Class Schedule Generation using Evolutionary Algorithms

Timetabling problem is known as an NP-hard problem that centres around finding an optimized allocation of subjects onto a finite available number of slots and spaces. It is perhaps the most challenging issues looked by colleges around the globe. Every academic institution faces a problem when prepar...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of physics. Conference series Vol. 1950; no. 1; pp. 12067 - 12074
Main Authors: Kakkar, Mohit Kumar, Singla, Jajji, Garg, Neha, Gupta, Gourav, Srivastava, Prateek, Kumar, Ajay
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Bristol IOP Publishing 01.08.2021
Subjects:
ISSN:1742-6588, 1742-6596
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract Timetabling problem is known as an NP-hard problem that centres around finding an optimized allocation of subjects onto a finite available number of slots and spaces. It is perhaps the most challenging issues looked by colleges around the globe. Every academic institution faces a problem when preparing courses and exam plans. There are many restrictions raised while preparing a timetable. This paper proposed a method based on the evolutionary algorithms to solve the constrained timetable problem, which helps to create theory as well as lab schedule for universities. A smart adaptive mutation scheme is used to speed up convergence and chromosome format is also problem specific. Here in this paper two algorithms are compared in respect of Timetabling problems. Using GA (Genetic Algorithm) and MA (Memetic algorithm), we optimised the output by selecting the best solution from the available options to present a comprehensive curriculum system.
AbstractList Timetabling problem is known as an NP-hard problem that centres around finding an optimized allocation of subjects onto a finite available number of slots and spaces. It is perhaps the most challenging issues looked by colleges around the globe. Every academic institution faces a problem when preparing courses and exam plans. There are many restrictions raised while preparing a timetable. This paper proposed a method based on the evolutionary algorithms to solve the constrained timetable problem, which helps to create theory as well as lab schedule for universities. A smart adaptive mutation scheme is used to speed up convergence and chromosome format is also problem specific. Here in this paper two algorithms are compared in respect of Timetabling problems. Using GA (Genetic Algorithm) and MA (Memetic algorithm), we optimised the output by selecting the best solution from the available options to present a comprehensive curriculum system.
Author Garg, Neha
Kakkar, Mohit Kumar
Srivastava, Prateek
Gupta, Gourav
Singla, Jajji
Kumar, Ajay
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Mohit Kumar
  surname: Kakkar
  fullname: Kakkar, Mohit Kumar
  organization: Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University , . India
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Jajji
  surname: Singla
  fullname: Singla, Jajji
  organization: Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University , . India
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Neha
  surname: Garg
  fullname: Garg, Neha
  organization: Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University , . India
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Gourav
  surname: Gupta
  fullname: Gupta, Gourav
  organization: Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University , . India
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Prateek
  surname: Srivastava
  fullname: Srivastava, Prateek
  organization: Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University , . India
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Ajay
  surname: Kumar
  fullname: Kumar, Ajay
  organization: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University , . India
BookMark eNqNkF1LwzAUhoNMcJv-BgveCbX5aD564cUocyoDhel1SLt06-iamrSC_97UykQRNDcn4bzPyXnfCRjVptYAnCN4haAQEeIxDhlNWIQSCiMUQYQh40dgfOiMDnchTsDEuR2ExB8-BjytlHPBKt_qdVfpYKFrbVVbmjroXFlvgvmrqbr-rexbMKs2xpbtdu9OwXGhKqfPPusUPN_Mn9LbcPmwuEtnyzAnWPCQMCUoSuJcF0WCYEb5mlElYoYZRRlnGRcZwzHJqaC4wEghSJWKWUx0gRLNyRRcDHMba1467Vq5M52t_ZcSU28t8aaZV_FBlVvjnNWFbGy59xtLBGWfkuz9yz4L2ackkRxS8uT1DzIv2w__rVVl9Q-eDHxpmq_V_qYuf6HuH9PVd6Fs1gV5B_GDiec
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1007_s12008_023_01672_3
crossref_primary_10_18070_erciyesiibd_1486042
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matpr_2022_01_113
crossref_primary_10_1007_s12008_023_01689_8
crossref_primary_10_22630_EIOL_2022_7_1_11
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matpr_2022_01_067
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matpr_2022_01_094
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matpr_2022_01_064
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_79646_y
crossref_primary_10_22630_EIOL_2022_7_2_11
Cites_doi 10.1016/S0377-2217(00)00052-7
10.1093/comjnl/10.1.85
10.1093/comjnl/36.7.645
10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113732
10.1016/j.aej.2020.05.004
10.1007/BF02023077
10.1057/jors.1996.37
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml – notice: Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
– notice: 2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
DBID O3W
TSCCA
AAYXX
CITATION
8FD
8FE
8FG
ABUWG
AFKRA
ARAPS
AZQEC
BENPR
BGLVJ
CCPQU
DWQXO
H8D
HCIFZ
L7M
P5Z
P62
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PKEHL
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
DOI 10.1088/1742-6596/1950/1/012067
DatabaseName Institute of Physics Open Access Journal Titles
IOPscience (Open Access)
CrossRef
Technology Research Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
Advanced Technologies & Computer Science Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials - QC
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest One
ProQuest Central Korea
Aerospace Database
SciTech Premium Collection
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic (retired)
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
Technology Collection
Technology Research Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
Aerospace Database
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest One Academic
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
ProQuest One Academic (New)
DatabaseTitleList Publicly Available Content Database
CrossRef
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: O3W
  name: Institute of Physics Open Access Journal Titles
  url: http://iopscience.iop.org/
  sourceTypes:
    Enrichment Source
    Publisher
– sequence: 2
  dbid: PIMPY
  name: Publicly Available Content Database
  url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Physics
EISSN 1742-6596
ExternalDocumentID 10_1088_1742_6596_1950_1_012067
JPCS_1950_1_012067
GroupedDBID 1JI
29L
2WC
4.4
5B3
5GY
5PX
5VS
7.Q
AAJIO
AAJKP
ABHWH
ACAFW
ACHIP
AEFHF
AEJGL
AFKRA
AFYNE
AIYBF
AKPSB
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ARAPS
ASPBG
ATQHT
AVWKF
AZFZN
BENPR
BGLVJ
CCPQU
CEBXE
CJUJL
CRLBU
CS3
DU5
E3Z
EBS
EDWGO
EQZZN
F5P
FRP
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
HCIFZ
HH5
IJHAN
IOP
IZVLO
J9A
KNG
KQ8
LAP
N5L
N9A
O3W
OK1
P2P
PIMPY
PJBAE
RIN
RNS
RO9
ROL
SY9
T37
TR2
TSCCA
UCJ
W28
XSB
~02
AAYXX
AEINN
AFFHD
CITATION
OVT
PHGZM
PHGZT
PQGLB
8FD
8FE
8FG
ABUWG
AZQEC
DWQXO
H8D
L7M
P62
PKEHL
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c3287-36a85194ceff910b57d65a8462651b76b78b6243c5852f21a105aa4643ef19e73
IEDL.DBID O3W
ISSN 1742-6588
IngestDate Sun Nov 30 05:00:47 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 21:56:21 EST 2025
Sat Nov 29 03:39:22 EST 2025
Wed Aug 21 03:33:01 EDT 2024
Tue Aug 20 22:16:48 EDT 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Language English
License Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c3287-36a85194ceff910b57d65a8462651b76b78b6243c5852f21a105aa4643ef19e73
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
OpenAccessLink https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1950/1/012067
PQID 2559691956
PQPubID 4998668
PageCount 8
ParticipantIDs proquest_journals_2559691956
crossref_primary_10_1088_1742_6596_1950_1_012067
crossref_citationtrail_10_1088_1742_6596_1950_1_012067
iop_journals_10_1088_1742_6596_1950_1_012067
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20210801
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2021-08-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 08
  year: 2021
  text: 20210801
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Bristol
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Bristol
PublicationTitle Journal of physics. Conference series
PublicationTitleAlternate J. Phys.: Conf. Ser
PublicationYear 2021
Publisher IOP Publishing
Publisher_xml – name: IOP Publishing
References Muller (JPCS_1950_1_012067bib5) 2002
Welsh (JPCS_1950_1_012067bib7) 1967; 10
Mooney (JPCS_1950_1_012067bib6) 1993; 41
Gotlieb (JPCS_1950_1_012067bib1) 1963; 62
Ayob (JPCS_1950_1_012067bib8) 2007
Ross (JPCS_1950_1_012067bib3) 2003
Schaerf (JPCS_1950_1_012067bib4) 1999; 13
Carter (JPCS_1950_1_012067bib9) 1996; 47
Kenekayoro (JPCS_1950_1_012067bib14) 2020
Dimopolou (JPCS_1950_1_012067bib2) 2001; 130
Cooper (JPCS_1950_1_012067bib10) 1993; 36
Thepphakorn (JPCS_1950_1_012067bib12) 2020; 161
Tavakoli (JPCS_1950_1_012067bib15) 2020; 59
Kendall (JPCS_1950_1_012067bib11) 2005
Tayarani (JPCS_1950_1_012067bib13) 2020
References_xml – volume: 130
  start-page: 202
  year: 2001
  ident: JPCS_1950_1_012067bib2
  article-title: Implentation of a University Course and Examination Time- tabling System
  publication-title: European Journal of Operational Research
  doi: 10.1016/S0377-2217(00)00052-7
– year: 2020
  ident: JPCS_1950_1_012067bib14
  article-title: Incorporating Machine Learning to Evaluate Solutions to the University Course Timetabling Problem
– volume: 10
  start-page: 85
  year: 1967
  ident: JPCS_1950_1_012067bib7
  article-title: An Upper Bound for the Chromatic Number of a Graph and Its Application to Timetabling Problems
  publication-title: The Computer Journal
  doi: 10.1093/comjnl/10.1.85
– start-page: 58
  year: 2002
  ident: JPCS_1950_1_012067bib5
– volume: 62
  start-page: 73
  year: 1963
  ident: JPCS_1950_1_012067bib1
  article-title: The construction of class-teacher timetables
  publication-title: IFIP congress
– volume: 36
  start-page: 645
  year: 1993
  ident: JPCS_1950_1_012067bib10
  article-title: The Solution of Real Instances of the Timetabling Problem
  publication-title: The Computer Journal
  doi: 10.1093/comjnl/36.7.645
– volume: 161
  year: 2020
  ident: JPCS_1950_1_012067bib12
  article-title: Performance improvement strategies on Cuckoo Search algorithms for solving the university course timetabling problem
  publication-title: Expert Systems with Applications
  doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113732
– start-page: 611
  year: 2007
  ident: JPCS_1950_1_012067bib8
– volume: 59
  start-page: 3355
  year: 2020
  ident: JPCS_1950_1_012067bib15
  article-title: Proposing a novel heuristic algorithm for university course timetabling problem with the quality of courses rendered approach; a case study
  publication-title: Alexandria Engineering Journal
  doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2020.05.004
– volume: 41
  start-page: 253
  year: 1993
  ident: JPCS_1950_1_012067bib6
  article-title: Tabu Search for a Class of Scheduling Problems
  publication-title: Annals of Operations Research
  doi: 10.1007/BF02023077
– volume: 13
  start-page: 87
  year: 1999
  ident: JPCS_1950_1_012067bib4
  article-title: A Survey of Automated Timetabling
  publication-title: Artificial Intelligence
– start-page: 755
  year: 2003
  ident: JPCS_1950_1_012067bib3
– start-page: 1
  year: 2020
  ident: JPCS_1950_1_012067bib13
  article-title: Novel operators for quantum evolutionary algorithm in solving timetabling problem
– start-page: 270
  year: 2005
  ident: JPCS_1950_1_012067bib11
– volume: 47
  start-page: 373
  year: 1996
  ident: JPCS_1950_1_012067bib9
  article-title: Examination Timetabling: Algorithmic Strategies and Applications
  publication-title: The Journal of the Operational Research Society
  doi: 10.1057/jors.1996.37
SSID ssj0033337
Score 2.389694
Snippet Timetabling problem is known as an NP-hard problem that centres around finding an optimized allocation of subjects onto a finite available number of slots and...
SourceID proquest
crossref
iop
SourceType Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 12067
SubjectTerms Curricula
Evolutionary algorithms
Genetic algorithms
Schedules
Timetables
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database
  dbid: PIMPY
  link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1bS8MwFD7oVPDFuzhvFPTRUpt2uTzJEIeKykCF-RSStpmDuc11G_jvzWlThwj6Yh_bE0rzpScnyXfOB3CqI8FFyqmfilT4MdfKV4oI34TEcB43GClL5t-xhwfe6Yi2S4_OHa2y8omFoy6rPSNv2zrhIB0muGMeYCBMBea6XYzefdSQwrNWJ6ixCEtYeOu8Bkvtm_v2S-WZI3uxMkGS-Hbm5RXfyy4C3T1BA9RFDcIAk0oL8fn5bLXYG45-uOxiHmqt_-8XbMCai0e9ZjmANmEhG2zBSsELTfJtYIVopvdooU2n_cwrq1QjmB4y5rve1cyNXTX-8Jr9rn3F5PUt34Hn1tXT5bXvtBb8JCLoZ6iysZeIk8wYG0HoBktpQ9nghNBGqBnVjGtK4iixywtiSKhsXKZUbOOZzIQiY9Eu1AbDQbYHHtWKa86w8hyNQ2OX7pEiRocRT6nt26gOtOpTmbhC5KiH0ZfFgTjnEsGQCIZEMGQoSzDqcP7VcFTW4vi7yZkFTbr_Mv_b_OSb-W378vG7hRylpg6HFcBz0zme-78_PoBVgryYgkR4CLXJeJodwXIym_Ty8bEbsp8k5vCP
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title Class Schedule Generation using Evolutionary Algorithms
URI https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1950/1/012067
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2559691956
Volume 1950
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVIOP
  databaseName: Institute of Physics Open Access Journal Titles
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1742-6596
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0033337
  issn: 1742-6588
  databaseCode: O3W
  dateStart: 20040101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://iopscience.iop.org/
  providerName: IOP Publishing
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1742-6596
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0033337
  issn: 1742-6588
  databaseCode: P5Z
  dateStart: 20040801
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/hightechjournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central Database Suite (ProQuest)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1742-6596
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0033337
  issn: 1742-6588
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20040801
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1742-6596
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0033337
  issn: 1742-6588
  databaseCode: PIMPY
  dateStart: 20040801
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  providerName: ProQuest
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3dS8MwED-cU_DFb3F-jII-WmeTNh-PUzZUdBanOH0JSdtMYW5jX-B_b9J2yhAZgn0opdw16SW9_EJ_dwdwrDBnPGbEjXnMXZ8p6UqJuKs9pBnzA4qylPk3tNFgrRafiYXp9XPXf2ous0TBmQlzQhyrGAyNXBJwUrElTCtexcZ_ElqAImZBYGl9d_hp6o2xOWgWFGmVGJtyvH5_0MwKVTC9-OGm07WnvvYfvV6H1Rx5OtVMYwMWku4mLKcM0Gi4BTQtj-k0zSDG407iZPmo7bA5lhvfdmqTfJbKwYdT7bR7g7fR6_twGx7rtYeLSzevquBGGFmPQqRBWdyPEq0NVlABjUkgDQxBJPAUJYoyRZCPI7ORQBp50iAwKX2DXBLt8YTiHVjs9rrJLjhESaYYtTnmiO9ps0nHEmnlYRYT85K4BGRqSRHlKcdt5YuOSH99MyasVYS1irBWEZ7IrFKCsy_FfpZ1Y77KiTG9yL_A4Xzxoxnx6_CiOSsh-rEuwcF05L9F7SaMcBtnufe3NvdhBVlGTEofPIDF0WCcHMJSNBm9DQdlKJ7XGuF9OZ2-5hwGL-ZeeHUbPn8CouDk_g
linkProvider IOP Publishing
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1LT9tAEB5BaAUX-hYBSi21vdUKXjv7OKAKURApIYoElehp2bV3ASkkIQ4g_hS_sTN-NEKV4MShPtqzlu35Zr9Z7zwAvthYSZVJHmYqU2EirQmNYSr0EfNSJm3BypL5XdHryZMT1Z-D-zoXhsIq6zmxmKizUUr_yFvk-nJF2W3fx1chdY2i3dW6hUYJiwN3d4tLtnyr8wP1-5Wxvd3jnf2w6ioQpjEji-IGvQyVpM575ErbFhlvG6RhxtuRFdwKaTlL4hQdaeZZZNADMSZB5nY-Uk7EeN95WEgQ7JsNWOh3Dvu_67k_xkOUKZgsRG6XdUQZLjOrc4q3qPNqK2pR2mrR3n7Gh_MXo_E_pFAw3d6r_-0bvYblyqcOtksjeANzbvgWXhaxrWn-DkTR-DM4Qnhm1wMXlJW2CZABRf2fBbs3lf2ZyV2wPTjDV5qeX-bv4dezPPUHaAxHQ7cCAbdGWimoeh5PIu8siw3zNoplxlF7cRN4rTWdVsXUqafHQBeb-lJqUrcmdWtSt450qe4mbP4dOC7riTw95BvCQldzS_60-OcH4j_7O0cPJfQ4801YryE0E53hZ_Xxy59gcf_4sKu7nd7BGiwxivMpgiLXoTGdXLuP8CK9mV7kk43KQAI4fW68_QHCkT5d
linkToPdf http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LS8NAEB5aX3jxLVarBvRojNlN9nGUavBFLajY27KbZGuhtqWtgv_e3TwqRUQEc8phJtl8s5mdZWe-AThWmDOeMOImPOFuwJR0pUTc1T7SjAUhRTll_h1tNlm7zVsViKa1MINh4fpPzW1OFJxDWCTEMc_E0MglISeebWHq-Z6t_yTUGya6CvOWrsR2MrjHz6VHxuaieWGkVWSszPP6-WEzq1TVjOSbq87Wn2j1v0a-BitFBOqc51rrUEn7G7CYZYLG402gWZtM58EYM3nrpU7OS23N59gc-Y5z-V7MVjn6cM57ncGoO3l5HW_BU3T52Lhyi-4KboyR9SxEmmiLB3GqtYkZVEgTEkoTjiAS-ooSRZkiKMCx2VAgjXxpIjEpAxPBpNrnKcXbMNcf9NMdcIiSTDFqueZI4GuzWccSaeVjlhDzobgGpERTxAX1uO2A0RPZEThjwiIjLDLCIiN8kSNTg7Op4jBn3_hd5cTAL4o_cfy7-NGM-E2r8TArIYx1alAvrf8lajdjhNt6y92_vfMQlloXkbi7bt7uwTKySTJZRmEd5iajt3QfFuL3SXc8Oshm8Sd7HeYR
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Class+Schedule+Generation+using+Evolutionary+Algorithms&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+physics.+Conference+series&rft.au=Kakkar%2C+Mohit+Kumar&rft.au=Singla%2C+Jajji&rft.au=Garg%2C+Neha&rft.au=Gupta%2C+Gourav&rft.date=2021-08-01&rft.pub=IOP+Publishing&rft.issn=1742-6588&rft.eissn=1742-6596&rft.volume=1950&rft.issue=1&rft_id=info:doi/10.1088%2F1742-6596%2F1950%2F1%2F012067&rft.externalDocID=JPCS_1950_1_012067
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1742-6588&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1742-6588&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1742-6588&client=summon