Genotype III-Based Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines Exhibit Diminished Neutralizing Response to Reemerging Genotype V
Japanese encephalitis (JE) has been predominantly controlled through vaccination. However, the isolation of JE virus (JEV) genotype V (GV) in China in 2009, and the subsequent alarming increase in JE cases in the Republic of Korea since 2010, present a new challenge. Serum samples from individuals v...
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| Published in: | The Journal of infectious diseases Vol. 231; no. 5; p. 1281 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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15.05.2025
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| ISSN: | 1537-6613 |
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| Abstract | Japanese encephalitis (JE) has been predominantly controlled through vaccination. However, the isolation of JE virus (JEV) genotype V (GV) in China in 2009, and the subsequent alarming increase in JE cases in the Republic of Korea since 2010, present a new challenge.
Serum samples from individuals vaccinated with genotype III (GIII)-based JE vaccines were analyzed for neutralizing seroresponse to GV isolates.
Serum from immunocompromised pediatric patients vaccinated with an inactivated JE vaccine showed higher 50% plaque reduction neutralization test geometric mean titer (GMT) against GIII Nakayama (11 358; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1790-29 658), but lower GMTs against GV isolates: GV Muar (499; 95% CI, 0-2437), GV 43279 (308; 95% CI, 159-582), and GV 43413 (231; 95% CI, 108-738). Similarly, 32 healthy volunteers receiving a live attenuated JE vaccine achieved 100% seroprotection against GIII Nakayama with GMT of 338 (95% CI, 304-651) at 1 month postvaccination. However, GMTs against GV isolates were 123 (95% CI, 102-446) for GV Muar, 81 (95% CI, 63-168) for GV 43279, and 107 (95% CI, 100-322) for GV 43413, not achieving 100% seroprotection against these isolates. At 6 months postvaccination, GMT against Nakayama increased to 696 (95% CI, 409-2353), while remaining similar for GV isolates.
Our study underscores that current GIII-based vaccines do not provide comparable protection against GV JEVs, impacting individuals in both current and potential endemic regions, as well as travelers to these regions. |
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| AbstractList | Japanese encephalitis (JE) has been predominantly controlled through vaccination. However, the isolation of JE virus (JEV) genotype V (GV) in China in 2009, and the subsequent alarming increase in JE cases in the Republic of Korea since 2010, present a new challenge.
Serum samples from individuals vaccinated with genotype III (GIII)-based JE vaccines were analyzed for neutralizing seroresponse to GV isolates.
Serum from immunocompromised pediatric patients vaccinated with an inactivated JE vaccine showed higher 50% plaque reduction neutralization test geometric mean titer (GMT) against GIII Nakayama (11 358; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1790-29 658), but lower GMTs against GV isolates: GV Muar (499; 95% CI, 0-2437), GV 43279 (308; 95% CI, 159-582), and GV 43413 (231; 95% CI, 108-738). Similarly, 32 healthy volunteers receiving a live attenuated JE vaccine achieved 100% seroprotection against GIII Nakayama with GMT of 338 (95% CI, 304-651) at 1 month postvaccination. However, GMTs against GV isolates were 123 (95% CI, 102-446) for GV Muar, 81 (95% CI, 63-168) for GV 43279, and 107 (95% CI, 100-322) for GV 43413, not achieving 100% seroprotection against these isolates. At 6 months postvaccination, GMT against Nakayama increased to 696 (95% CI, 409-2353), while remaining similar for GV isolates.
Our study underscores that current GIII-based vaccines do not provide comparable protection against GV JEVs, impacting individuals in both current and potential endemic regions, as well as travelers to these regions. |
| Author | Lee, Ah-Ra Kim, Seong-Jun Kang, Ji-Man Hong, Su-Yeon Eom, Hyeon-Seok Kim, Sang-Hyun Shim, Sang-Mu Lee, Hee Il Ishikawa, Tomohiro Kim, Woo-Jin Seo, Sang-Uk Song, Jae Min Choi, Haeyoun |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ah-Ra surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Ah-Ra organization: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 2 givenname: Woo-Jin surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Woo-Jin organization: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 3 givenname: Haeyoun surname: Choi fullname: Choi, Haeyoun organization: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 4 givenname: Sang-Hyun surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Sang-Hyun organization: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 5 givenname: Su-Yeon surname: Hong fullname: Hong, Su-Yeon organization: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 6 givenname: Sang-Mu surname: Shim fullname: Shim, Sang-Mu organization: Division of Acute Virus Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea – sequence: 7 givenname: Hee Il surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Hee Il organization: Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea – sequence: 8 givenname: Jae Min surname: Song fullname: Song, Jae Min organization: School of Biopharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 9 givenname: Seong-Jun orcidid: 0000-0001-8504-2872 surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Seong-Jun organization: Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea – sequence: 10 givenname: Tomohiro orcidid: 0009-0005-7444-2738 surname: Ishikawa fullname: Ishikawa, Tomohiro organization: Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan – sequence: 11 givenname: Ji-Man orcidid: 0000-0002-0678-4964 surname: Kang fullname: Kang, Ji-Man organization: Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea – sequence: 12 givenname: Hyeon-Seok surname: Eom fullname: Eom, Hyeon-Seok organization: Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea – sequence: 13 givenname: Sang-Uk orcidid: 0000-0002-6633-1932 surname: Seo fullname: Seo, Sang-Uk organization: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea |
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| Copyright | The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com. |
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| Keywords | Japanese encephalitis virus neutralizing antibody vaccine cross-reactivity genotype V |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Antibodies, Neutralizing - blood Antibodies, Viral - blood Child Child, Preschool Encephalitis Virus, Japanese - classification Encephalitis Virus, Japanese - genetics Encephalitis Virus, Japanese - immunology Encephalitis, Japanese - immunology Encephalitis, Japanese - prevention & control Encephalitis, Japanese - virology Female Genotype Humans Infant Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines - administration & dosage Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines - immunology Male Neutralization Tests Republic of Korea - epidemiology Vaccines, Attenuated - immunology Vaccines, Inactivated - immunology Young Adult |
| Title | Genotype III-Based Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines Exhibit Diminished Neutralizing Response to Reemerging Genotype V |
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