Reversal complexity revisited
We study a generalized version of reversal bounded Turing machines where, apart from several tapes on which the number of head reversals is bounded by r ( n ) , there are several further tapes on which head reversals remain unrestricted, but size is bounded by s ( n ) (where n denotes the input leng...
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| Vydáno v: | Theoretical computer science Ročník 401; číslo 1; s. 191 - 205 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autoři: | , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Vydáno: |
Amsterdam
Elsevier B.V
23.07.2008
Elsevier |
| Témata: | |
| ISSN: | 0304-3975, 1879-2294 |
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| Abstract | We study a generalized version of reversal bounded Turing machines where, apart from several tapes on which the number of head reversals is bounded by
r
(
n
)
, there are several further tapes on which head reversals remain unrestricted, but
size is bounded by
s
(
n
)
(where
n
denotes the input length). Recently [M. Grohe, C. Koch, N. Schweikardt, Tight lower bounds for query processing on streaming and external memory data, Theoretical Computer Science 380 (1–2) (2007) 199–217; M. Grohe, N. Schweikardt, Lower bounds for sorting with few random accesses to external memory, in: Proc. PODS’05, ACM Press, 2005, pp. 238–249], such machines were introduced as a formalization of a computation model that restricts random access to external memory and internal memory space. Here, each of the tapes with a restriction on the head reversals corresponds to an external memory device, and the tapes of restricted size model internal memory. We use
ST
(
r
(
n
)
,
s
(
n
)
,
O
(
1
)
)
to denote the class of all problems that can be solved by deterministic Turing machines that comply to the above resource bounds. Similarly,
NST
(
⋯
)
and
RST
(
⋯
)
, respectively, are used for the corresponding nondeterministic and randomized classes.
While previous papers focused on lower bounds for particular problems, including sorting, the set equality problem, and several query evaluation problems, the present paper addresses the relations between the
(R,N)
ST
(
⋯
)
-classes and classical complexity classes and investigates the structural complexity of the
(R,N)
ST
(
⋯
)
-classes. Our main results are (1) a trade-off between internal memory space and external memory head reversals, (2) correspondences between the
(R,N)
ST
(
⋯
)
classes and “classical” time-bounded, space-bounded, reversal-bounded, and circuit complexity classes, and (3) hierarchies of
(R)
ST
(
⋯
)
-classes in terms of increasing numbers of head reversals on external memory tapes. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | We study a generalized version of reversal bounded Turing machines where, apart from several tapes on which the number of head reversals is bounded by
r
(
n
)
, there are several further tapes on which head reversals remain unrestricted, but
size is bounded by
s
(
n
)
(where
n
denotes the input length). Recently [M. Grohe, C. Koch, N. Schweikardt, Tight lower bounds for query processing on streaming and external memory data, Theoretical Computer Science 380 (1–2) (2007) 199–217; M. Grohe, N. Schweikardt, Lower bounds for sorting with few random accesses to external memory, in: Proc. PODS’05, ACM Press, 2005, pp. 238–249], such machines were introduced as a formalization of a computation model that restricts random access to external memory and internal memory space. Here, each of the tapes with a restriction on the head reversals corresponds to an external memory device, and the tapes of restricted size model internal memory. We use
ST
(
r
(
n
)
,
s
(
n
)
,
O
(
1
)
)
to denote the class of all problems that can be solved by deterministic Turing machines that comply to the above resource bounds. Similarly,
NST
(
⋯
)
and
RST
(
⋯
)
, respectively, are used for the corresponding nondeterministic and randomized classes.
While previous papers focused on lower bounds for particular problems, including sorting, the set equality problem, and several query evaluation problems, the present paper addresses the relations between the
(R,N)
ST
(
⋯
)
-classes and classical complexity classes and investigates the structural complexity of the
(R,N)
ST
(
⋯
)
-classes. Our main results are (1) a trade-off between internal memory space and external memory head reversals, (2) correspondences between the
(R,N)
ST
(
⋯
)
classes and “classical” time-bounded, space-bounded, reversal-bounded, and circuit complexity classes, and (3) hierarchies of
(R)
ST
(
⋯
)
-classes in terms of increasing numbers of head reversals on external memory tapes. |
| Author | Schweikardt, Nicole Hernich, André |
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| Keywords | Reversal-bounded and space-bounded Turing machines Hierarchies of complexity classes Lower bound Complexity class Evaluation Computer theory Query Memory Turing machine Resource Space time Circuit complexity AND circuit Sorting Trade Hierarchy Input Turing machines Query processing Computer Reversal-bounded and space-bounded Formalization |
| Language | English |
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| References | Grohe, Hernich, Schweikardt (b7) 2006 Immerman (b12) 1998 A. Durand, C. Lautemann, M. More, Counting results in weak formalisms, Technical Report 1998-14, Université de Caen, France, 1998 Vitter (b22) 2001; 33 Grohe, Koch, Schweikardt (b8) 2005; vol. 3623 (b14) 2003; vol. 2625 Savitch (b20) 1970; 4 Chen, Yap (b4) 1991; 20 Balcázar, Díaz, Gabarró (b1) 1990 Papadimitriou (b16) 1994 Yao (b24) 1979 Grohe, Koch, Schweikardt (b9) 2007; 380 N. Pippenger, On simultaneous resource bounds, in: Proc. FOCS’79, 1979, pp. 307–311 Schweikardt (b21) 2005 Parberry (b17) 1987; 24 Wagner, Wechsung (b23) 1986 Balcázar, Díaz, Gabarró (b2) 1995 Fagin, Klawe, Pippenger, Stockmeyer (b6) 1985; 36 Immerman (b11) 1989; 18 Parberry (b18) 1989; 38 Grohe, Schweikardt (b10) 2005 Nisan, Wigderson (b15) 1993; 22 Beame, Jayram, Rudra (b3) 2007 Liśkiewicz (b13) 1993; 45 Yao (10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b24) 1979 Fagin (10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b6) 1985; 36 Vitter (10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b22) 2001; 33 Grohe (10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b9) 2007; 380 Grohe (10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b7) 2006 Beame (10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b3) 2007 Savitch (10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b20) 1970; 4 Balcázar (10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b1) 1990 Immerman (10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b12) 1998 Immerman (10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b11) 1989; 18 (10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b14) 2003; vol. 2625 Grohe (10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b8) 2005; vol. 3623 Grohe (10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b10) 2005 Wagner (10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b23) 1986 Nisan (10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b15) 1993; 22 Chen (10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b4) 1991; 20 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b5 Parberry (10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b18) 1989; 38 Liśkiewicz (10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b13) 1993; 45 Papadimitriou (10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b16) 1994 Schweikardt (10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b21) 2005 Balcázar (10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b2) 1995 Parberry (10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b17) 1987; 24 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b19 |
| References_xml | – start-page: 41 year: 2005 end-page: 52 ident: b21 article-title: Machine models and lower bounds for query processing publication-title: Proc. PODS’07 – year: 1986 ident: b23 article-title: Computational Complexity – start-page: 689 year: 2007 end-page: 698 ident: b3 article-title: Lower bounds for randomized read/write stream algorithms publication-title: Proc. STOC’07 – reference: A. Durand, C. Lautemann, M. More, Counting results in weak formalisms, Technical Report 1998-14, Université de Caen, France, 1998 – volume: 4 start-page: 177 year: 1970 end-page: 192 ident: b20 article-title: Relationships between nondeterministic and deterministic tape complexities publication-title: Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences – year: 1995 ident: b2 article-title: Structural Complexity I – volume: vol. 3623 start-page: 1 year: 2005 end-page: 16 ident: b8 article-title: The complexity of querying external memory and streaming data publication-title: Proc. FCT’05 – reference: N. Pippenger, On simultaneous resource bounds, in: Proc. FOCS’79, 1979, pp. 307–311 – start-page: 238 year: 2005 end-page: 249 ident: b10 article-title: Lower bounds for sorting with few random accesses to external memory publication-title: Proc. PODS’05 – volume: 22 start-page: 211 year: 1993 end-page: 219 ident: b15 article-title: Rounds in communication complexity revisited publication-title: SIAM Journal on Computing – start-page: 243 year: 2006 end-page: 252 ident: b7 article-title: Randomized computations on large data sets: Tight lower bounds publication-title: Proc. PODS’06 – volume: 380 start-page: 199 year: 2007 end-page: 217 ident: b9 article-title: Tight lower bounds for query processing on streaming and external memory data publication-title: Theoretical Computer Science – volume: 20 start-page: 622 year: 1991 end-page: 638 ident: b4 article-title: Reversal complexity publication-title: SIAM Journal on Computing – year: 1994 ident: b16 article-title: Computational Complexity – volume: 38 start-page: 766 year: 1989 end-page: 767 ident: b18 article-title: A note on nondeterminism in small, fast parallel computers publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Computers – start-page: 209 year: 1979 end-page: 213 ident: b24 article-title: Some complexity questions related to distributive computing publication-title: Proc. STOC’79 – volume: 33 start-page: 209 year: 2001 end-page: 271 ident: b22 article-title: External memory algorithms and data structures: Dealing with massive data publication-title: ACM Computing Surveys – volume: 36 start-page: 239 year: 1985 end-page: 250 ident: b6 article-title: Bounded depth, polynomial size circuits for symmetric functions publication-title: Theoretical Computer Science – volume: vol. 2625 year: 2003 ident: b14 publication-title: Algorithms for Memory Hierarchies – year: 1990 ident: b1 article-title: Structural Complexity II – volume: 18 start-page: 625 year: 1989 end-page: 638 ident: b11 article-title: Expressibility and parallel complexity publication-title: SIAM Journal on Computing – volume: 45 start-page: 143 year: 1993 end-page: 146 ident: b13 article-title: On the relationship between deterministic time and deterministic reversal publication-title: Information Processing Letters – volume: 24 start-page: 363 year: 1987 end-page: 367 ident: b17 article-title: An improved simulation of space and reversal bounded deterministic turing machines by width and depth bounded uniform circuits publication-title: Information Processing Letters – year: 1998 ident: b12 article-title: Descriptive Complexity – volume: vol. 3623 start-page: 1 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b8 article-title: The complexity of querying external memory and streaming data – volume: 22 start-page: 211 issue: 1 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b15 article-title: Rounds in communication complexity revisited publication-title: SIAM Journal on Computing doi: 10.1137/0222016 – ident: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b19 doi: 10.1109/SFCS.1979.29 – volume: 33 start-page: 209 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b22 article-title: External memory algorithms and data structures: Dealing with massive data publication-title: ACM Computing Surveys doi: 10.1145/384192.384193 – start-page: 238 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b10 article-title: Lower bounds for sorting with few random accesses to external memory – year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b12 – volume: 4 start-page: 177 year: 1970 ident: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b20 article-title: Relationships between nondeterministic and deterministic tape complexities publication-title: Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences doi: 10.1016/S0022-0000(70)80006-X – volume: vol. 2625 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b14 – volume: 380 start-page: 199 issue: 1–2 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b9 article-title: Tight lower bounds for query processing on streaming and external memory data publication-title: Theoretical Computer Science doi: 10.1016/j.tcs.2007.02.062 – volume: 45 start-page: 143 issue: 3 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b13 article-title: On the relationship between deterministic time and deterministic reversal publication-title: Information Processing Letters doi: 10.1016/0020-0190(93)90016-3 – start-page: 689 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b3 article-title: Lower bounds for randomized read/write stream algorithms – volume: 36 start-page: 239 year: 1985 ident: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b6 article-title: Bounded depth, polynomial size circuits for symmetric functions publication-title: Theoretical Computer Science doi: 10.1016/0304-3975(85)90045-3 – year: 1986 ident: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b23 – year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b1 – start-page: 41 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b21 article-title: Machine models and lower bounds for query processing – start-page: 209 year: 1979 ident: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b24 article-title: Some complexity questions related to distributive computing – volume: 18 start-page: 625 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b11 article-title: Expressibility and parallel complexity publication-title: SIAM Journal on Computing doi: 10.1137/0218043 – year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b2 – volume: 20 start-page: 622 issue: 4 year: 1991 ident: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b4 article-title: Reversal complexity publication-title: SIAM Journal on Computing doi: 10.1137/0220039 – year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b16 – volume: 24 start-page: 363 issue: 6 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b17 article-title: An improved simulation of space and reversal bounded deterministic turing machines by width and depth bounded uniform circuits publication-title: Information Processing Letters doi: 10.1016/0020-0190(87)90112-8 – start-page: 243 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b7 article-title: Randomized computations on large data sets: Tight lower bounds – volume: 38 start-page: 766 issue: 5 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b18 article-title: A note on nondeterminism in small, fast parallel computers publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Computers doi: 10.1109/12.24282 – ident: 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.04.026_b5 |
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r
(
n
)... |
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| SubjectTerms | Algorithmics. Computability. Computer arithmetics Applied sciences Automata. Abstract machines. Turing machines Computer science; control theory; systems Data processing. List processing. Character string processing Exact sciences and technology Hierarchies of complexity classes Memory organisation. Data processing Miscellaneous Reversal-bounded and space-bounded Turing machines Software Theoretical computing |
| Title | Reversal complexity revisited |
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