Evaluating the efficacy of small‐scale marine protected areas for preserving reef health: A case study applying emerging monitoring technology

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely used as management tools to conserve species and ecosystems at risk from human impact. Coastal managers often focus MPA designation on biogenic reef environments due to their value and sensitivity to damage. However, difficulties in enforcement and a lack of...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Aquatic conservation Jg. 29; H. 12; S. 2026 - 2044
Hauptverfasser:	Bayley, Daniel T.I., Mogg, Andrew O.M., Purvis, Andy, Koldewey, Heather J.
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Oxford Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.12.2019
Schlagworte:	anthropogenic activities Benthos biodiversity biomass case studies Coastal management Coastal states Community structure Complexity Coral reefs corals ecosystems Enforcement Fish fish communities Health Human impact Human influences Management tools Marine invertebrates Marine parks Marine protected areas marine protected areas, community structure, complexity, fisheries, management, reefs, blast fishing, photogrammetry Marine technology monitoring Morphometry Philippines Photogrammetry Protected areas Reefs risk Roughness Species diversity Strategic management Substrates Philippines
ISSN:	1052-7613, 1099-0755
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
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Abstract	Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely used as management tools to conserve species and ecosystems at risk from human impact. Coastal managers often focus MPA designation on biogenic reef environments due to their value and sensitivity to damage. However, difficulties in enforcement and a lack of capacity to adequately monitor MPAs often make it hard for managers to assess the effectiveness of MPAs, particularly in under‐resourced, low‐income coastal countries. Reef community data were collected at three long‐term managed reserves within the Western Visayas region of the central Philippines in order to assess the state of reef community structure inside and outside of these small‐scale locally managed MPAs. In addition, 3D structural data were captured using recently developed 'Structure from Motion' photogrammetry techniques, demonstrating how multiple quantitative metrics of physical structural complexity and health can be recorded in such analyses. These community‐run MPAs were shown to be effective even when small (10–20 ha). Mean fish biomass density was five times greater within present‐day protected sites, alongside significantly increased levels of fish diversity, richness, and size. No significant structural differences were observed inside and outside of MPAs; however, average reef rugosity, height, and roughness were significantly higher in unfished reefs compared to blast‐fished reefs. Reef substrate complexity, coral composition, and level of management, were also shown to structure fish community assemblages, with the link between reef structure and fish richness/abundance disrupted outside of MPAs. The Structure from Motion technique allows a greater range of quantitative morphometrics to be assessed than traditional methods and at relatively low cost. The technique is rapid, non‐destructive and can be archived, increasing the value of data for managers wishing to quantify reef health and efficiently monitor benthic changes through time. We discuss both the limitations and benefits of this technology's future use.
AbstractList	Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely used as management tools to conserve species and ecosystems at risk from human impact. Coastal managers often focus MPA designation on biogenic reef environments due to their value and sensitivity to damage. However, difficulties in enforcement and a lack of capacity to adequately monitor MPAs often make it hard for managers to assess the effectiveness of MPAs, particularly in under‐resourced, low‐income coastal countries. Reef community data were collected at three long‐term managed reserves within the Western Visayas region of the central Philippines in order to assess the state of reef community structure inside and outside of these small‐scale locally managed MPAs. In addition, 3D structural data were captured using recently developed 'Structure from Motion' photogrammetry techniques, demonstrating how multiple quantitative metrics of physical structural complexity and health can be recorded in such analyses. These community‐run MPAs were shown to be effective even when small (10–20 ha). Mean fish biomass density was five times greater within present‐day protected sites, alongside significantly increased levels of fish diversity, richness, and size. No significant structural differences were observed inside and outside of MPAs; however, average reef rugosity, height, and roughness were significantly higher in unfished reefs compared to blast‐fished reefs. Reef substrate complexity, coral composition, and level of management, were also shown to structure fish community assemblages, with the link between reef structure and fish richness/abundance disrupted outside of MPAs. The Structure from Motion technique allows a greater range of quantitative morphometrics to be assessed than traditional methods and at relatively low cost. The technique is rapid, non‐destructive and can be archived, increasing the value of data for managers wishing to quantify reef health and efficiently monitor benthic changes through time. We discuss both the limitations and benefits of this technology's future use. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely used as management tools to conserve species and ecosystems at risk from human impact. Coastal managers often focus MPA designation on biogenic reef environments due to their value and sensitivity to damage. However, difficulties in enforcement and a lack of capacity to adequately monitor MPAs often make it hard for managers to assess the effectiveness of MPAs, particularly in under‐resourced, low‐income coastal countries.Reef community data were collected at three long‐term managed reserves within the Western Visayas region of the central Philippines in order to assess the state of reef community structure inside and outside of these small‐scale locally managed MPAs. In addition, 3D structural data were captured using recently developed 'Structure from Motion' photogrammetry techniques, demonstrating how multiple quantitative metrics of physical structural complexity and health can be recorded in such analyses.These community‐run MPAs were shown to be effective even when small (10–20 ha). Mean fish biomass density was five times greater within present‐day protected sites, alongside significantly increased levels of fish diversity, richness, and size. No significant structural differences were observed inside and outside of MPAs; however, average reef rugosity, height, and roughness were significantly higher in unfished reefs compared to blast‐fished reefs. Reef substrate complexity, coral composition, and level of management, were also shown to structure fish community assemblages, with the link between reef structure and fish richness/abundance disrupted outside of MPAs.The Structure from Motion technique allows a greater range of quantitative morphometrics to be assessed than traditional methods and at relatively low cost. The technique is rapid, non‐destructive and can be archived, increasing the value of data for managers wishing to quantify reef health and efficiently monitor benthic changes through time. We discuss both the limitations and benefits of this technology's future use.
Author	Bayley, Daniel T.I. Purvis, Andy Koldewey, Heather J. Mogg, Andrew O.M.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Daniel T.I. orcidid: 0000-0002-7715-0387 surname: Bayley fullname: Bayley, Daniel T.I. email: daniel.bayley.14@ucl.ac.uk organization: University College London – sequence: 2 givenname: Andrew O.M. surname: Mogg fullname: Mogg, Andrew O.M. organization: National Facility for Scientific Diving – sequence: 3 givenname: Andy surname: Purvis fullname: Purvis, Andy organization: Imperial College London – sequence: 4 givenname: Heather J. surname: Koldewey fullname: Koldewey, Heather J. organization: University of Exeter
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Snippet	Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely used as management tools to conserve species and ecosystems at risk from human impact. Coastal managers often focus...
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SubjectTerms	anthropogenic activities Benthos biodiversity biomass case studies Coastal management Coastal states Community structure Complexity Coral reefs corals ecosystems Enforcement Fish fish communities Health Human impact Human influences Management tools Marine invertebrates Marine parks Marine protected areas marine protected areas, community structure, complexity, fisheries, management, reefs, blast fishing, photogrammetry Marine technology monitoring Morphometry Philippines Photogrammetry Protected areas Reefs risk Roughness Species diversity Strategic management Substrates
Title	Evaluating the efficacy of small‐scale marine protected areas for preserving reef health: A case study applying emerging monitoring technology
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