Protected areas slow declines unevenly across the tetrapod tree of life

Protected areas (PAs) are the primary strategy for slowing terrestrial biodiversity loss. Although expansion of PA coverage is prioritized under the Convention on Biological Diversity, it remains unknown whether PAs mitigate declines across the tetrapod tree of life and to what extent land cover and...

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Vydáno v:Nature (London) Ročník 622; číslo 7981; s. 101 - 106
Hlavní autoři: Justin Nowakowski, A., Watling, James I., Murray, Alexander, Deichmann, Jessica L., Akre, Thomas S., Muñoz Brenes, Carlos L., Todd, Brian D., McRae, Louise, Freeman, Robin, Frishkoff, Luke O.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: London Nature Publishing Group UK 05.10.2023
Nature Publishing Group
Témata:
631/158/670
631/158/672
631/158/851
Amphibians
Amphibians - classification
Animals
Biodiversity
Biodiversity loss
Biogeography
Birds
Birds - classification
Climate change
Conservation of Natural Resources - methods
Conservation of Natural Resources - statistics & numerical data
Convention on Biological Diversity
Endangered Species - statistics & numerical data
Endangered Species - trends
Global warming
Global Warming - statistics & numerical data
Humanities and Social Sciences
Land cover
multidisciplinary
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Populations
Protected areas
Reptiles
Reptiles & amphibians
Reptiles - classification
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Time series
Trends
Vertebrates
Vertebrates - classification
ISSN:0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687
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Shrnutí:Protected areas (PAs) are the primary strategy for slowing terrestrial biodiversity loss. Although expansion of PA coverage is prioritized under the Convention on Biological Diversity, it remains unknown whether PAs mitigate declines across the tetrapod tree of life and to what extent land cover and climate change modify PA effectiveness 1 , 2 . Here we analysed rates of change in abundance of 2,239 terrestrial vertebrate populations across the globe. On average, vertebrate populations declined five times more slowly within PAs (−0.4% per year) than at similar sites lacking protection (−1.8% per year). The mitigating effects of PAs varied both within and across vertebrate classes, with amphibians and birds experiencing the greatest benefits. The benefits of PAs were lower for amphibians in areas with converted land cover and lower for reptiles in areas with rapid climate warming. By contrast, the mitigating impacts of PAs were consistently augmented by effective national governance. This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of PAs as a strategy for slowing tetrapod declines. However, optimizing the growing PA network requires targeted protection of sensitive clades and mitigation of threats beyond PA boundaries. Provided the conditions of targeted protection, adequate governance and well-managed landscapes are met, PAs can serve a critical role in safeguarding tetrapod biodiversity. An analysis of 2,239 terrestrial vertebrate populations shows that they decline more slowly in protected areas than outside protected areas, but the benefits vary across vertebrate classes and depend on the regional context of the protected area.
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ISSN:0028-0836
1476-4687
1476-4687
DOI:10.1038/s41586-023-06562-y