Chatbots applications in education: A systematic review

The introduction of Artificial Intelligence technology enables the integration of Chatbot systems into various aspects of education. This technology is increasingly being used for educational purposes. Chatbot technology has the potential to provide quick and personalised services to everyone in the...

Celý popis

Uložené v:
Podrobná bibliografia
Vydané v:Computers and education. Artificial intelligence Ročník 2; s. 100033
Hlavní autori: Okonkwo, Chinedu Wilfred, Ade-Ibijola, Abejide
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Elsevier Ltd 2021
Elsevier
Predmet:
ISSN:2666-920X, 2666-920X
On-line prístup:Získať plný text
Tagy: Pridať tag
Žiadne tagy, Buďte prvý, kto otaguje tento záznam!
Abstract The introduction of Artificial Intelligence technology enables the integration of Chatbot systems into various aspects of education. This technology is increasingly being used for educational purposes. Chatbot technology has the potential to provide quick and personalised services to everyone in the sector, including institutional employees and students. This paper presents a systematic review of previous studies on the use of Chatbots in education. A systematic review approach was used to analyse 53 articles from recognised digital databases. The review results provide a comprehensive understanding of prior research related to the use of Chatbots in education, including information on existing studies, benefits, and challenges, as well as future research areas on the implementation of Chatbot technology in the field of education. The implications of the findings were discussed, and suggestions were made.
AbstractList The introduction of Artificial Intelligence technology enables the integration of Chatbot systems into various aspects of education. This technology is increasingly being used for educational purposes. Chatbot technology has the potential to provide quick and personalised services to everyone in the sector, including institutional employees and students. This paper presents a systematic review of previous studies on the use of Chatbots in education. A systematic review approach was used to analyse 53 articles from recognised digital databases. The review results provide a comprehensive understanding of prior research related to the use of Chatbots in education, including information on existing studies, benefits, and challenges, as well as future research areas on the implementation of Chatbot technology in the field of education. The implications of the findings were discussed, and suggestions were made.
ArticleNumber 100033
Author Okonkwo, Chinedu Wilfred
Ade-Ibijola, Abejide
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Chinedu Wilfred
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8135-7738
  surname: Okonkwo
  fullname: Okonkwo, Chinedu Wilfred
  email: chineduo@uj.ac.za
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Abejide
  surname: Ade-Ibijola
  fullname: Ade-Ibijola, Abejide
  email: abejideai@uj.ac.za
BookMark eNp9kN1KAzEQhYMoWGufwJt9ga2b300EL0rxp1DwRsG7kE1mNct2tySr0rc37SqIF72amcOcw8x3gU67vgOErnAxxwUW183cGjB-TgqCk1IUlJ6gCRFC5IoUr6d_-nM0i7FJK4RjiksxQeXy3QxVP8TMbLett2bwfRcz32XgPsbpJltkcRcH2KTRZgE-PXxdorPatBFmP3WKXu7vnpeP-frpYbVcrHNLiaI5K51w1Ki6Ulw5V8qSsUJizmpgjoLikqqSOsupEFWFHQdnuOIVpo6xMslTtBpzXW8avQ1-Y8JO98brg9CHN21COqsFLQl2UjprODOskrziTDjMSW1TkJIiZakxy4Y-xgC1tn44vDgE41uNC70Hqht9AKr3QPUINHnpP-_vLcddt6MLEqKELehoPXQWnA9gh_SDP-r_Btb6kGs
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2023_3268224
crossref_primary_10_3390_app14010459
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13437_022_00284_0
crossref_primary_10_59231_SARI7600
crossref_primary_10_3389_fcomm_2025_1479813
crossref_primary_10_3390_computers14030100
crossref_primary_10_3390_educsci14091034
crossref_primary_10_1080_14703297_2025_2534189
crossref_primary_10_30738_tijes_v5i1_16274
crossref_primary_10_3390_jpm14080877
crossref_primary_10_3390_technologies13010001
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2022_3225555
crossref_primary_10_20310_1810_0201_2025_30_2_395_409
crossref_primary_10_3390_app13148114
crossref_primary_10_17323_jle_2025_17642
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_022_11506_6
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jchemed_4c00766
crossref_primary_10_1088_1361_6404_ad1420
crossref_primary_10_1177_00472395231196532
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_024_12850_5
crossref_primary_10_1080_23735082_2023_2258886
crossref_primary_10_1080_08832323_2023_2260929
crossref_primary_10_1080_0952813X_2025_2511091
crossref_primary_10_3390_mti9070065
crossref_primary_10_32517_0234_0453_2024_39_4_41_50
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40593_024_00403_3
crossref_primary_10_1108_JRIT_01_2024_0017
crossref_primary_10_1080_07380569_2024_2435306
crossref_primary_10_1080_10494820_2024_2430632
crossref_primary_10_12720_jait_16_9_1295_1306
crossref_primary_10_3390_educsci14050503
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jchemed_3c00520
crossref_primary_10_3389_feduc_2024_1321547
crossref_primary_10_3390_a18060352
crossref_primary_10_1108_JARHE_10_2023_0463
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2025_3556121
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00521_025_11618_3
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_023_11742_4
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_024_12485_6
crossref_primary_10_55813_gaea_jessr_v4_n3_124
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2023_1184016
crossref_primary_10_4018_JCIT_324113
crossref_primary_10_2478_exell_2023_0008
crossref_primary_10_1080_23311886_2025_2476044
crossref_primary_10_1108_JOSM_02_2024_0082
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_023_12249_8
crossref_primary_10_3390_mti7110103
crossref_primary_10_1080_10447318_2023_2226495
crossref_primary_10_1080_23311886_2023_2252256
crossref_primary_10_1109_TEM_2023_3237789
crossref_primary_10_3390_su151612451
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2023_1129070
crossref_primary_10_3390_computers14070270
crossref_primary_10_3389_frai_2024_1436350
crossref_primary_10_1080_10447318_2025_2532710
crossref_primary_10_1177_07356331221077901
crossref_primary_10_1080_10494820_2023_2277761
crossref_primary_10_3390_ejihpe13090140
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_024_12749_1
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_024_12787_9
crossref_primary_10_3390_informatics9040088
crossref_primary_10_1080_10447318_2025_2532712
crossref_primary_10_17645_mac_9508
crossref_primary_10_3390_ai4040051
crossref_primary_10_3390_app15084234
crossref_primary_10_33206_mjss_1638526
crossref_primary_10_1080_10447318_2023_2278283
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2024_3476953
crossref_primary_10_3390_app15084473
crossref_primary_10_1080_15391523_2025_2504358
crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_88969
crossref_primary_10_3390_educsci13080803
crossref_primary_10_2196_39157
crossref_primary_10_31129_LUMAT_13_1_2755
crossref_primary_10_33225_jbse_23_22_568
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13369_025_10626_8
crossref_primary_10_3390_biomedicines11061623
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2025_3552501
crossref_primary_10_3390_su15042940
crossref_primary_10_1177_14727978251361524
crossref_primary_10_1177_1932202X251356323
crossref_primary_10_2196_76574
crossref_primary_10_1080_10401334_2025_2521001
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_024_13235_4
crossref_primary_10_1080_0020739X_2024_2357341
crossref_primary_10_3102_0013189X241232995
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_024_12898_3
crossref_primary_10_3390_bdcc7010035
crossref_primary_10_1080_10494820_2024_2388782
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_caeai_2024_100358
crossref_primary_10_1186_s41239_024_00480_3
crossref_primary_10_1108_RSR_05_2022_0020
crossref_primary_10_1057_s41599_024_02751_w
crossref_primary_10_1145_3704806
crossref_primary_10_1080_1547688X_2025_2475811
crossref_primary_10_1080_00220671_2025_2510387
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40670_025_02303_0
crossref_primary_10_3390_agriengineering4010006
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2023_3253388
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_024_12671_6
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10758_024_09804_8
crossref_primary_10_1111_ijal_12658
crossref_primary_10_18502_kss_v10i14_19136
crossref_primary_10_3390_info16040275
crossref_primary_10_1080_10494820_2025_2450659
crossref_primary_10_1080_15391523_2023_2255698
crossref_primary_10_3390_informatics11020020
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijinfomgt_2023_102642
crossref_primary_10_1155_acis_4728280
crossref_primary_10_3390_info14090503
crossref_primary_10_1080_10447318_2024_2338330
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2025_3574641
crossref_primary_10_3390_su15021668
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10805_023_09492_6
crossref_primary_10_38159_jelt_2025652
crossref_primary_10_3389_feduc_2025_1560074
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jchemed_3c00027
crossref_primary_10_1177_03400352241252974
crossref_primary_10_29333_ejmste_13313
crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevPhysEducRes_19_020159
crossref_primary_10_1155_2024_6671359
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_025_13369_z
crossref_primary_10_3389_frai_2024_1329605
crossref_primary_10_21556_edutec_2025_92_3849
crossref_primary_10_3390_ai5020041
crossref_primary_10_1108_JRIM_05_2024_0237
crossref_primary_10_1177_00207640231178451
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13198_023_02230_6
crossref_primary_10_30935_cedtech_14564
crossref_primary_10_1108_ITSE_12_2022_0165
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41562_024_01985_7
crossref_primary_10_1177_21582440251365438
crossref_primary_10_3390_asi7010017
crossref_primary_10_1111_jcal_13105
crossref_primary_10_31893_multiscience_2025583
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jchemed_4c00247
crossref_primary_10_1108_JARHE_12_2024_0702
crossref_primary_10_3389_feduc_2025_1604934
crossref_primary_10_3390_fi16060218
crossref_primary_10_2196_77332
crossref_primary_10_1177_21582440251321853
crossref_primary_10_3390_educsci14060590
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00500_022_06957_5
crossref_primary_10_1080_1750399X_2025_2507540
crossref_primary_10_56294_mw2025424
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11390_024_2883_4
crossref_primary_10_1111_eje_13135
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_amper_2025_100224
crossref_primary_10_1007_s42322_024_00187_z
crossref_primary_10_1111_ijal_12574
crossref_primary_10_32329_uad_1557111
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_025_13403_0
crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevPhysEducRes_19_010142
crossref_primary_10_3390_info14080460
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_024_13293_8
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jchemed_4c01552
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11423_025_10523_9
crossref_primary_10_1186_s40561_024_00319_4
crossref_primary_10_30935_cedtech_13948
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_023_12076_x
crossref_primary_10_1109_TLT_2024_3383773
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10791_025_09589_z
crossref_primary_10_1080_14790726_2023_2285091
crossref_primary_10_3390_educsci13111151
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jchemed_3c00500
crossref_primary_10_1145_3579505
crossref_primary_10_3390_app12178427
crossref_primary_10_1111_bjet_13413
crossref_primary_10_1177_07356331241312365
crossref_primary_10_3389_feduc_2024_1459303
crossref_primary_10_1109_TLT_2024_3523199
crossref_primary_10_3389_feduc_2023_1206936
crossref_primary_10_3390_info14090492
crossref_primary_10_1080_0194262X_2023_2238198
crossref_primary_10_1155_2021_3773414
crossref_primary_10_24106_kefdergi_1750218
crossref_primary_10_52358_mm_vi20_424
crossref_primary_10_1002_fer3_9
crossref_primary_10_1155_2024_5876780
crossref_primary_10_17323_jle_2024_18708
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2023_1260109
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jchemed_4c00165
crossref_primary_10_1080_0144929X_2024_2317364
crossref_primary_10_2478_eurodl_2024_0007
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10805_025_09658_4
crossref_primary_10_3389_frai_2025_1577911
crossref_primary_10_5772_acrt_20240048
crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_36034
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10209_024_01118_x
crossref_primary_10_3390_su17157092
crossref_primary_10_1177_02734753241266170
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_joitmc_2025_100590
crossref_primary_10_1109_TE_2024_3435427
crossref_primary_10_3390_su151712921
crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_43314
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_024_12977_5
crossref_primary_10_1088_1755_1315_1415_1_012011
crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2025_1558313
crossref_primary_10_1080_0144929X_2023_2286528
crossref_primary_10_1108_GKMC_02_2024_0068
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10639_022_11162_w
crossref_primary_10_3390_medicines10100058
crossref_primary_10_1111_inr_70056
crossref_primary_10_3390_computers14030096
crossref_primary_10_53048_johass_1621817
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2024_3380909
crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_9601630
crossref_primary_10_1108_IDD_10_2023_0119
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2024_3443621
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11257_024_09397_y
crossref_primary_10_2196_48254
crossref_primary_10_1080_02602938_2025_2487495
crossref_primary_10_24106_kefdergi_1748350
Cites_doi 10.1109/TLT.2017.2682084
10.1109/TE.2018.2864133
10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113193
10.1007/s10639-020-10159-7
10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.08.005
10.1162/COLI_a_00313
10.1080/24750158.2019.1611694
10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988510
10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.09.018
10.1016/j.future.2018.01.055
10.1097/ACM.0000000000002044
10.1016/j.jnca.2016.10.009
10.1002/cae.22326
10.1016/j.procs.2019.12.154
10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
10.1016/j.ijhcs.2021.102630
10.4103/2249-4863.109934
10.1016/j.chb.2020.106627
10.1007/s40593-015-0086-4
10.1145/365153.365168
10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103862
10.1016/0004-3702(71)90002-6
10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.04.024
10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988252
10.1016/j.mlwa.2020.100006
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2021 The Authors
Copyright_xml – notice: 2021 The Authors
DBID 6I.
AAFTH
AAYXX
CITATION
DOA
DOI 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033
DatabaseName ScienceDirect Open Access Titles
Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access
CrossRef
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
DatabaseTitleList

Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Education
EISSN 2666-920X
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_821d88dca54a4b85b546d152fc7c5986
10_1016_j_caeai_2021_100033
S2666920X21000278
GroupedDBID 6I.
AAEDW
AAFTH
AAXUO
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMRAJ
FDB
GROUPED_DOAJ
M~E
OK1
ROL
0R~
AALRI
AAYWO
AAYXX
ACVFH
ADCNI
ADVLN
AEUPX
AFJKZ
AFPUW
AIGII
AITUG
AKBMS
AKYEP
APXCP
CITATION
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c3293-47d6d3a9fb959dd7874408154fe4d3e9583973dc5366bb1d5eda595b13d447c53
IEDL.DBID DOA
ISSN 2666-920X
IngestDate Fri Oct 03 12:41:07 EDT 2025
Thu Nov 20 00:44:39 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 21:16:30 EST 2025
Tue Jul 25 20:59:14 EDT 2023
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Keywords Chatbots in education
Benefits of chatbots
Systematic review
Artificial intelligence
Challenges of chatbots
Language English
License This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c3293-47d6d3a9fb959dd7874408154fe4d3e9583973dc5366bb1d5eda595b13d447c53
ORCID 0000-0001-8135-7738
OpenAccessLink https://doaj.org/article/821d88dca54a4b85b546d152fc7c5986
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_821d88dca54a4b85b546d152fc7c5986
crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_caeai_2021_100033
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_caeai_2021_100033
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_caeai_2021_100033
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2021
2021-00-00
2021-01-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2021-01-01
PublicationDate_xml – year: 2021
  text: 2021
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationTitle Computers and education. Artificial intelligence
PublicationYear 2021
Publisher Elsevier Ltd
Elsevier
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier Ltd
– name: Elsevier
References Rahman, Al Mamun, Islam (bib57) 2017
Huang, Zhu, Gao (bib30) 2020; 38
Lin, Tsai (bib38) 2019
Sandu, Gide (bib67) 2019
Song, Oh, Rice (bib72) 2017
Wartman, Combs (bib79) 2018; 93
Paschoal, de Oliveira, Chicon (bib54) 2018
Snyder (bib71) 2019; 104
Mendoza, Hernandez-Leon, Sanchez-Adame, Rodrıguez, De- couchant, Meneses-Viveros (bib43) 2020
Alias, Sainin, Fun, Daut (bib4) 2019
D'Silva, Jani, Jadhav, Bhoir, Amin (bib19) 2020
de Barcelos Silva, Gomes, da Costa, da Rosa Righi, Barbosa, Pessin, De Doncker, Federizzi (bib7) 2020; 147
Chatterjee, Bhattacharjee (bib11) 2020; 25
Hwang, Xie, Wah, Gasevic (bib31) 2020
Roos (bib63) 2018
Mor, Santanach, Tesconi, Casado (bib46) 2018
Wu, Lin, Ou, Liu, Wang, Chao (bib83) 2020; 8
Brandtzaeg, Følstad (bib10) 2017
Murad, Irsan, Akhirianto, Fernando, Murad, Wijaya (bib47) 2019
Gopalakrishnan, Ganeshkumar (bib23) 2013; 2
Weizenbaum (bib80) 1966; 9
Chen, Chen, Lin (bib12) 2020; 8
Colby, Weber, Hilf (bib16) 1971; 2
Medeiros, Ramalho, Falcao (bib42) 2018; 62
Ciupe, Mititica, Meza, Orza (bib14) 2019
Mabunda, Ade-Ibijola (bib39) 2019
Ruan, Willis, Xu, Davis, Jiang, Brunskill, Landay (bib66) 2019
Sinha, Basak, Dey, Mondal (bib69) 2020
Adamopoulou, Moussiades (bib2) 2020; 2
Pérez, Daradoumis, Puig (bib55) 2020; 28
Hien, Cuong, Nam, Nhung, Thang (bib26) 2018
Augello, Gentile, Weideveld, Dignum (bib5) 2016
Molnar, Szuts (bib45) 2018
Mckie, Narayan (bib41) 2019; 68
Benotti, Martnez, Schapachnik (bib9) 2017; 11
Sreelakshmi, Abhinaya, Nair, Nirmala (bib73) 2019
Okonkwo, Ade-Ibijola (bib51) 2020; 29
Marietto, de Aguiar, Barbosa, Botelho, Pimentel, Franca, da Silva (bib40) 2013
Pham, Pham, Nguyen, Nguyen, Cao (bib56) 2018
Reis, Paulino, Paredes, Barroso, Monteiro, Rodrigues, Barroso (bib60) 2018
Hiremath, Hajare, Bhosale, Nanaware, Wagh (bib27) 2018; 4
Murtarelli, Gregory, Romenti (bib48) 2021; 129
Cunningham-Nelson, Boles, Trouton, Margerison (bib18) 2019
Ismail, Ade-Ibijola (bib32) 2019
Ndukwe, Daniel, Amadi (bib49) 2019
Smutny, Schreiberova (bib70) 2020; 151
Abu-Alsaad (bib1) 2019
Rooein (bib62) 2019
Grosz (bib25) 2018; 44
Wallace (bib78) 2009
Zhao, Song, Sun (bib85) 2020; 47
Graesser (bib24) 2016; 26
Troussas, Krouska, Virvou (bib75) 2017
Kitchenham, Charters (bib33) 2007; 45
Hobert (bib28) 2019
Ciechanowski, Przegalinska, Magnuski, Gloor (bib13) 2019; 92
Lee, Jo, Kim, Kang (bib36) 2019
Wohlin, Runeson, Host, Ohlsson, Regnell, Wesslen (bib82) 2012
Behera, Bala, Dhir (bib8) 2019; 129
Clarizia, Colace, Lombardi, Pascale, Santaniello (bib15) 2018
Okonkwo, Huisman, Taylor (bib52) 2019
Aznoli, Navimipour (bib6) 2017; 77
Mikic-Fonte, Llamas-Nistal, Caeiro-Rodrıguez (bib44) 2018
Akcora, Belli, Berardi, Casola, Di Blas, Falletta, Faraotti, Lodi, Diaz, Paolini (bib3) 2018
Rapp, Curti, Boldi (bib59) 2021
Kumar, Chandar, Prasad, Sumangali (bib34) 2016
Shumanov, Johnson (bib68) 2021; 117
Rosruen, Samanchuen (bib64) 2018
Turing (bib76) 2009
Thomas (bib74) 2020; 4
Rohrig, Heß (bib61) 2019; 27
Ureta, Rivera (bib77) 2018
Ranoliya, Raghuwanshi, Singh (bib58) 2017
Lam, Chan, See (bib35) 2018
Winkler, Soellner (bib81) 2018
Yang, Evans (bib84) 2019
Dsouza, Sahu, Patil, Kalbande (bib20) 2019
Elnozahy, El Khayat, Cheniti-Belcadhi, Said (bib22) 2019; 164
Ondas, Pleva, Hladek (bib53) 2019
Crockett, Latham, Whitton (bib17) 2017; 97
Ho, Lee, Lo, Lui (bib29) 2018
Ruane, Birhane, Ventresque (bib65) 2019
Durall, Kapros (bib21) 2020
Nguyen, Pham, Tran, Le (bib50) 2019
Lin, Chang (bib37) 2020; 23
Brandtzaeg (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib10) 2017
Shumanov (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib68) 2021; 117
Molnar (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib45) 2018
Rooein (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib62) 2019
Grosz (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib25) 2018; 44
Rapp (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib59) 2021
Rohrig (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib61) 2019; 27
Chatterjee (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib11) 2020; 25
Chen (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib12) 2020; 8
Ranoliya (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib58) 2017
Gopalakrishnan (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib23) 2013; 2
Mor (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib46) 2018
Zhao (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib85) 2020; 47
Huang (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib30) 2020; 38
Benotti (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib9) 2017; 11
Mckie (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib41) 2019; 68
Paschoal (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib54) 2018
Crockett (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib17) 2017; 97
de Barcelos Silva (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib7) 2020; 147
Pham (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib56) 2018
Lin (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib37) 2020; 23
Murtarelli (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib48) 2021; 129
Sandu (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib67) 2019
Pérez (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib55) 2020; 28
Turing (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib76) 2009
Colby (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib16) 1971; 2
Rahman (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib57) 2017
Ciechanowski (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib13) 2019; 92
Ho (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib29) 2018
Wohlin (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib82) 2012
Ondas (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib53) 2019
Song (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib72) 2017
Abu-Alsaad (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib1) 2019
Rosruen (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib64) 2018
Kitchenham (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib33) 2007; 45
Wartman (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib79) 2018; 93
Ndukwe (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib49) 2019
Ruan (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib66) 2019
Reis (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib60) 2018
Wu (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib83) 2020; 8
Sreelakshmi (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib73) 2019
Marietto (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib40) 2013
Murad (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib47) 2019
Hiremath (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib27) 2018; 4
Kumar (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib34) 2016
Ureta (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib77) 2018
Yang (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib84) 2019
Roos (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib63) 2018
Akcora (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib3) 2018
D'Silva (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib19) 2020
Behera (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib8) 2019; 129
Okonkwo (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib51) 2020; 29
Okonkwo (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib52) 2019
Smutny (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib70) 2020; 151
Cunningham-Nelson (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib18) 2019
Hwang (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib31) 2020
Winkler (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib81) 2018
Hien (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib26) 2018
Ismail (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib32) 2019
Troussas (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib75) 2017
Wallace (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib78) 2009
Graesser (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib24) 2016; 26
Alias (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib4) 2019
Mabunda (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib39) 2019
Aznoli (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib6) 2017; 77
Medeiros (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib42) 2018; 62
Snyder (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib71) 2019; 104
Ciupe (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib14) 2019
Hobert (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib28) 2019
Lam (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib35) 2018
Sinha (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib69) 2020
Adamopoulou (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib2) 2020; 2
Augello (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib5) 2016
Lin (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib38) 2019
Mendoza (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib43) 2020
Mikic-Fonte (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib44) 2018
Durall (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib21) 2020
Weizenbaum (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib80) 1966; 9
Clarizia (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib15) 2018
Dsouza (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib20) 2019
Lee (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib36) 2019
Ruane (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib65) 2019
Elnozahy (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib22) 2019; 164
Thomas (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib74) 2020; 4
Nguyen (10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib50) 2019
References_xml – year: 2019
  ident: bib53
  article-title: How chatbots can be involved in the education process
  publication-title: In 2019 17th international conference on emerging eLearning technologies and applications (ICETA), pages 575–580. IEEE
– volume: 38
  start-page: 1
  year: 2020
  end-page: 32
  ident: bib30
  article-title: Challenges in building intelligent open- domain dialog systems
  publication-title: ACM Transactions on Information Systems
– volume: 62
  start-page: 77
  year: 2018
  end-page: 90
  ident: bib42
  article-title: A systematic literature review on teaching and learning introductory programming in higher education
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Education
– year: 2018
  ident: bib46
  article-title: Codelab: Designing a conversation-based educational tool for learning to code
  publication-title: International conference on human-computer interaction
– volume: 8
  start-page: 77788
  year: 2020
  end-page: 77801
  ident: bib83
  article-title: Advantages and constraints of a hybrid model k-12 e-learning assistant chatbot
  publication-title: IEEE Access
– volume: 45
  start-page: 1051
  year: 2007
  ident: bib33
  article-title: Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering version 2.3
  publication-title: Engineering
– year: 2020
  ident: bib31
  article-title: Vision, challenges, roles, and research issues of artificial intelligence in education
– volume: 104
  start-page: 333
  year: 2019
  end-page: 339
  ident: bib71
  article-title: Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines
  publication-title: Journal of Business Research
– year: 2019
  ident: bib4
  article-title: Identification of conversational intent pattern using pattern-growth technique for academic chatbot
  publication-title: International conference on multi-disciplinary trends in artificial intel- ligence
– year: 2009
  ident: bib76
  article-title: Computing machinery and intelligence
  publication-title: Parsing the turing test
– volume: 25
  start-page: 3443
  year: 2020
  end-page: 3463
  ident: bib11
  article-title: Adoption of artificial intelligence in higher education: A quantitative analysis using structural equation modelling
  publication-title: Education and Information Technologies
– year: 2018
  ident: bib26
  article-title: Intelligent assistants in higher-education environments: The fit-ebot, a chatbot for administrative and learning support
  publication-title: Proceedings of the ninth international symposium on information and communication tech- nology
– year: 2018
  ident: bib3
  article-title: Conversational support for education
  publication-title: International conference on artificial intelligence in education
– year: 2018
  ident: bib45
  article-title: The role of chatbots in formal education
  publication-title: In 2018 IEEE 16th international symposium on intelligent systems and infor- matics (SISY), pages 000197–000202. IEEE
– volume: 97
  start-page: 98
  year: 2017
  end-page: 115
  ident: bib17
  article-title: On predicting learning styles in conversational intelligent tutoring systems using fuzzy decision trees
  publication-title: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
– volume: 9
  start-page: 36
  year: 1966
  end-page: 45
  ident: bib80
  article-title: Eliza—a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine
  publication-title: Communications of the ACM
– volume: 151
  start-page: 103862
  year: 2020
  ident: bib70
  article-title: Chatbots for learning: A review of educational chatbots for the Facebook messenger
  publication-title: Computers & Education
– year: 2018
  ident: bib64
  article-title: Chatbot utilization for medical consul- tant system
  publication-title: 2018 3rd technology innovation management and engineering science international conference
– year: 2016
  ident: bib5
  article-title: A model of a social chatbot
  publication-title: Intelligent interactive multimedia systems and services 2016
– year: 2020
  ident: bib19
  article-title: Career counselling chatbot using cognitive science and artificial intelligence
  publication-title: Advanced computing technologies and applications
– volume: 77
  start-page: 73
  year: 2017
  end-page: 86
  ident: bib6
  article-title: Cloud services recommendation: Re- viewing the recent advances and suggesting the future research directions
  publication-title: Journal of Network and Computer Applications
– volume: 11
  start-page: 179
  year: 2017
  end-page: 192
  ident: bib9
  article-title: A tool for introducing computer science with automatic formative assessment
  publication-title: IEEE transactions on learning technologies
– volume: 129
  start-page: 154
  year: 2019
  end-page: 166
  ident: bib8
  article-title: The emerging role of cognitive computing in healthcare: A systematic literature review
  publication-title: International Journal of Medical Informatics
– year: 2019
  ident: bib38
  article-title: A conversational assistant on mobile devices for primitive learners of computer programming
  publication-title: 2019 IEEE international conference on engineering, technology and education (TALE), pages 1–4. IEEE
– year: 2017
  ident: bib75
  article-title: Integrating an adjusted conversational agent into a mobile-assisted language learning application
  publication-title: 2017 IEEE 29th international conference on tools with artificial intelligence (ICTAI), pages 1153–1157. IEEE
– volume: 117
  start-page: 106627
  year: 2021
  ident: bib68
  article-title: Making conversations with chatbots more personalized
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
– year: 2018
  ident: bib54
  article-title: A chatterbot sensitive to student's context to help on software engineering education
  publication-title: 2018 XLIV Latin American computer conference (CLEI)
– volume: 164
  start-page: 56
  year: 2019
  end-page: 63
  ident: bib22
  article-title: Question answering system to support university students' orientation, recruitment, and retention
  publication-title: Procedia Computer Science
– volume: 47
  year: 2020
  ident: bib85
  article-title: Apihelper: Helping junior android programmers learn API usage
  publication-title: IAENG International Journal of Computer Science
– year: 2019
  ident: bib39
  article-title: Pathbot: An intelligent chatbot for guiding visitors and locating venues
  publication-title: In 2019 6th international conference on soft computing & machine intelligence (ISCMI), pages 160–168. IEEE
– year: 2019
  ident: bib73
  article-title: A question answering and quiz generation chatbot for education
  publication-title: 2019 grace hopper celebration India (GHCI), pages 1–6. IEEE
– volume: 8
  start-page: 75264
  year: 2020
  end-page: 75278
  ident: bib12
  article-title: Artificial intelligence in education: A review
  publication-title: Ieee Access
– year: 2018
  ident: bib81
  article-title: Unleashing the potential of chatbots in education: A state-of-the-art analysis
– volume: 2
  start-page: 9
  year: 2013
  ident: bib23
  article-title: Systematic reviews and meta- analysis: Understanding the best evidence in primary healthcare
  publication-title: Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
– year: 2018
  ident: bib44
  article-title: Using a chatterbot as a faq assistant in a course about computers architecture
  publication-title: 2018 IEEE frontiers in education conference (FIE), pages 1–4. IEEE
– year: 2019
  ident: bib66
  article-title: Bookbuddy: Turning digital materials into interactive foreign language lessons through a voice chatbot
  publication-title: Proceedings of the sixth (2019) ACM conference on learning@ scale, pages 1–4
– year: 2020
  ident: bib43
  article-title: Supporting student-teacher interaction through a chatbot
  publication-title: International conference on human- computer interaction
– year: 2018
  ident: bib15
  article-title: Chatbot: An education support system for student
  publication-title: International symposium on cyberspace safety and security
– year: 2018
  ident: bib35
  article-title: Converse, connect and consolidate– the development of an artificial intelligence chatbot for health sciences education
  publication-title: Frontiers in medical and health sciences education conference
– volume: 28
  start-page: 1549
  year: 2020
  end-page: 1565
  ident: bib55
  article-title: Rediscovering the use of chatbots in education: A systematic literature review
  publication-title: Computer Applications in Engineering Education
– year: 2018
  ident: bib29
  article-title: Developing a chatbot for college student programme advisement
  publication-title: 2018 international symposium on educational technology (ISET), pages 52–56. IEEE
– volume: 4
  start-page: 786
  year: 2020
  end-page: 788
  ident: bib74
  article-title: Critical literature review on chatbots in education
  publication-title: International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development
– year: 2018
  ident: bib60
  article-title: Using intelligent personal assistants to assist the elderlies an evaluation of amazon alexa, google assistant, Microsoft Cortana, and apple siri
  publication-title: 2018 2nd international conference on technology and innovation in sports, health and wellbeing (TISHW), pages 1–5. IEEE
– start-page: 102630
  year: 2021
  ident: bib59
  article-title: The human side of human-chatbot interaction: A systematic literature review of ten years of research on text- based chatbots
  publication-title: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
– year: 2020
  ident: bib69
  article-title: An educational chatbot for answering queries
  publication-title: Emerging technology in modelling and graphics
– year: 2017
  ident: bib57
  article-title: Programming challenges of chatbot: Current and future prospective
  publication-title: 2017 IEEE region 10 humanitarian technology conference (R10-HTC), pages 75–78. IEEE
– year: 2018
  ident: bib56
  publication-title: Chatbot as an intelligent personal assistant for mobile language learning in Proceedings of the 2018 2nd International Conference on Education and E-Learning, pages 16–21
– volume: 93
  start-page: 1107
  year: 2018
  end-page: 1109
  ident: bib79
  article-title: Medical education must move from the information age to the age of artificial intelligence
  publication-title: Academic Medicine
– year: 2019
  ident: bib20
  article-title: Chat with bots intelligently: A critical review & analysis
  publication-title: 2019 international conference on advances in computing, communication and control (ICAC3), pages 1–6. IEEE
– year: 2019
  ident: bib62
  article-title: Data-driven edu chatbots
  publication-title: companion proceedings of the 2019 world wide web conference, pages 46–49
– year: 2020
  ident: bib21
  article-title: Co-design for a competency self-assessment chatbot and survey in science education
  publication-title: International conference on human-computer interaction
– year: 2019
  ident: bib49
  article-title: A machine learning grading system using chatbots
  publication-title: International conference on artificial intelligence in education
– volume: 2
  start-page: 100006
  year: 2020
  ident: bib2
  article-title: Chatbots: History, technology, and applications
  publication-title: Machine Learning with Applications
– year: 2019
  ident: bib18
  article-title: A review of chatbots in education: Practical steps forward
  publication-title: 30th annual conference for the australasian association for engineering education (AAEE 2019): Educators becoming agents of change: Innovate, integrate
– year: 2019
  ident: bib84
  article-title: Opportunities and challenges in using ai chatbots in higher education
  publication-title: Proceedings of the 2019 3rd international conference
– year: 2017
  ident: bib58
  article-title: Chatbot for university related faqs
  publication-title: 2017 international conference on advances in computing, communications, and informatics (ICACCI), pages 1525–1530. IEEE
– year: 2019
  ident: bib14
  article-title: Learning agile with intelligent conversational agents
  publication-title: 2019 IEEE global engineering education conference (EDUCON), pages 1100–1107. IEEE
– year: 2013
  ident: bib40
  article-title: Artificial intelligence Markup Language: A brief tutorial
– year: 2012
  ident: bib82
  article-title: Systematic literature reviews
  publication-title: Experimentation in software engineering
– year: 2017
  ident: bib72
  article-title: Interacting with a conversational agent system for educational purposes in online courses
  publication-title: 2017 10th international conference on human system interactions (HSI), pages 78–82. IEEE
– year: 2019
  ident: bib50
  article-title: Intelligent tutoring chatbot for solving mathematical problems in high school
  publication-title: 2019 11th international conference on knowledge and systems engineering (KSE), pages 1–6. IEEE
– year: 2019
  ident: bib1
  article-title: Agent applications in e-learning systems and current development and challenges of adaptive e-learning systems
  publication-title: 2019 11th international conference on electronics, Computers and artificial intelligence (ECAI), pages 1–6. IEEE
– year: 2019
  ident: bib36
  article-title: Can chatbots help reduce the workload of administrative officers? -implementing and deploying faq chatbot service in a university
  publication-title: International conference on human-computer interaction
– volume: 26
  start-page: 124
  year: 2016
  end-page: 132
  ident: bib24
  article-title: Conversations with autotutor help students learn
  publication-title: Ternational Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
– volume: 29
  year: 2020
  ident: bib51
  article-title: Python-bot: A chatbot for teaching python programming
  publication-title: Engineering Letters
– year: 2019
  ident: bib47
  article-title: Learning support system using chatbot in” kejar c package” homeschooling program
  publication-title: 2019 international conference on in- formation and communications technology (ICOIACT), pages 32–37. IEEE
– volume: 129
  start-page: 927
  year: 2021
  end-page: 935
  ident: bib48
  article-title: A conversation-based perspective for shaping ethical human–machine interactions: The challenge of chatbots
  publication-title: Journal of Business Research
– year: 2019
  ident: bib28
  article-title: Say hello to ‘coding tutor’! design and evaluation of a chatbot-based learning system supporting students to learn to program
– year: 2018
  ident: bib77
  article-title: Using chatbots to teach stem related research concepts to high school students
– volume: 92
  start-page: 539
  year: 2019
  end-page: 548
  ident: bib13
  article-title: In the shades of the uncanny valley: An experimental study of human–chatbot interaction
  publication-title: Future Generation Computer Systems
– volume: 4
  start-page: 37
  year: 2018
  end-page: 43
  ident: bib27
  article-title: Chatbot for education system
  publication-title: International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas, and Innovations in Technology
– year: 2016
  ident: bib34
  article-title: An- droid based educational chatbot for visually impaired people
  publication-title: 2016 IEEE international conference on computational intelligence and computing Re- search (ICCIC), pages 1–4. IEEE
– start-page: 104
  year: 2019
  end-page: 115
  ident: bib65
  article-title: Conversational ai: Social and ethical considerations
– year: 2019
  ident: bib32
  article-title: Lecturer's apprentice: A chatbot for assisting novice programmers
  publication-title: 2019 international multidisciplinary information technology and engineering conference (IMITEC), pages 1–8. IEEE
– volume: 2
  start-page: 1
  year: 1971
  end-page: 25
  ident: bib16
  article-title: Artificial paranoia
  publication-title: Artificial Intelligence
– year: 2018
  ident: bib63
  article-title: Chatbots in education: A passing trend or a valuable pedagogical tool?
– volume: 68
  start-page: 268
  year: 2019
  end-page: 277
  ident: bib41
  article-title: Enhancing the academic library experience with chatbots: An exploration of research and implications for practice
  publication-title: Journal of the Australian Library and Information Association
– volume: 27
  year: 2019
  ident: bib61
  article-title: Omniman: A mobile assistive robot for intralogistics applications
  publication-title: Engineering Letters
– year: 2019
  ident: bib67
  article-title: Adoption of ai-chatbots to enhance student learning experience in higher education in India
  publication-title: 2019 18th international conference on information technology based higher education and training (ITHET), pages 1–5. IEEE
– year: 2017
  ident: bib10
  article-title: Why people use chatbots
  publication-title: Inter- national conference on internet science
– volume: 44
  start-page: 1
  year: 2018
  end-page: 15
  ident: bib25
  article-title: Smart enough to talk with us? Foundations and challenges for dialogue capable ai systems
  publication-title: Computational Linguistics
– year: 2009
  ident: bib78
  article-title: The anatomy of alice
  publication-title: Parsing the turing test
– volume: 147
  start-page: 113193
  year: 2020
  ident: bib7
  article-title: Intelligent personal assistants: A systematic literature review
  publication-title: Expert Systems with Applications
– year: 2019
  ident: bib52
  article-title: The adoption of m- commerce applications: Rural dwellers perspectives
  publication-title: 12th, IADIS, International conference
– volume: 23
  start-page: 78
  year: 2020
  end-page: 92
  ident: bib37
  article-title: Enhancing post-secondary writers' writing skills with a chatbot
  publication-title: Journal of Educational Technology & Society
– year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib26
  article-title: Intelligent assistants in higher-education environments: The fit-ebot, a chatbot for administrative and learning support
– year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib44
  article-title: Using a chatterbot as a faq assistant in a course about computers architecture
– year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib60
  article-title: Using intelligent personal assistants to assist the elderlies an evaluation of amazon alexa, google assistant, Microsoft Cortana, and apple siri
– volume: 11
  start-page: 179
  issue: 2
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib9
  article-title: A tool for introducing computer science with automatic formative assessment
  publication-title: IEEE transactions on learning technologies
  doi: 10.1109/TLT.2017.2682084
– volume: 4
  start-page: 786
  issue: 6
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib74
  article-title: Critical literature review on chatbots in education
  publication-title: International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development
– year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib3
  article-title: Conversational support for education
– volume: 62
  start-page: 77
  issue: 2
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib42
  article-title: A systematic literature review on teaching and learning introductory programming in higher education
  publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Education
  doi: 10.1109/TE.2018.2864133
– year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib49
  article-title: A machine learning grading system using chatbots
– year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib56
– year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib5
  article-title: A model of a social chatbot
– year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib15
  article-title: Chatbot: An education support system for student
– year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib81
– volume: 147
  start-page: 113193
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib7
  article-title: Intelligent personal assistants: A systematic literature review
  publication-title: Expert Systems with Applications
  doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113193
– volume: 25
  start-page: 3443
  issue: 5
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib11
  article-title: Adoption of artificial intelligence in higher education: A quantitative analysis using structural equation modelling
  publication-title: Education and Information Technologies
  doi: 10.1007/s10639-020-10159-7
– volume: 97
  start-page: 98
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib17
  article-title: On predicting learning styles in conversational intelligent tutoring systems using fuzzy decision trees
  publication-title: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.08.005
– volume: 44
  start-page: 1
  issue: 1
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib25
  article-title: Smart enough to talk with us? Foundations and challenges for dialogue capable ai systems
  publication-title: Computational Linguistics
  doi: 10.1162/COLI_a_00313
– year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib67
  article-title: Adoption of ai-chatbots to enhance student learning experience in higher education in India
– year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib29
  article-title: Developing a chatbot for college student programme advisement
– year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib21
  article-title: Co-design for a competency self-assessment chatbot and survey in science education
– year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib78
  article-title: The anatomy of alice
– year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib19
  article-title: Career counselling chatbot using cognitive science and artificial intelligence
– year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib58
  article-title: Chatbot for university related faqs
– volume: 47
  issue: 1
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib85
  article-title: Apihelper: Helping junior android programmers learn API usage
  publication-title: IAENG International Journal of Computer Science
– year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib47
  article-title: Learning support system using chatbot in” kejar c package” homeschooling program
– year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib54
  article-title: A chatterbot sensitive to student's context to help on software engineering education
– year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib63
– year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib20
  article-title: Chat with bots intelligently: A critical review & analysis
– volume: 68
  start-page: 268
  issue: 3
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib41
  article-title: Enhancing the academic library experience with chatbots: An exploration of research and implications for practice
  publication-title: Journal of the Australian Library and Information Association
  doi: 10.1080/24750158.2019.1611694
– year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib64
  article-title: Chatbot utilization for medical consul- tant system
– year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib82
  article-title: Systematic literature reviews
– volume: 8
  start-page: 75264
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib12
  article-title: Artificial intelligence in education: A review
  publication-title: Ieee Access
  doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988510
– volume: 129
  start-page: 927
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib48
  article-title: A conversation-based perspective for shaping ethical human–machine interactions: The challenge of chatbots
  publication-title: Journal of Business Research
  doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.09.018
– volume: 23
  start-page: 78
  issue: 1
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib37
  article-title: Enhancing post-secondary writers' writing skills with a chatbot
  publication-title: Journal of Educational Technology & Society
– volume: 92
  start-page: 539
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib13
  article-title: In the shades of the uncanny valley: An experimental study of human–chatbot interaction
  publication-title: Future Generation Computer Systems
  doi: 10.1016/j.future.2018.01.055
– volume: 93
  start-page: 1107
  issue: 8
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib79
  article-title: Medical education must move from the information age to the age of artificial intelligence
  publication-title: Academic Medicine
  doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000002044
– year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib73
  article-title: A question answering and quiz generation chatbot for education
– volume: 4
  start-page: 37
  issue: 3
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib27
  article-title: Chatbot for education system
  publication-title: International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas, and Innovations in Technology
– volume: 77
  start-page: 73
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib6
  article-title: Cloud services recommendation: Re- viewing the recent advances and suggesting the future research directions
  publication-title: Journal of Network and Computer Applications
  doi: 10.1016/j.jnca.2016.10.009
– year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib36
  article-title: Can chatbots help reduce the workload of administrative officers? -implementing and deploying faq chatbot service in a university
– year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib53
  article-title: How chatbots can be involved in the education process
– year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib72
  article-title: Interacting with a conversational agent system for educational purposes in online courses
– volume: 28
  start-page: 1549
  issue: 6
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib55
  article-title: Rediscovering the use of chatbots in education: A systematic literature review
  publication-title: Computer Applications in Engineering Education
  doi: 10.1002/cae.22326
– year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib18
  article-title: A review of chatbots in education: Practical steps forward
– year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib66
  article-title: Bookbuddy: Turning digital materials into interactive foreign language lessons through a voice chatbot
– year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib35
  article-title: Converse, connect and consolidate– the development of an artificial intelligence chatbot for health sciences education
– volume: 164
  start-page: 56
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib22
  article-title: Question answering system to support university students' orientation, recruitment, and retention
  publication-title: Procedia Computer Science
  doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2019.12.154
– volume: 38
  start-page: 1
  issue: 3
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib30
  article-title: Challenges in building intelligent open- domain dialog systems
  publication-title: ACM Transactions on Information Systems
– volume: 104
  start-page: 333
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib71
  article-title: Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines
  publication-title: Journal of Business Research
  doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
– start-page: 102630
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib59
  article-title: The human side of human-chatbot interaction: A systematic literature review of ten years of research on text- based chatbots
  publication-title: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2021.102630
– year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib46
  article-title: Codelab: Designing a conversation-based educational tool for learning to code
– volume: 45
  start-page: 1051
  issue: 4ve
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib33
  article-title: Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering version 2.3
  publication-title: Engineering
– year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib57
  article-title: Programming challenges of chatbot: Current and future prospective
– year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib4
  article-title: Identification of conversational intent pattern using pattern-growth technique for academic chatbot
– year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib45
  article-title: The role of chatbots in formal education
– year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib31
– volume: 2
  start-page: 9
  issue: 1
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib23
  article-title: Systematic reviews and meta- analysis: Understanding the best evidence in primary healthcare
  publication-title: Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
  doi: 10.4103/2249-4863.109934
– year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib28
– start-page: 104
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib65
– year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib77
– volume: 117
  start-page: 106627
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib68
  article-title: Making conversations with chatbots more personalized
  publication-title: Computers in Human Behavior
  doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106627
– volume: 26
  start-page: 124
  issue: 1
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib24
  article-title: Conversations with autotutor help students learn
  publication-title: Ternational Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
  doi: 10.1007/s40593-015-0086-4
– year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib38
  article-title: A conversational assistant on mobile devices for primitive learners of computer programming
– year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib50
  article-title: Intelligent tutoring chatbot for solving mathematical problems in high school
– year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib69
  article-title: An educational chatbot for answering queries
– year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib75
  article-title: Integrating an adjusted conversational agent into a mobile-assisted language learning application
– year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib14
  article-title: Learning agile with intelligent conversational agents
– year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib40
– year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib34
  article-title: An- droid based educational chatbot for visually impaired people
– volume: 9
  start-page: 36
  issue: 1
  year: 1966
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib80
  article-title: Eliza—a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine
  publication-title: Communications of the ACM
  doi: 10.1145/365153.365168
– year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib1
  article-title: Agent applications in e-learning systems and current development and challenges of adaptive e-learning systems
– year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib43
  article-title: Supporting student-teacher interaction through a chatbot
– year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib10
  article-title: Why people use chatbots
– volume: 29
  issue: 1
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib51
  article-title: Python-bot: A chatbot for teaching python programming
  publication-title: Engineering Letters
– year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib39
  article-title: Pathbot: An intelligent chatbot for guiding visitors and locating venues
– volume: 151
  start-page: 103862
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib70
  article-title: Chatbots for learning: A review of educational chatbots for the Facebook messenger
  publication-title: Computers & Education
  doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103862
– year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib76
  article-title: Computing machinery and intelligence
– volume: 2
  start-page: 1
  issue: 1
  year: 1971
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib16
  article-title: Artificial paranoia
  publication-title: Artificial Intelligence
  doi: 10.1016/0004-3702(71)90002-6
– year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib32
  article-title: Lecturer's apprentice: A chatbot for assisting novice programmers
– volume: 129
  start-page: 154
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib8
  article-title: The emerging role of cognitive computing in healthcare: A systematic literature review
  publication-title: International Journal of Medical Informatics
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.04.024
– volume: 8
  start-page: 77788
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib83
  article-title: Advantages and constraints of a hybrid model k-12 e-learning assistant chatbot
  publication-title: IEEE Access
  doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988252
– year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib84
  article-title: Opportunities and challenges in using ai chatbots in higher education
– year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib62
  article-title: Data-driven edu chatbots
– year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib52
  article-title: The adoption of m- commerce applications: Rural dwellers perspectives
– volume: 2
  start-page: 100006
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib2
  article-title: Chatbots: History, technology, and applications
  publication-title: Machine Learning with Applications
  doi: 10.1016/j.mlwa.2020.100006
– volume: 27
  issue: 4
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033_bib61
  article-title: Omniman: A mobile assistive robot for intralogistics applications
  publication-title: Engineering Letters
SSID ssj0002513176
Score 2.6350021
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet The introduction of Artificial Intelligence technology enables the integration of Chatbot systems into various aspects of education. This technology is...
SourceID doaj
crossref
elsevier
SourceType Open Website
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 100033
SubjectTerms Artificial intelligence
Benefits of chatbots
Challenges of chatbots
Chatbots in education
Systematic review
Title Chatbots applications in education: A systematic review
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100033
https://doaj.org/article/821d88dca54a4b85b546d152fc7c5986
Volume 2
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAON
  databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2666-920X
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0002513176
  issn: 2666-920X
  databaseCode: DOA
  dateStart: 20200101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– providerCode: PRVHPJ
  databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2666-920X
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0002513176
  issn: 2666-920X
  databaseCode: M~E
  dateStart: 20200101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org
  providerName: ISSN International Centre
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV09T8MwELVQxcCC-BTlSxkYsUhiO7HZStWKhYoBpG5R7HNEEEpRGxj57ZzjpISlLCwZIn9E7yK_5_jyjpArqVJlE26oO-ajyFBAJSSWCmlYAbEymuum2EQ6m8n5XD32Sn25nDBvD-yBu5FxBFKCyQXPuZZCC54Akk5hUuO8xd3qi6qnt5lyazCyNhJjU1kO9TlVcTjvLIea5C6T27zE3WEcuTSBkLFftNS49_fYqcc40z2y20rFYOQfcZ9s2erAVVluMzIOSTp-yWu9qFdB_xg6KKvAdo1ug1HwY9Yc-B9VjsjzdPI0vqdtIQRqGNIx5SkkwHJVaCUUQOos65HKBS8sB2aVQJWTMjCCJYnWEQgLuVBCRww4R5jYMRlUi8qekMBiV8VAMWMKjuJFhcLkodSgC4bKAYYk7nDITOsS7opVvGVdOthr1oCXOfAyD96QXK87vXuTjM3N7xzA66bO4bq5gXHP2rhnf8V9SJIuPFkrFrwIwKHKTbOf_sfsZ2THDem_xZyTQb38sBdk23zW5Wp52byLeH34mnwDPELf8g
linkProvider Directory of Open Access Journals
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Chatbots+applications+in+education%3A+A+systematic+review&rft.jtitle=Computers+and+education.+Artificial+intelligence&rft.au=Okonkwo%2C+Chinedu+Wilfred&rft.au=Ade-Ibijola%2C+Abejide&rft.date=2021&rft.issn=2666-920X&rft.eissn=2666-920X&rft.volume=2&rft.spage=100033&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.caeai.2021.100033&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1016_j_caeai_2021_100033
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2666-920X&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2666-920X&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2666-920X&client=summon