Direct Least-Squares Rational-Polynomial Lumped-Circuit Model Extraction and Group Theory

Given a measured frequency domain response, it is useful to determine the best fit rational polynomial transfer function and then synthesize a corresponding lumped network. Vector Fitting, an iterative algorithm, is often used for this purpose. Historically, certain avenues of vector fitting researc...

Celý popis

Uložené v:
Podrobná bibliografia
Vydané v:IEEE journal of microwaves Ročník 5; číslo 5; s. 1162 - 1175
Hlavný autor: Rautio, James C.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: IEEE 01.09.2025
Predmet:
Fitting
Frequency measurement
group theory
Integrated circuit modeling
Least squares approximations
Least-squares
lumped model
Mathematical models
model extraction
networks
Numerical models
Polynomials
rational polynomial
reduced-order models
RLC circuits
Transfer functions
vector fitting
Vectors
ISSN:2692-8388, 2692-8388
On-line prístup:Získať plný text
Tagy: Pridať tag
Žiadne tagy, Buďte prvý, kto otaguje tento záznam!
Abstract Given a measured frequency domain response, it is useful to determine the best fit rational polynomial transfer function and then synthesize a corresponding lumped network. Vector Fitting, an iterative algorithm, is often used for this purpose. Historically, certain avenues of vector fitting research have not been pursued due to numerical precision limitations. Here, we explore one such approach that is closed form, i.e., non-iterative, and is not limited by numerical precision. When a lumped model is desired, we synthesize the best fits of all networks possible that have up to five RLC elements. In the course of this work, a variety of previously unknown relationships between these networks was discovered, including 4651 transforms between these lumped networks. The entire library, closed-form model extraction, and all network-pair transforms have been implemented in MATLAB and is freely available. In conjunction with this work, RLC network transfer functions and networks are explored in terms of group theory.
AbstractList Given a measured frequency domain response, it is useful to determine the best fit rational polynomial transfer function and then synthesize a corresponding lumped network. Vector Fitting, an iterative algorithm, is often used for this purpose. Historically, certain avenues of vector fitting research have not been pursued due to numerical precision limitations. Here, we explore one such approach that is closed form, i.e., non-iterative, and is not limited by numerical precision. When a lumped model is desired, we synthesize the best fits of all networks possible that have up to five RLC elements. In the course of this work, a variety of previously unknown relationships between these networks was discovered, including 4651 transforms between these lumped networks. The entire library, closed-form model extraction, and all network-pair transforms have been implemented in MATLAB and is freely available. In conjunction with this work, RLC network transfer functions and networks are explored in terms of group theory.
Author Rautio, James C.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: James C.
  orcidid: 0000-0003-1068-2415
  surname: Rautio
  fullname: Rautio, James C.
  email: rautio@ieee.org
  organization: Sonnet Software, Syracuse, NY, USA
BookMark eNpNkMtOwzAQRS0EEs89Cxb5gRSPHSf2EpW3ikA8hFhZ43gCRmlcnFSif09LEbCaq9G9Z3F22WYXO2LsEPgIgJvj65vnkeBCjaQy2uhyg-2I0ohcS603_-VtdtD375wvqyCENDvs5TQkqodsQtgP-cPHHBP12T0OIXbY5nexXXRxGrDNJvPpjHw-DqmehyG7iZ7a7OxzSFivyhl2PrtIcT7LHt8opsU-22qw7eng5-6xp_Ozx_FlPrm9uBqfTPJaimrIDTW8EJ6DIScB0BQotQOHXjWcN9w4QtJQ85IXXmKlGzTGK3BaAwrVyD12teb6iO92lsIU08JGDPb7EdOrxTSEuiWrC6WlBAWN84WTpfOgDEjFq0KAR7dk8TWrTrHvEzW_POB2ZdouTduVaftjejk5Wk8CEf3VAQpVlZX8Aj8Ge7g
CODEN IJMEMX
Cites_doi 10.1109/tmtt.2010.2041516
10.1109/tmtt.2010.2103211
10.1017/S0025557200181549
10.1515/9783110498967-008
10.1109/temc.2003.815528
10.1109/61.772353
10.1109/tmtt.2007.909141
10.1109/tac.1963.1105517
10.1109/mmm.2019.2909516
ContentType Journal Article
DBID 97E
ESBDL
RIA
RIE
AAYXX
CITATION
DOA
DOI 10.1109/JMW.2025.3598986
DatabaseName IEEE Xplore (IEEE)
IEEE Xplore Open Access (Activated by CARLI)
IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) Online
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
CrossRef
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
DatabaseTitleList

Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: RIE
  name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Physics
EISSN 2692-8388
EndPage 1175
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_845833151fbd4b36bd15913507421dab
10_1109_JMW_2025_3598986
11145767
Genre orig-research
GroupedDBID 0R~
97E
ABAZT
ABVLG
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
BEFXN
BFFAM
BGNUA
BKEBE
BPEOZ
EBS
ESBDL
GROUPED_DOAJ
JAVBF
M~E
OCL
OK1
RIA
RIE
AAYXX
CITATION
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c327t-9ef042d019eb311a94a38b1bad5f00f09beae81c0604d3a78fa99d51b881a25f3
IEDL.DBID DOA
ISICitedReferencesCount 0
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001566851100001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 2692-8388
IngestDate Mon Nov 17 19:36:03 EST 2025
Sat Nov 29 06:54:44 EST 2025
Wed Nov 19 08:27:10 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 5
Language English
License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c327t-9ef042d019eb311a94a38b1bad5f00f09beae81c0604d3a78fa99d51b881a25f3
ORCID 0000-0003-1068-2415
OpenAccessLink https://doaj.org/article/845833151fbd4b36bd15913507421dab
PageCount 14
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_845833151fbd4b36bd15913507421dab
ieee_primary_11145767
crossref_primary_10_1109_JMW_2025_3598986
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2025-09-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2025-09-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 09
  year: 2025
  text: 2025-09-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationTitle IEEE journal of microwaves
PublicationTitleAbbrev JMW
PublicationYear 2025
Publisher IEEE
Publisher_xml – name: IEEE
References ref12
ref15
Zverev (ref14) 1967
ref10
Morelli (ref7) 2019
ref2
ref1
ref16
R. McLean (ref11) 2007
Rautio (ref9) 2020
Ladenheim (ref13) 1948
ref4
ref3
(ref8) 2023
References_xml – ident: ref12
  doi: 10.1109/tmtt.2010.2041516
– ident: ref15
  doi: 10.1109/tmtt.2010.2103211
– year: 2007
  ident: ref11
  article-title: Groups of rational functions
  doi: 10.1017/S0025557200181549
– ident: ref3
  doi: 10.1515/9783110498967-008
– volume-title: Sonnet Software Users Manual
  year: 2023
  ident: ref8
– ident: ref16
  doi: 10.1109/temc.2003.815528
– start-page: 979
  volume-title: Method of Moments Analysis of Structures Embedded in Shielded Layered Media
  year: 2020
  ident: ref9
– start-page: 522
  volume-title: Handbook of Filter Synthesis, Library of Congress catalog card number: 67-17352
  year: 1967
  ident: ref14
– ident: ref2
  doi: 10.1109/61.772353
– ident: ref4
  doi: 10.1109/tmtt.2007.909141
– year: 2019
  ident: ref7
  article-title: Synthesis of electrical and mechanical networks of restricted complexity
– ident: ref1
  doi: 10.1109/tac.1963.1105517
– year: 1948
  ident: ref13
  article-title: A synthesis of biquadratic impedances
– ident: ref10
  doi: 10.1109/mmm.2019.2909516
SSID ssj0002512239
Score 2.3018074
Snippet Given a measured frequency domain response, it is useful to determine the best fit rational polynomial transfer function and then synthesize a corresponding...
SourceID doaj
crossref
ieee
SourceType Open Website
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 1162
SubjectTerms Fitting
Frequency measurement
group theory
Integrated circuit modeling
Least squares approximations
Least-squares
lumped model
Mathematical models
model extraction
networks
Numerical models
Polynomials
rational polynomial
reduced-order models
RLC circuits
Transfer functions
vector fitting
Vectors
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  dbid: RIE
  link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV07T8MwELagAomFZxHlJQ8sDG5j5-F4hKoVQqWqeIgyRXZsS5WqFtoUwb_H56QFBga2xLIS6y6X--7s7w6hiwSqTaaxIEZwRSIpE-JuDUm0FEpZq7Xymu7xfj8dDsWgIqt7Lowxxh8-M0249Hv5epovIFXWcnYZOXzM19E650lJ1lolVMBRs1AstyID0bq9e3YBIIubUKVOAFv6h-vxFfp_tVTxHqW788-17KLtCjriq1LXe2jNTPbRpj_Cmc8P0Ev598I96MZDHt4WwCzC91Wyjwym40-gILsn9JwKjSbt0SxfjAoM7dDGuPNRzEqSA5YTjX1OCpfM_Tp66nYe2zekapxA8pDxgghjnS1qh95cqEypFJEMU0WV1LENAhsIZaRJaQ6Fc3QoeWqlEDqmKk2pZLEND1FtMp2YI4RzJl2UZp0OeR4BmokjBbCMGcq4ZqyBLpcyzV7L-hiZjysCkTn5ZyD_rJJ_A12D0FfzoLK1H3CCzSpDyVLYyA0dDrFKRypMlHaAi4YxxPBUS9VAdVDG98sqPRz_MX6CtmAN5bGwU1QrZgtzhjby92I0n537T-gLi87FWA
  priority: 102
  providerName: IEEE
Title Direct Least-Squares Rational-Polynomial Lumped-Circuit Model Extraction and Group Theory
URI https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11145767
https://doaj.org/article/845833151fbd4b36bd15913507421dab
Volume 5
WOSCitedRecordID wos001566851100001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAON
  databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2692-8388
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0002512239
  issn: 2692-8388
  databaseCode: DOA
  dateStart: 20210101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– providerCode: PRVHPJ
  databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2692-8388
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0002512239
  issn: 2692-8388
  databaseCode: M~E
  dateStart: 20210101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org
  providerName: ISSN International Centre
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3NS8MwFA8yFLyIHxPnx8jBi4e4Jv3MUceGyDaGHzhPJWkSGIxOu0704t9uXtrpPHnxUmgJaXi_Nu_9krzfQ-g8ArXJJORE81iSQIiI2FtNIiW4lMYoJR3Sg3g0SiYTPl4r9QVnwip54MpwnQQ29nzrl4xUgfQjqawDpn4InI4qIWH29WK-RqZgDgavzXy-2pf0eOd2-GTZIAsvQbKOQ-r0mh9ycv2_6qs499LfRTt1XIivqvHsoQ2d76Mtdz4zWxyg52pqwgMotUPuX5eQNoTv6pU8Mp7PPiC_2PYwsPhoRbrTIltOSwy1zma4914WVQYDFrnCbsEJV2n5TfTY7z10b0hdFYFkPotLwrWxP5qyoZnlwZQKHgg_kVQKFRrPMx6XWuiEZqCKo3wRJ0ZwrkIqk4QKFhr_EDXyea6PEM6YsBTMWIDiLIBQJQwkxFxMUxYrxlroYmWj9KUSv0gdafB4au2Zgj3T2p4tdA1G_G4HstXugQUzrcFM_wKzhZoAwc_LLFuzhCg-_o_OT9A2DLg6IHaKGmWx1GdoM3srp4ui7b4fex1-9touC_ALtX3Ivw
linkProvider Directory of Open Access Journals
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1LT8MwDLZ4Ci68EeOZAxcOgSZt1-YIaBOPMiEYAk5V0iTSJLTB6BD8e-K0DDhw4NZGURvZdf3ZyWcD7Dex2mQaC2pEomgkZZO6W0ObWgqlrNVaeU1nSaeTPjyI65qs7rkwxhh_-Mwc4qXfy9eDYoSpsiNnl5HDx8kkTMdRxIOKrjVOqaCr5qH42owMxNHF1b0LAXl8iHXqBPKlfzgfX6P_V1MV71Pai_9czRIs1OCRHFfaXoYJ01-BWX-Is3hdhcfq_0Uy7MdDb19GyC0iN3W6j14Pnj6QhOyekDklGk1Pe8Ni1CsJNkR7Iq33cljRHIjsa-KzUqTi7q_BXbvVPT2jdesEWoQ8Kakw1lmjdvjNBcuMSRHJMFVMSR3bILCBUEaalBVYOkeHMkmtFELHTKUpkzy24TpM9Qd9swGk4NLFadZpMSkixDNxpBCYccN4ojlvwMGXTPPnqkJG7iOLQORO_jnKP6_l34ATFPp4Hta29gNOsHltKnmKW7mhQyJW6UiFTaUd5GJhjFE801I1YA2V8f2yWg-bf4zvwdxZ9yrLs_PO5RbM43qqQ2LbMFUOR2YHZoq3svc63PWf0yf6Kcif
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Direct+Least-Squares+Rational-Polynomial+Lumped-Circuit+Model+Extraction+and+Group+Theory&rft.jtitle=IEEE+journal+of+microwaves&rft.au=James+C.+Rautio&rft.date=2025-09-01&rft.pub=IEEE&rft.eissn=2692-8388&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1162&rft.epage=1175&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FJMW.2025.3598986&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_845833151fbd4b36bd15913507421dab
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2692-8388&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2692-8388&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2692-8388&client=summon