Genotype III-Based Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines Exhibit Diminished Neutralizing Response to Reemerging Genotype V

Japanese encephalitis (JE) has been predominantly controlled through vaccination. However, the isolation of JE virus (JEV) genotype V (GV) in China in 2009, and the subsequent alarming increase in JE cases in the Republic of Korea since 2010, present a new challenge. Serum samples from individuals v...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of infectious diseases Vol. 231; no. 5; p. 1281
Main Authors: Lee, Ah-Ra, Kim, Woo-Jin, Choi, Haeyoun, Kim, Sang-Hyun, Hong, Su-Yeon, Shim, Sang-Mu, Lee, Hee Il, Song, Jae Min, Kim, Seong-Jun, Ishikawa, Tomohiro, Kang, Ji-Man, Eom, Hyeon-Seok, Seo, Sang-Uk
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 15.05.2025
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Antibodies, Neutralizing - blood
Antibodies, Viral - blood
Child
Child, Preschool
Encephalitis Virus, Japanese - classification
Encephalitis Virus, Japanese - genetics
Encephalitis Virus, Japanese - immunology
Encephalitis, Japanese - immunology
Encephalitis, Japanese - prevention & control
Encephalitis, Japanese - virology
Female
Genotype
Humans
Infant
Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines - administration & dosage
Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines - immunology
Male
Neutralization Tests
Republic of Korea - epidemiology
Vaccines, Attenuated - immunology
Vaccines, Inactivated - immunology
Young Adult
Republic of Korea
Japanese encephalitis virus
neutralizing antibody
vaccine
cross-reactivity
genotype V
ISSN:1537-6613
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Summary:Japanese encephalitis (JE) has been predominantly controlled through vaccination. However, the isolation of JE virus (JEV) genotype V (GV) in China in 2009, and the subsequent alarming increase in JE cases in the Republic of Korea since 2010, present a new challenge. Serum samples from individuals vaccinated with genotype III (GIII)-based JE vaccines were analyzed for neutralizing seroresponse to GV isolates. Serum from immunocompromised pediatric patients vaccinated with an inactivated JE vaccine showed higher 50% plaque reduction neutralization test geometric mean titer (GMT) against GIII Nakayama (11 358; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1790-29 658), but lower GMTs against GV isolates: GV Muar (499; 95% CI, 0-2437), GV 43279 (308; 95% CI, 159-582), and GV 43413 (231; 95% CI, 108-738). Similarly, 32 healthy volunteers receiving a live attenuated JE vaccine achieved 100% seroprotection against GIII Nakayama with GMT of 338 (95% CI, 304-651) at 1 month postvaccination. However, GMTs against GV isolates were 123 (95% CI, 102-446) for GV Muar, 81 (95% CI, 63-168) for GV 43279, and 107 (95% CI, 100-322) for GV 43413, not achieving 100% seroprotection against these isolates. At 6 months postvaccination, GMT against Nakayama increased to 696 (95% CI, 409-2353), while remaining similar for GV isolates. Our study underscores that current GIII-based vaccines do not provide comparable protection against GV JEVs, impacting individuals in both current and potential endemic regions, as well as travelers to these regions.
ISSN:1537-6613
DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiae589