Synergistic visible-light photocatalysis by ZnO/black phosphorus nanohybrids immobilized on activated kaolinite

This study reports the design and synthesis of a novel composite photocatalyst based on ZnO nanoparticles immobilized onto a black phosphorus (BP)-modified activated kaolinite matrix. The fabrication strategy combines solvothermal doping and sol-gel methods to achieve a hybrid 2D/3D semiconductor sy...

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Vydáno v:Next materials Ročník 10; s. 101390
Hlavní autoři: Ngue Song, Pierre, Lambert, Stéphanie D., Farcy, Antoine, Ouhaibi, Abdelhalim, Lejeune, Louise, Eloy, Pierre, Hermans, Sophie, Delaey, Maxime, Poelman, Dirk, Mahy, Julien G.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Elsevier Ltd 01.01.2026
Elsevier
Témata:
Activated kaolinite
Charge separation
Chemical engineering
Engineering, computing & technology
Ingénierie chimique
Ingénierie, informatique & technologie
Materials science & engineering
Polyazo dye degradation
Science des matériaux & ingénierie
Solvothermal doping
Visible-light photocatalysis
ZnO/black phosphorus nanohybrids
Solvothermal doping
Activated kaolinite
Polyazo dye degradation
Visible-light photocatalysis
ZnO/black phosphorus nanohybrids
Charge separation
ISSN:2949-8228, 2949-8228
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Abstract This study reports the design and synthesis of a novel composite photocatalyst based on ZnO nanoparticles immobilized onto a black phosphorus (BP)-modified activated kaolinite matrix. The fabrication strategy combines solvothermal doping and sol-gel methods to achieve a hybrid 2D/3D semiconductor system. Comprehensive characterization, including XRD, XPS, UV-Vis DRS, PL, SEM, and TEM, confirmed the successful integration of ZnO and BP within the clay structure. The resulting composites exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light compared to pure ZnO, as evaluated by the degradation of two polyazo dyes (Direct Red 80 and Chicago Sky Blue 6B). The Activated Clay/BP/ZnO composite showed superior performance, with first-order kinetic constants up to three times higher than those of pure ZnO. This improvement is attributed to improved charge separation, defect engineering, and strong interfacial interactions within the heterostructure. These findings highlight the potential of BP-doped clay-supported ZnO composites as efficient, sustainable photocatalysts for wastewater treatment. [Display omitted] •A novel AC/BP/ZnO heterostructure was synthesized via solvothermal and sol–gel methods.•ZnO nanoparticles were immobilized onto BP-doped activated kaolinite from Cameroon.•The composite exhibited superior visible-light photocatalytic activity for azo dye removal.•Photoluminescence and zeta potential measurements had confirmed enhanced charge separation.•A degradation mechanism involving interfacial synergies was proposed and validated.
AbstractList This study reports the design and synthesis of a novel composite photocatalyst based on ZnO nanoparticles immobilized onto a black phosphorus (BP)-modified activated kaolinite matrix. The fabrication strategy combines solvothermal doping and sol-gel methods to achieve a hybrid 2D/3D semiconductor system. Comprehensive characterization, including XRD, XPS, UV-Vis DRS, PL, SEM, and TEM, confirmed the successful integration of ZnO and BP within the clay structure. The resulting composites exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light compared to pure ZnO, as evaluated by the degradation of two polyazo dyes (Direct Red 80 and Chicago Sky Blue 6B). The Activated Clay/BP/ZnO composite showed superior performance, with first-order kinetic constants up to three times higher than those of pure ZnO. This improvement is attributed to improved charge separation, defect engineering, and strong interfacial interactions within the heterostructure. These findings highlight the potential of BP-doped clay-supported ZnO composites as efficient, sustainable photocatalysts for wastewater treatment. [Display omitted] •A novel AC/BP/ZnO heterostructure was synthesized via solvothermal and sol–gel methods.•ZnO nanoparticles were immobilized onto BP-doped activated kaolinite from Cameroon.•The composite exhibited superior visible-light photocatalytic activity for azo dye removal.•Photoluminescence and zeta potential measurements had confirmed enhanced charge separation.•A degradation mechanism involving interfacial synergies was proposed and validated.
This study reports the design and synthesis of a novel composite photocatalyst based on ZnO nanoparticles immobilized onto a black phosphorus (BP)-modified activated kaolinite matrix. The fabrication strategy combines solvothermal doping and sol-gel methods to achieve a hybrid 2D/3D semiconductor system. Comprehensive characterization, including XRD, XPS, UV-Vis DRS, PL, SEM, and TEM, confirmed the successful integration of ZnO and BP within the clay structure. The resulting composites exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light compared to pure ZnO, as evaluated by the degradation of two polyazo dyes (Direct Red 80 and Chicago Sky Blue 6B). The Activated Clay/BP/ZnO composite showed superior performance, with first-order kinetic constants up to three times higher than those of pure ZnO. This improvement is attributed to improved charge separation, defect engineering, and strong interfacial interactions within the heterostructure. These findings highlight the potential of BP-doped clay-supported ZnO composites as efficient, sustainable photocatalysts for wastewater treatment.
ArticleNumber 101390
Author Farcy, Antoine
Ngue Song, Pierre
Mahy, Julien G.
Hermans, Sophie
Lejeune, Louise
Lambert, Stéphanie D.
Poelman, Dirk
Ouhaibi, Abdelhalim
Eloy, Pierre
Delaey, Maxime
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  givenname: Stéphanie D.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9564-1270
  surname: Lambert
  fullname: Lambert, Stéphanie D.
  organization: Department of Chemical Engineering – Nanomaterials, Catalysis & Electrochemistry, University of Liège, B6a, Quartier Agora, Allée du six Août 11, Liège 4000, Belgium
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Antoine
  surname: Farcy
  fullname: Farcy, Antoine
  organization: Department of Chemical Engineering – Nanomaterials, Catalysis & Electrochemistry, University of Liège, B6a, Quartier Agora, Allée du six Août 11, Liège 4000, Belgium
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Abdelhalim
  surname: Ouhaibi
  fullname: Ouhaibi, Abdelhalim
  organization: Division Milieux Ionisés et Lasers, Centre de Développement des Technologies Avancées, (CDTA), Cité du 20 aout 1956, Baba Hassen, BP n°. 17, Alger, Algeria
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Louise
  orcidid: 0000-0002-7219-8074
  surname: Lejeune
  fullname: Lejeune, Louise
  organization: Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences - Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (IMCN/MOST), Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, Box L4.01.03, Louvain-La-Neuve 1348, Belgium
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Pierre
  surname: Eloy
  fullname: Eloy, Pierre
  organization: Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences - Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (IMCN/MOST), Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, Box L4.01.03, Louvain-La-Neuve 1348, Belgium
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Sophie
  orcidid: 0000-0003-4715-7964
  surname: Hermans
  fullname: Hermans, Sophie
  organization: Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences - Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (IMCN/MOST), Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, Box L4.01.03, Louvain-La-Neuve 1348, Belgium
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Maxime
  surname: Delaey
  fullname: Delaey, Maxime
  organization: LumiLab, Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S1, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Dirk
  orcidid: 0000-0002-3930-172X
  surname: Poelman
  fullname: Poelman, Dirk
  organization: LumiLab, Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S1, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Julien G.
  orcidid: 0000-0003-2281-9626
  surname: Mahy
  fullname: Mahy, Julien G.
  email: julien.mahy@uliege.be
  organization: Department of Chemical Engineering – Nanomaterials, Catalysis & Electrochemistry, University of Liège, B6a, Quartier Agora, Allée du six Août 11, Liège 4000, Belgium
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Keywords Solvothermal doping
Activated kaolinite
Polyazo dye degradation
Visible-light photocatalysis
ZnO/black phosphorus nanohybrids
Charge separation
Language English
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Snippet This study reports the design and synthesis of a novel composite photocatalyst based on ZnO nanoparticles immobilized onto a black phosphorus (BP)-modified...
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SubjectTerms Activated kaolinite
Charge separation
Chemical engineering
Engineering, computing & technology
Ingénierie chimique
Ingénierie, informatique & technologie
Materials science & engineering
Polyazo dye degradation
Science des matériaux & ingénierie
Solvothermal doping
Visible-light photocatalysis
ZnO/black phosphorus nanohybrids
Title Synergistic visible-light photocatalysis by ZnO/black phosphorus nanohybrids immobilized on activated kaolinite
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.101390
https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/337262
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