levels in healthy children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years.
Data Sources
PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies investigating vitamin B12 levels in healthy children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years on plant-based diets.
Data Extraction
Studies were assessed qualitatively with the AXIS tool and quantitatively with Stata 16.0 software.
Data Analysis
Overall, children and adolescents on plant-based diets had a significantly lower vitamin B12 level than omnivorous children and adolescents (−97 pmol/L; 95%CI, −187 to −7; I2 = 98.5%), a difference that remained statistically significant after adjusting for methodological confounders. After subgroup analyses, this effect was not statistically significant for children and adolescents on vegetarian diets but remained significant in children and adolescents on vegan or macrobiotic diets. Moreover, total vitamin B12 intake nullified the mean difference in vitamin B12 levels.
Conclusion
Despite high heterogeneity across studies, these results indicate that children and adolescents on plant-based diets, especially those on vegan and macrobiotic diets, may be at risk of developing vitamin B12 deficiency. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Abstract
Context
The popularity of plant-based diets, characterized by a partial or complete exclusion of animal products, has increased significantly over the last 10 years. The exclusion of animal products removes the most common sources of vitamin B12, which can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency and result in irreversible damage, such as growth stunting.
Objective
This aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to qualitatively evaluate all studies on this subject and to quantify the potential difference in vitamin B12 levels in healthy children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years.
Data Sources
PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies investigating vitamin B12 levels in healthy children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years on plant-based diets.
Data Extraction
Studies were assessed qualitatively with the AXIS tool and quantitatively with Stata 16.0 software.
Data Analysis
Overall, children and adolescents on plant-based diets had a significantly lower vitamin B12 level than omnivorous children and adolescents (−97 pmol/L; 95%CI, −187 to −7; I2 = 98.5%), a difference that remained statistically significant after adjusting for methodological confounders. After subgroup analyses, this effect was not statistically significant for children and adolescents on vegetarian diets but remained significant in children and adolescents on vegan or macrobiotic diets. Moreover, total vitamin B12 intake nullified the mean difference in vitamin B12 levels.
Conclusion
Despite high heterogeneity across studies, these results indicate that children and adolescents on plant-based diets, especially those on vegan and macrobiotic diets, may be at risk of developing vitamin B12 deficiency. The popularity of plant-based diets, characterized by a partial or complete exclusion of animal products, has increased significantly over the last 10 years. The exclusion of animal products removes the most common sources of vitamin B12, which can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency and result in irreversible damage, such as growth stunting.CONTEXTThe popularity of plant-based diets, characterized by a partial or complete exclusion of animal products, has increased significantly over the last 10 years. The exclusion of animal products removes the most common sources of vitamin B12, which can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency and result in irreversible damage, such as growth stunting.This aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to qualitatively evaluate all studies on this subject and to quantify the potential difference in vitamin B12 levels in healthy children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years.OBJECTIVEThis aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to qualitatively evaluate all studies on this subject and to quantify the potential difference in vitamin B12 levels in healthy children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years.PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies investigating vitamin B12 levels in healthy children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years on plant-based diets.DATA SOURCESPubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies investigating vitamin B12 levels in healthy children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years on plant-based diets.Studies were assessed qualitatively with the AXIS tool and quantitatively with Stata 16.0 software.DATA EXTRACTIONStudies were assessed qualitatively with the AXIS tool and quantitatively with Stata 16.0 software.Overall, children and adolescents on plant-based diets had a significantly lower vitamin B12 level than omnivorous children and adolescents (-97 pmol/L; 95%CI, -187 to -7; I2 = 98.5%), a difference that remained statistically significant after adjusting for methodological confounders. After subgroup analyses, this effect was not statistically significant for children and adolescents on vegetarian diets but remained significant in children and adolescents on vegan or macrobiotic diets. Moreover, total vitamin B12 intake nullified the mean difference in vitamin B12 levels.DATA ANALYSISOverall, children and adolescents on plant-based diets had a significantly lower vitamin B12 level than omnivorous children and adolescents (-97 pmol/L; 95%CI, -187 to -7; I2 = 98.5%), a difference that remained statistically significant after adjusting for methodological confounders. After subgroup analyses, this effect was not statistically significant for children and adolescents on vegetarian diets but remained significant in children and adolescents on vegan or macrobiotic diets. Moreover, total vitamin B12 intake nullified the mean difference in vitamin B12 levels.Despite high heterogeneity across studies, these results indicate that children and adolescents on plant-based diets, especially those on vegan and macrobiotic diets, may be at risk of developing vitamin B12 deficiency.CONCLUSIONDespite high heterogeneity across studies, these results indicate that children and adolescents on plant-based diets, especially those on vegan and macrobiotic diets, may be at risk of developing vitamin B12 deficiency. The popularity of plant-based diets, characterized by a partial or complete exclusion of animal products, has increased significantly over the last 10 years. The exclusion of animal products removes the most common sources of vitamin B12, which can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency and result in irreversible damage, such as growth stunting. This aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to qualitatively evaluate all studies on this subject and to quantify the potential difference in vitamin B12 levels in healthy children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies investigating vitamin B12 levels in healthy children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years on plant-based diets. Studies were assessed qualitatively with the AXIS tool and quantitatively with Stata 16.0 software. Overall, children and adolescents on plant-based diets had a significantly lower vitamin B12 level than omnivorous children and adolescents (-97 pmol/L; 95%CI, -187 to -7; I2 = 98.5%), a difference that remained statistically significant after adjusting for methodological confounders. After subgroup analyses, this effect was not statistically significant for children and adolescents on vegetarian diets but remained significant in children and adolescents on vegan or macrobiotic diets. Moreover, total vitamin B12 intake nullified the mean difference in vitamin B12 levels. Despite high heterogeneity across studies, these results indicate that children and adolescents on plant-based diets, especially those on vegan and macrobiotic diets, may be at risk of developing vitamin B12 deficiency. |
| Author | Jensen, Christopher F |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Christopher F orcidid: 0000-0001-7150-2946 surname: Jensen fullname: Jensen, Christopher F email: Christopherfiskerjensen@gmail.com |
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| Keywords | nutrition vitamin B adolescents children meta-analysis plant-based vegetarian macrobiotic vegan systematic review levels vitamin B12 levels |
| Language | English |
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The popularity of plant-based diets, characterized by a partial or complete exclusion of animal products, has increased significantly over the... The popularity of plant-based diets, characterized by a partial or complete exclusion of animal products, has increased significantly over the last 10 years.... |
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| Title | Vitamin B12 levels in children and adolescents on plant-based diets: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
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