Diagnostic algorithm for subcentimeter hepatocellular carcinoma using alpha-fetoprotein and imaging features on gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI
Objective To investigate the role of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in diagnosing subcentimeter hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI (EOB-MRI). Methods This study retrospectively enrolled treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B who had a solitary subcentimeter obser...
Saved in:
| Published in: | European radiology Vol. 34; no. 4; pp. 2271 - 2282 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Berlin/Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
01.04.2024
Springer Nature B.V |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 1432-1084, 0938-7994, 1432-1084 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | Objective
To investigate the role of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in diagnosing subcentimeter hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI (EOB-MRI).
Methods
This study retrospectively enrolled treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B who had a solitary subcentimeter observation on EOB-MRI from January 2017 to March 2023. Final diagnosis was confirmed by pathology for HCC and pathology or follow-up for benign controls. The AFP cutoff value for HCC was determined using Youden’s index. Diagnostic criteria were developed according to significant findings in logistic regression analyses based on AFP and imaging features. The diagnostic performance of possible criteria was compared to the diagnostic hallmarks of HCC (arterial-phase hyperintensity and portal-phase hypointensity).
Results
A total of 305 patients (mean age, 51.5 ± 10.7 years; 153 men) were divided into derivation and temporal validation cohorts. Four findings, namely AFP >13.7 ng/mL, arterial-phase hyperintensity, portal-phase hypointensity, and transitional-phase hypointensity, were predictors of HCC. A new criterion (at least three of the four findings) showed higher sensitivity than the diagnostic hallmarks (derivation cohort, 71.6% vs. 52.3%,
p
< 0.001; validation cohort, 75.0% vs. 47.5%,
p
= 0.003) without decreasing specificity (derivation cohort, 92.5% vs. 92.5%,
p
> 0.999; validation cohort, 92.0% vs. 92.0%,
p
> 0.999). Another criterion (all four findings) achieved a slightly higher specificity than the diagnostic hallmark (derivation cohort, 99.1% vs. 92.5%,
p
= 0.023; validation cohort, 100.0% vs. 92.0%,
p
= 0.134). Subgroup analysis for hepatobiliary hypointense observations yielded similar results.
Conclusion
Including AFP in the diagnostic algorithm may improve the diagnostic performance for subcentimeter HCC.
Clinical relevance statement
Combining imaging features on gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI with alpha-fetoprotein may enhance the diagnostic performance for subcentimeter HCC in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B.
Key Points
• The traditional diagnostic hallmark of HCC (arterial-phase hyperintensity and portal-phase hypointensity) shows modest diagnostic performance for subcentimeter HCC on EOB-MRI.
• Serum alpha-fetoprotein > 13.7 ng/mL, arterial-phase hyperintensity, portal-phase hypointensity, and transitional-phase hypointensity were independent predictors for subcentimeter HCC.
• A criterion of at least three of the four above findings achieved a higher sensitivity without decreasing specificity.
Graphical Abstract |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | To investigate the role of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in diagnosing subcentimeter hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI (EOB-MRI).OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in diagnosing subcentimeter hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI (EOB-MRI).This study retrospectively enrolled treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B who had a solitary subcentimeter observation on EOB-MRI from January 2017 to March 2023. Final diagnosis was confirmed by pathology for HCC and pathology or follow-up for benign controls. The AFP cutoff value for HCC was determined using Youden's index. Diagnostic criteria were developed according to significant findings in logistic regression analyses based on AFP and imaging features. The diagnostic performance of possible criteria was compared to the diagnostic hallmarks of HCC (arterial-phase hyperintensity and portal-phase hypointensity).METHODSThis study retrospectively enrolled treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B who had a solitary subcentimeter observation on EOB-MRI from January 2017 to March 2023. Final diagnosis was confirmed by pathology for HCC and pathology or follow-up for benign controls. The AFP cutoff value for HCC was determined using Youden's index. Diagnostic criteria were developed according to significant findings in logistic regression analyses based on AFP and imaging features. The diagnostic performance of possible criteria was compared to the diagnostic hallmarks of HCC (arterial-phase hyperintensity and portal-phase hypointensity).A total of 305 patients (mean age, 51.5 ± 10.7 years; 153 men) were divided into derivation and temporal validation cohorts. Four findings, namely AFP >13.7 ng/mL, arterial-phase hyperintensity, portal-phase hypointensity, and transitional-phase hypointensity, were predictors of HCC. A new criterion (at least three of the four findings) showed higher sensitivity than the diagnostic hallmarks (derivation cohort, 71.6% vs. 52.3%, p < 0.001; validation cohort, 75.0% vs. 47.5%, p = 0.003) without decreasing specificity (derivation cohort, 92.5% vs. 92.5%, p > 0.999; validation cohort, 92.0% vs. 92.0%, p > 0.999). Another criterion (all four findings) achieved a slightly higher specificity than the diagnostic hallmark (derivation cohort, 99.1% vs. 92.5%, p = 0.023; validation cohort, 100.0% vs. 92.0%, p = 0.134). Subgroup analysis for hepatobiliary hypointense observations yielded similar results.RESULTSA total of 305 patients (mean age, 51.5 ± 10.7 years; 153 men) were divided into derivation and temporal validation cohorts. Four findings, namely AFP >13.7 ng/mL, arterial-phase hyperintensity, portal-phase hypointensity, and transitional-phase hypointensity, were predictors of HCC. A new criterion (at least three of the four findings) showed higher sensitivity than the diagnostic hallmarks (derivation cohort, 71.6% vs. 52.3%, p < 0.001; validation cohort, 75.0% vs. 47.5%, p = 0.003) without decreasing specificity (derivation cohort, 92.5% vs. 92.5%, p > 0.999; validation cohort, 92.0% vs. 92.0%, p > 0.999). Another criterion (all four findings) achieved a slightly higher specificity than the diagnostic hallmark (derivation cohort, 99.1% vs. 92.5%, p = 0.023; validation cohort, 100.0% vs. 92.0%, p = 0.134). Subgroup analysis for hepatobiliary hypointense observations yielded similar results.Including AFP in the diagnostic algorithm may improve the diagnostic performance for subcentimeter HCC.CONCLUSIONIncluding AFP in the diagnostic algorithm may improve the diagnostic performance for subcentimeter HCC.Combining imaging features on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI with alpha-fetoprotein may enhance the diagnostic performance for subcentimeter HCC in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B.CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENTCombining imaging features on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI with alpha-fetoprotein may enhance the diagnostic performance for subcentimeter HCC in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B.• The traditional diagnostic hallmark of HCC (arterial-phase hyperintensity and portal-phase hypointensity) shows modest diagnostic performance for subcentimeter HCC on EOB-MRI. • Serum alpha-fetoprotein > 13.7 ng/mL, arterial-phase hyperintensity, portal-phase hypointensity, and transitional-phase hypointensity were independent predictors for subcentimeter HCC. • A criterion of at least three of the four above findings achieved a higher sensitivity without decreasing specificity.KEY POINTS• The traditional diagnostic hallmark of HCC (arterial-phase hyperintensity and portal-phase hypointensity) shows modest diagnostic performance for subcentimeter HCC on EOB-MRI. • Serum alpha-fetoprotein > 13.7 ng/mL, arterial-phase hyperintensity, portal-phase hypointensity, and transitional-phase hypointensity were independent predictors for subcentimeter HCC. • A criterion of at least three of the four above findings achieved a higher sensitivity without decreasing specificity. Objective To investigate the role of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in diagnosing subcentimeter hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI (EOB-MRI). Methods This study retrospectively enrolled treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B who had a solitary subcentimeter observation on EOB-MRI from January 2017 to March 2023. Final diagnosis was confirmed by pathology for HCC and pathology or follow-up for benign controls. The AFP cutoff value for HCC was determined using Youden’s index. Diagnostic criteria were developed according to significant findings in logistic regression analyses based on AFP and imaging features. The diagnostic performance of possible criteria was compared to the diagnostic hallmarks of HCC (arterial-phase hyperintensity and portal-phase hypointensity). Results A total of 305 patients (mean age, 51.5 ± 10.7 years; 153 men) were divided into derivation and temporal validation cohorts. Four findings, namely AFP >13.7 ng/mL, arterial-phase hyperintensity, portal-phase hypointensity, and transitional-phase hypointensity, were predictors of HCC. A new criterion (at least three of the four findings) showed higher sensitivity than the diagnostic hallmarks (derivation cohort, 71.6% vs. 52.3%, p < 0.001; validation cohort, 75.0% vs. 47.5%, p = 0.003) without decreasing specificity (derivation cohort, 92.5% vs. 92.5%, p > 0.999; validation cohort, 92.0% vs. 92.0%, p > 0.999). Another criterion (all four findings) achieved a slightly higher specificity than the diagnostic hallmark (derivation cohort, 99.1% vs. 92.5%, p = 0.023; validation cohort, 100.0% vs. 92.0%, p = 0.134). Subgroup analysis for hepatobiliary hypointense observations yielded similar results. Conclusion Including AFP in the diagnostic algorithm may improve the diagnostic performance for subcentimeter HCC. Clinical relevance statement Combining imaging features on gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI with alpha-fetoprotein may enhance the diagnostic performance for subcentimeter HCC in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B. Key Points • The traditional diagnostic hallmark of HCC (arterial-phase hyperintensity and portal-phase hypointensity) shows modest diagnostic performance for subcentimeter HCC on EOB-MRI. • Serum alpha-fetoprotein > 13.7 ng/mL, arterial-phase hyperintensity, portal-phase hypointensity, and transitional-phase hypointensity were independent predictors for subcentimeter HCC. • A criterion of at least three of the four above findings achieved a higher sensitivity without decreasing specificity. Graphical Abstract To investigate the role of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in diagnosing subcentimeter hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI (EOB-MRI). This study retrospectively enrolled treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B who had a solitary subcentimeter observation on EOB-MRI from January 2017 to March 2023. Final diagnosis was confirmed by pathology for HCC and pathology or follow-up for benign controls. The AFP cutoff value for HCC was determined using Youden's index. Diagnostic criteria were developed according to significant findings in logistic regression analyses based on AFP and imaging features. The diagnostic performance of possible criteria was compared to the diagnostic hallmarks of HCC (arterial-phase hyperintensity and portal-phase hypointensity). A total of 305 patients (mean age, 51.5 ± 10.7 years; 153 men) were divided into derivation and temporal validation cohorts. Four findings, namely AFP >13.7 ng/mL, arterial-phase hyperintensity, portal-phase hypointensity, and transitional-phase hypointensity, were predictors of HCC. A new criterion (at least three of the four findings) showed higher sensitivity than the diagnostic hallmarks (derivation cohort, 71.6% vs. 52.3%, p < 0.001; validation cohort, 75.0% vs. 47.5%, p = 0.003) without decreasing specificity (derivation cohort, 92.5% vs. 92.5%, p > 0.999; validation cohort, 92.0% vs. 92.0%, p > 0.999). Another criterion (all four findings) achieved a slightly higher specificity than the diagnostic hallmark (derivation cohort, 99.1% vs. 92.5%, p = 0.023; validation cohort, 100.0% vs. 92.0%, p = 0.134). Subgroup analysis for hepatobiliary hypointense observations yielded similar results. Including AFP in the diagnostic algorithm may improve the diagnostic performance for subcentimeter HCC. Combining imaging features on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI with alpha-fetoprotein may enhance the diagnostic performance for subcentimeter HCC in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B. • The traditional diagnostic hallmark of HCC (arterial-phase hyperintensity and portal-phase hypointensity) shows modest diagnostic performance for subcentimeter HCC on EOB-MRI. • Serum alpha-fetoprotein > 13.7 ng/mL, arterial-phase hyperintensity, portal-phase hypointensity, and transitional-phase hypointensity were independent predictors for subcentimeter HCC. • A criterion of at least three of the four above findings achieved a higher sensitivity without decreasing specificity. ObjectiveTo investigate the role of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in diagnosing subcentimeter hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI (EOB-MRI).MethodsThis study retrospectively enrolled treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B who had a solitary subcentimeter observation on EOB-MRI from January 2017 to March 2023. Final diagnosis was confirmed by pathology for HCC and pathology or follow-up for benign controls. The AFP cutoff value for HCC was determined using Youden’s index. Diagnostic criteria were developed according to significant findings in logistic regression analyses based on AFP and imaging features. The diagnostic performance of possible criteria was compared to the diagnostic hallmarks of HCC (arterial-phase hyperintensity and portal-phase hypointensity).ResultsA total of 305 patients (mean age, 51.5 ± 10.7 years; 153 men) were divided into derivation and temporal validation cohorts. Four findings, namely AFP >13.7 ng/mL, arterial-phase hyperintensity, portal-phase hypointensity, and transitional-phase hypointensity, were predictors of HCC. A new criterion (at least three of the four findings) showed higher sensitivity than the diagnostic hallmarks (derivation cohort, 71.6% vs. 52.3%, p < 0.001; validation cohort, 75.0% vs. 47.5%, p = 0.003) without decreasing specificity (derivation cohort, 92.5% vs. 92.5%, p > 0.999; validation cohort, 92.0% vs. 92.0%, p > 0.999). Another criterion (all four findings) achieved a slightly higher specificity than the diagnostic hallmark (derivation cohort, 99.1% vs. 92.5%, p = 0.023; validation cohort, 100.0% vs. 92.0%, p = 0.134). Subgroup analysis for hepatobiliary hypointense observations yielded similar results.ConclusionIncluding AFP in the diagnostic algorithm may improve the diagnostic performance for subcentimeter HCC.Clinical relevance statementCombining imaging features on gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI with alpha-fetoprotein may enhance the diagnostic performance for subcentimeter HCC in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B.Key Points• The traditional diagnostic hallmark of HCC (arterial-phase hyperintensity and portal-phase hypointensity) shows modest diagnostic performance for subcentimeter HCC on EOB-MRI.• Serum alpha-fetoprotein > 13.7 ng/mL, arterial-phase hyperintensity, portal-phase hypointensity, and transitional-phase hypointensity were independent predictors for subcentimeter HCC.• A criterion of at least three of the four above findings achieved a higher sensitivity without decreasing specificity. |
| Author | Yang, Chun Zeng, Mengsu Wu, Fei Zhou, Changwu Wang, Cheng Hou, Kai Huang, Peng Miao, Gengyun Xiao, Yuyao |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Peng surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Peng organization: Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xuhui District, Department of Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University – sequence: 2 givenname: Fei surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Fei organization: Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xuhui District, Department of Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University – sequence: 3 givenname: Kai surname: Hou fullname: Hou, Kai organization: Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xuhui District, Department of Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University – sequence: 4 givenname: Changwu surname: Zhou fullname: Zhou, Changwu organization: Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xuhui District, Department of Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging – sequence: 5 givenname: Yuyao surname: Xiao fullname: Xiao, Yuyao organization: Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xuhui District, Department of Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University – sequence: 6 givenname: Cheng surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Cheng organization: Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xuhui District, Department of Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University – sequence: 7 givenname: Gengyun surname: Miao fullname: Miao, Gengyun organization: Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xuhui District, Department of Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University – sequence: 8 givenname: Chun surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Chun email: dryangchun@hotmail.com organization: Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xuhui District, Department of Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University – sequence: 9 givenname: Mengsu orcidid: 0000-0002-2759-4844 surname: Zeng fullname: Zeng, Mengsu email: zeng.mengsu@zs-hospital.sh.cn organization: Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xuhui District, Department of Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37792079$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNp9kctu1TAQhi1URC_wAiyQJTZsAhM7J4mXqNwqFSFVZW3NccY5rhL7YDsS3fUFWPGGPAk-PeWiLrqyrfk-z9j_MTvwwRNjz2t4XQN0bxKAlFCBkFUNom4qeMSO6kaKcuybg__2h-w4pSsAUHXTPWGHsuuUgE4dsR_vHI4-pOwMx2kM0eXNzG2IPC1rQz67mTJFvqEt5mBompYJIzcYjfNhRr4k58eibjdYWcphG0Mm5zn6gbsZx13VEuYlUuLB8xGH8J1u2xk3_Lr5SX6D3tDAP1-cPWWPLU6Jnt2tJ-zrh_eXp5-q8y8fz07fnldGirauVN_3yqJogWSjZGfsyrZgqIOhRQtYKrWAtbTKGrOilbWKemgkNoU1spEn7NX-3jLtt4VS1rNLu8ehp7AkLfpOFEHIvqAv76FXYYm-TKeF6oRSbSPaQr24o5b1TIPexvL2eK3_fHQBxB4wMaQUyf5FatC7NPU-TV3S1LdpaihSf08yLmN2weeIbnpYlXs1lT5-pPhv7Aes3_odtjw |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejrad_2024_111830 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00330_023_10376_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_hpb_2025_02_009 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_acra_2025_04_053 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00330_025_11558_5 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1148/radiol.2522081414 10.1002/hep.29913 10.1111/liv.14223 10.1111/his.13975 10.1007/s00330-015-3680-9 10.1148/radiol.2019182587 10.1148/radiol.14132362 10.1148/radiol.14131996 10.1007/s12072-017-9799-9 10.1007/s00330-020-06687-y 10.2147/JHC.S401027 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.019 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.11.009 10.1148/radiol.2016151205 10.1007/s00261-019-02077-1 10.2214/AJR.10.4394 10.2214/AJR.15.15602 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.04.005 10.1002/jmri.27962 10.1159/000514174 10.2214/AJR.16.16414 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.02.056 10.1148/radiol.2018181494 10.1148/radiol.2019190552 10.1007/s00330-020-06753-5 10.1177/0284185114534652 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.08.018 10.1007/s00330-020-07329-z 10.1007/s00330-017-5088-1 10.1007/s00330-022-09282-5 10.1159/000488035 10.4172/2161-1165.1000227 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Society of Radiology 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Society of Radiology. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Society of Radiology 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. – notice: 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Society of Radiology. |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION NPM 3V. 7QO 7RV 7X7 7XB 88E 8AO 8FD 8FE 8FG 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AFKRA ARAPS AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BGLVJ BHPHI CCPQU DWQXO FR3 FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ HCIFZ K9. KB0 LK8 M0S M1P M7P NAPCQ P5Z P62 P64 PHGZM PHGZT PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS 7X8 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s00330-023-10214-0 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef PubMed ProQuest Central (Corporate) Biotechnology Research Abstracts ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Database Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Pharma Collection Technology Research Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Technology Collection ProQuest Natural Science Collection Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland Advanced Technologies & Computer Science Collection ProQuest Central Essentials Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central Technology Collection Natural Science Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Korea Engineering Research Database Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Biological Science Collection Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition) Medical Database Biological Science Database Nursing & Allied Health Premium Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef PubMed ProQuest Central Student Technology Collection Technology Research Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Pharma Collection ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Health Research Premium Collection Biotechnology Research Abstracts Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea Health & Medical Research Collection Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source ProQuest Hospital Collection ProQuest Technology Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Biological Science Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database Nursing & Allied Health Premium ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source (Alumni) Engineering Research Database ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic PubMed ProQuest Central Student |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine |
| EISSN | 1432-1084 |
| EndPage | 2282 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 37792079 10_1007_s00330_023_10214_0 |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Shanghai Municipal Health Commission grantid: No. 202240152 – fundername: Shanghai Municipal Health Commission grantid: No. shslczdzk03202 funderid: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100017950 – fundername: Clinical Research Plan of SHDC grantid: No. SHDC2020CR1029B – fundername: National Natural Science Foundation of China grantid: No. 82171897 funderid: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809 – fundername: National Natural Science Foundation of China grantid: No.82272078 – fundername: Shanghai Municipal Health Commission grantid: No. shslczdzk03202 – fundername: National Natural Science Foundation of China grantid: No. 82171897 |
| GroupedDBID | --- -53 -5E -5G -BR -EM -Y2 -~C .86 .VR 04C 06C 06D 0R~ 0VY 1N0 1SB 2.D 203 28- 29G 29~ 2J2 2JN 2JY 2KG 2KM 2LR 2P1 2VQ 2~H 30V 36B 3V. 4.4 406 408 409 40D 40E 53G 5GY 5QI 5VS 67Z 6NX 6PF 7RV 7X7 88E 8AO 8FE 8FG 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8TC 8UJ 95- 95. 95~ 96X AAAVM AABHQ AACDK AAHNG AAIAL AAJBT AAJKR AANXM AANZL AARHV AARTL AASML AATNV AATVU AAUYE AAWCG AAWTL AAYIU AAYQN AAYTO AAYZH ABAKF ABBBX ABBXA ABDZT ABECU ABFTV ABHLI ABHQN ABIPD ABJNI ABJOX ABKCH ABKTR ABMNI ABMQK ABNWP ABPLI ABQBU ABQSL ABSXP ABTEG ABTKH ABTMW ABULA ABUWG ABUWZ ABWNU ABXPI ACAOD ACBXY ACDTI ACGFO ACGFS ACHSB ACHVE ACHXU ACIHN ACIWK ACKNC ACMDZ ACMLO ACOKC ACOMO ACPIV ACPRK ACREN ACUDM ACZOJ ADBBV ADHHG ADHIR ADIMF ADINQ ADJJI ADKNI ADKPE ADOJX ADRFC ADTPH ADURQ ADYFF ADYOE ADZKW AEAQA AEBTG AEFIE AEFQL AEGAL AEGNC AEJHL AEJRE AEKMD AEMSY AENEX AEOHA AEPYU AESKC AETLH AEVLU AEXYK AFBBN AFEXP AFJLC AFKRA AFLOW AFQWF AFRAH AFWTZ AFYQB AFZKB AGAYW AGDGC AGGDS AGJBK AGMZJ AGQEE AGQMX AGRTI AGVAE AGWIL AGWZB AGYKE AHAVH AHBYD AHIZS AHKAY AHMBA AHSBF AHYZX AIAKS AIGIU AIIXL AILAN AITGF AJBLW AJRNO AJZVZ AKMHD ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALWAN AMKLP AMTXH AMXSW AMYLF AMYQR AOCGG ARAPS ARMRJ ASPBG AVWKF AXYYD AZFZN B-. BA0 BBNVY BBWZM BDATZ BENPR BGLVJ BGNMA BHPHI BKEYQ BMSDO BPHCQ BSONS BVXVI CAG CCPQU COF CS3 CSCUP DDRTE DL5 DNIVK DPUIP DU5 EBD EBLON EBS ECF ECT EIHBH EIOEI EJD EMB EMOBN EN4 ESBYG EX3 F5P FEDTE FERAY FFXSO FIGPU FINBP FNLPD FRRFC FSGXE FWDCC FYUFA G-Y G-Z GGCAI GGRSB GJIRD GNWQR GQ6 GQ7 GQ8 GRRUI GXS H13 HCIFZ HF~ HG5 HG6 HMCUK HMJXF HQYDN HRMNR HVGLF HZ~ I-F I09 IHE IJ- IKXTQ IMOTQ IWAJR IXC IXD IXE IZIGR IZQ I~X I~Z J-C J0Z JBSCW JCJTX JZLTJ KDC KOV KOW KPH LAS LK8 LLZTM M1P M4Y M7P MA- N2Q N9A NAPCQ NB0 NDZJH NPVJJ NQJWS NU0 O9- O93 O9G O9I O9J OAM OVD P19 P2P P62 P9S PF0 PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO PT4 PT5 Q2X QOK QOR QOS R4E R89 R9I RHV RIG RNI RNS ROL RPX RRX RSV RZK S16 S1Z S26 S27 S28 S37 S3B SAP SCLPG SDE SDH SDM SHX SISQX SJYHP SMD SNE SNPRN SNX SOHCF SOJ SPISZ SRMVM SSLCW SSXJD STPWE SV3 SZ9 SZN T13 T16 TEORI TSG TSK TSV TT1 TUC U2A U9L UDS UG4 UKHRP UOJIU UTJUX UZXMN VC2 VFIZW W23 W48 WJK WK8 WOW YLTOR Z45 Z7R Z7U Z7X Z7Y Z7Z Z82 Z83 Z85 Z87 Z88 Z8M Z8O Z8R Z8S Z8T Z8V Z8W Z8Z Z91 Z92 ZMTXR ZOVNA ~EX AAPKM AAYXX ABBRH ABDBE ABFSG ABRTQ ACSTC ADKFA AEZWR AFDZB AFFHD AFHIU AFOHR AHPBZ AHWEU AIXLP ATHPR AYFIA CITATION PHGZM PHGZT PJZUB PPXIY PQGLB ADHKG AGQPQ NPM 7QO 7XB 8FD 8FK AZQEC DWQXO FR3 GNUQQ K9. P64 PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS 7X8 PUEGO |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c3261-98889fa260e34937cf5f60ce70d6af0aa26120b3f9fcc5e5ff9e8043a437cc343 |
| IEDL.DBID | RSV |
| ISSN | 1432-1084 0938-7994 |
| IngestDate | Fri Sep 05 12:28:02 EDT 2025 Tue Dec 02 16:50:30 EST 2025 Mon Jul 21 05:57:10 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 01:48:09 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 21:35:39 EST 2025 Fri Feb 21 02:43:52 EST 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 4 |
| Keywords | Carcinoma, hepatocellular Alpha-Fetoproteins Magnetic resonance imaging Gadolinium ethoxybenzyl DTPA |
| Language | English |
| License | 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Society of Radiology. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c3261-98889fa260e34937cf5f60ce70d6af0aa26120b3f9fcc5e5ff9e8043a437cc343 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2759-4844 |
| PMID | 37792079 |
| PQID | 2972996426 |
| PQPubID | 54162 |
| PageCount | 12 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_2872804238 proquest_journals_2972996426 pubmed_primary_37792079 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00330_023_10214_0 crossref_citationtrail_10_1007_s00330_023_10214_0 springer_journals_10_1007_s00330_023_10214_0 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2024-04-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2024-04-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 04 year: 2024 text: 2024-04-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Berlin/Heidelberg |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Berlin/Heidelberg – name: Germany – name: Heidelberg |
| PublicationTitle | European radiology |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | Eur Radiol |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Eur Radiol |
| PublicationYear | 2024 |
| Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg Springer Nature B.V |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Springer Berlin Heidelberg – name: Springer Nature B.V |
| References | Hasegawa, Kokudo, Makuuchi (CR22) 2013; 58 Kitao, Matsui, Yoneda (CR34) 2020; 30 CR19 Kim, Kim, Lee, Rhim (CR13) 2011; 196 Kim, Choi, Kim, Kim, Lee, Byun (CR26) 2019; 291 Fowler, Sirlin (CR24) 2019; 291 Song, Kim, Lim, Jung, Sohn, Kim (CR21) 2015; 25 Chernyak, Fowler, Kamaya (CR25) 2018; 289 Huang, Ni, Zhou (CR23) 2023; 10 Vipani, Lauzon, Luu, Roberts, Singal, Yang (CR33) 2022; 20 Marrero, Kulik, Sirlin (CR1) 2018; 68 Omata, Cheng, Kokudo (CR4) 2017; 11 Cha, Choi, Kim (CR30) 2020; 30 Park, An, Park, Choi, Kim (CR11) 2018; 28 Hwang, Hong, Park (CR7) 2021; 31 Galle, Foerster, Kudo (CR14) 2019; 39 Huang, Wu, Lu (CR8) 2016; 281 Lee, Kim, Kim (CR9) 2016; 207 Okamoto, Yoshimitsu, Nishie (CR28) 2012; 81 Kitao, Zen, Matsui, Gabata, Nakanuma (CR27) 2009; 252 Hwang, Hong, Han (CR16) 2022; 55 CR3 Choi, Lee, Sirlin (CR5) 2014; 273 Nagtegaal, Odze, Klimstra (CR18) 2020; 76 Choi, Choi, Lee, Park, Rha, Lall (CR29) 2017; 208 Hwang, Park, Han, Choi, Park, Park (CR31) 2019; 44 Kudo, Kawamura, Hasegawa (CR10) 2021; 10 Choi, Tayob, Lim (CR15) 2022 CR20 (CR2) 2018; 69 Yu, Kim, Yoon (CR6) 2014; 271 Marrero, Feng, Wang (CR32) 2009; 137 Jang, Kim, Kim, Choi (CR12) 2015; 56 Huang, Zhou, Wu (CR17) 2023; 33 KM Jang (10214_CR12) 2015; 56 P Huang (10214_CR17) 2023; 33 ID Nagtegaal (10214_CR18) 2020; 76 CJ Park (10214_CR11) 2018; 28 SH Hwang (10214_CR16) 2022; 55 MH Yu (10214_CR6) 2014; 271 K Hasegawa (10214_CR22) 2013; 58 JA Marrero (10214_CR1) 2018; 68 SH Hwang (10214_CR31) 2019; 44 P Huang (10214_CR23) 2023; 10 A Vipani (10214_CR33) 2022; 20 10214_CR3 JA Marrero (10214_CR32) 2009; 137 PR Galle (10214_CR14) 2019; 39 KD Song (10214_CR21) 2015; 25 European Association for the Study of the Liver (10214_CR2) 2018; 69 SJ Lee (10214_CR9) 2016; 207 A Kitao (10214_CR34) 2020; 30 JY Choi (10214_CR5) 2014; 273 M Omata (10214_CR4) 2017; 11 10214_CR19 MH Choi (10214_CR29) 2017; 208 B Huang (10214_CR8) 2016; 281 M Kudo (10214_CR10) 2021; 10 A Kitao (10214_CR27) 2009; 252 J Choi (10214_CR15) 2022 KJ Fowler (10214_CR24) 2019; 291 SH Hwang (10214_CR7) 2021; 31 10214_CR20 DH Kim (10214_CR26) 2019; 291 V Chernyak (10214_CR25) 2018; 289 DI Cha (10214_CR30) 2020; 30 JE Kim (10214_CR13) 2011; 196 D Okamoto (10214_CR28) 2012; 81 37870626 - Eur Radiol. 2023 Oct 23 |
| References_xml | – volume: 252 start-page: 605 year: 2009 end-page: 614 ident: CR27 article-title: Hepatocarcinogenesis: multistep changes of drainage vessels at CT during arterial portography and hepatic arteriography–radiologic-pathologic correlation publication-title: Radiology doi: 10.1148/radiol.2522081414 – volume: 68 start-page: 723 year: 2018 end-page: 750 ident: CR1 article-title: Diagnosis, staging, and management of hepatocellular carcinoma: 2018 practice guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases publication-title: Hepatology doi: 10.1002/hep.29913 – volume: 39 start-page: 2214 year: 2019 end-page: 2229 ident: CR14 article-title: Biology and significance of alpha-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma publication-title: Liver Int doi: 10.1111/liv.14223 – volume: 76 start-page: 182 year: 2020 end-page: 188 ident: CR18 article-title: The 2019 WHO classification of tumours of the digestive system publication-title: Histopathology doi: 10.1111/his.13975 – volume: 25 start-page: 2789 year: 2015 end-page: 2796 ident: CR21 article-title: Subcentimeter hypervascular nodule with typical imaging findings of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with history of hepatocellular carcinoma: natural course on serial gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging publication-title: Eur Radiol doi: 10.1007/s00330-015-3680-9 – volume: 291 start-page: 651 year: 2019 end-page: 657 ident: CR26 article-title: Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI of hepatocellular carcinoma: value of washout in transitional and hepatobiliary phases publication-title: Radiology doi: 10.1148/radiol.2019182587 – volume: 273 start-page: 30 year: 2014 end-page: 50 ident: CR5 article-title: CT and MR imaging diagnosis and staging of hepatocellular carcinoma: part II. Extracellular agents, hepatobiliary agents, and ancillary imaging features publication-title: Radiology doi: 10.1148/radiol.14132362 – volume: 271 start-page: 748 year: 2014 end-page: 760 ident: CR6 article-title: Small (</=1-cm) hepatocellular carcinoma: diagnostic performance and imaging features at gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging publication-title: Radiology doi: 10.1148/radiol.14131996 – volume: 11 start-page: 317 year: 2017 end-page: 370 ident: CR4 article-title: Asia-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: a 2017 update publication-title: Hepatol Int doi: 10.1007/s12072-017-9799-9 – volume: 30 start-page: 3438 year: 2020 end-page: 3447 ident: CR34 article-title: Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging for hepatocellular carcinoma: molecular and genetic background publication-title: Eur Radiol doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06687-y – volume: 10 start-page: 169 year: 2023 end-page: 180 ident: CR23 article-title: Subcentimeter nodules with diagnostic hallmarks of hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of pathological features and survival outcomes with nodules measuring 1–2 cm publication-title: J Hepatocell Carcinoma doi: 10.2147/JHC.S401027 – volume: 69 start-page: 182 year: 2018 end-page: 236 ident: CR2 article-title: EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma publication-title: J Hepatol doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.019 – volume: 58 start-page: 724 year: 2013 end-page: 729 ident: CR22 article-title: Comparison of resection and ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a cohort study based on a Japanese nationwide survey publication-title: J Hepatol doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.11.009 – volume: 281 start-page: 150 year: 2016 end-page: 157 ident: CR8 article-title: Small intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic livers may share similar enhancement patterns at multiphase dynamic MR imaging publication-title: Radiology doi: 10.1148/radiol.2016151205 – volume: 44 start-page: 3078 year: 2019 end-page: 3088 ident: CR31 article-title: Optimal lexicon of gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma modified from LI-RADS publication-title: Abdom Radiol (NY) doi: 10.1007/s00261-019-02077-1 – ident: CR19 – volume: 196 start-page: W758 year: 2011 end-page: 765 ident: CR13 article-title: Hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma 1 cm or smaller in patients with chronic liver disease: characterization with gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI that includes diffusion-weighted imaging publication-title: AJR Am J Roentgenol doi: 10.2214/AJR.10.4394 – volume: 207 start-page: 562 year: 2016 end-page: 570 ident: CR9 article-title: Hepatic angiomyolipoma versus hepatocellular carcinoma in the noncirrhotic liver on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI: a diagnostic challenge publication-title: AJR Am J Roentgenol doi: 10.2214/AJR.15.15602 – volume: 137 start-page: 110 year: 2009 end-page: 118 ident: CR32 article-title: Alpha-fetoprotein, des-gamma carboxyprothrombin, and lectin-bound alpha-fetoprotein in early hepatocellular carcinoma publication-title: Gastroenterology doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.04.005 – ident: CR3 – volume: 55 start-page: 1877 year: 2022 end-page: 1886 ident: CR16 article-title: A new reporting system for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B with clinical and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI features publication-title: J Magn Reson Imaging doi: 10.1002/jmri.27962 – volume: 10 start-page: 181 year: 2021 end-page: 223 ident: CR10 article-title: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan: JSH Consensus Statements and Recommendations 2021 Update publication-title: Liver Cancer doi: 10.1159/000514174 – volume: 208 start-page: 544 year: 2017 end-page: 551 ident: CR29 article-title: MRI of small hepatocellular carcinoma: typical features are less frequent below a size cutoff of 1.5 cm publication-title: AJR Am J Roentgenol doi: 10.2214/AJR.16.16414 – volume: 81 start-page: 1116 year: 2012 end-page: 1121 ident: CR28 article-title: Enhancement pattern analysis of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma on dynamic MR imaging with histopathological correlation: validity of portal phase imaging for predicting tumor grade publication-title: Eur J Radiol doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.02.056 – volume: 20 issue: 1177–1179 year: 2022 ident: CR33 article-title: Decreasing trend of serum alpha-fetoprotein level in hepatocellular carcinoma publication-title: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol – volume: 289 start-page: 816 year: 2018 end-page: 830 ident: CR25 article-title: Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) version 2018: imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma in at-risk patients publication-title: Radiology doi: 10.1148/radiol.2018181494 – volume: 291 start-page: 658 year: 2019 end-page: 659 ident: CR24 article-title: Is it time to expand the definition of washout appearance in LI-RADS? publication-title: Radiology doi: 10.1148/radiol.2019190552 – volume: 30 start-page: 3723 year: 2020 end-page: 3734 ident: CR30 article-title: Extracellular contrast-enhanced MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging for HCC diagnosis: prospective comparison with gadoxetic acid using LI-RADS publication-title: Eur Radiol doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06753-5 – volume: 56 start-page: 526 year: 2015 end-page: 535 ident: CR12 article-title: Imaging features of subcentimeter hypointense nodules on gadoxetic acid-enhanced hepatobiliary phase MR imaging that progress to hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease publication-title: Acta Radiol doi: 10.1177/0284185114534652 – year: 2022 ident: CR15 article-title: Detecting early hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B using longitudinal alpha-fetoprotein screening publication-title: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.08.018 – volume: 31 start-page: 2321 year: 2021 end-page: 2331 ident: CR7 article-title: Subcentimeter hepatocellular carcinoma in treatment-naive patients: noninvasive diagnostic criteria and tumor staging on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI publication-title: Eur Radiol doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-07329-z – volume: 28 start-page: 1476 year: 2018 end-page: 1484 ident: CR11 article-title: Management of subcentimetre arterially enhancing and hepatobiliary hypointense lesions on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI in patients at risk for HCC publication-title: Eur Radiol doi: 10.1007/s00330-017-5088-1 – ident: CR20 – volume: 33 start-page: 2735 year: 2023 end-page: 2745 ident: CR17 article-title: An improved diagnostic algorithm for subcentimeter hepatocellular carcinoma on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI publication-title: Eur Radiol doi: 10.1007/s00330-022-09282-5 – volume: 252 start-page: 605 year: 2009 ident: 10214_CR27 publication-title: Radiology doi: 10.1148/radiol.2522081414 – volume: 20 issue: 1177–1179 year: 2022 ident: 10214_CR33 publication-title: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol – volume: 11 start-page: 317 year: 2017 ident: 10214_CR4 publication-title: Hepatol Int doi: 10.1007/s12072-017-9799-9 – volume: 31 start-page: 2321 year: 2021 ident: 10214_CR7 publication-title: Eur Radiol doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-07329-z – volume: 291 start-page: 658 year: 2019 ident: 10214_CR24 publication-title: Radiology doi: 10.1148/radiol.2019190552 – volume: 25 start-page: 2789 year: 2015 ident: 10214_CR21 publication-title: Eur Radiol doi: 10.1007/s00330-015-3680-9 – volume: 196 start-page: W758 year: 2011 ident: 10214_CR13 publication-title: AJR Am J Roentgenol doi: 10.2214/AJR.10.4394 – volume: 39 start-page: 2214 year: 2019 ident: 10214_CR14 publication-title: Liver Int doi: 10.1111/liv.14223 – volume: 273 start-page: 30 year: 2014 ident: 10214_CR5 publication-title: Radiology doi: 10.1148/radiol.14132362 – volume: 58 start-page: 724 year: 2013 ident: 10214_CR22 publication-title: J Hepatol doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.11.009 – ident: 10214_CR3 doi: 10.1159/000488035 – volume: 69 start-page: 182 year: 2018 ident: 10214_CR2 publication-title: J Hepatol doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.019 – volume: 55 start-page: 1877 year: 2022 ident: 10214_CR16 publication-title: J Magn Reson Imaging doi: 10.1002/jmri.27962 – volume: 33 start-page: 2735 year: 2023 ident: 10214_CR17 publication-title: Eur Radiol doi: 10.1007/s00330-022-09282-5 – volume: 207 start-page: 562 year: 2016 ident: 10214_CR9 publication-title: AJR Am J Roentgenol doi: 10.2214/AJR.15.15602 – ident: 10214_CR20 doi: 10.4172/2161-1165.1000227 – volume: 30 start-page: 3438 year: 2020 ident: 10214_CR34 publication-title: Eur Radiol doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06687-y – ident: 10214_CR19 – volume: 76 start-page: 182 year: 2020 ident: 10214_CR18 publication-title: Histopathology doi: 10.1111/his.13975 – volume: 44 start-page: 3078 year: 2019 ident: 10214_CR31 publication-title: Abdom Radiol (NY) doi: 10.1007/s00261-019-02077-1 – volume: 81 start-page: 1116 year: 2012 ident: 10214_CR28 publication-title: Eur J Radiol doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.02.056 – volume: 289 start-page: 816 year: 2018 ident: 10214_CR25 publication-title: Radiology doi: 10.1148/radiol.2018181494 – volume: 137 start-page: 110 year: 2009 ident: 10214_CR32 publication-title: Gastroenterology doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.04.005 – volume: 10 start-page: 181 year: 2021 ident: 10214_CR10 publication-title: Liver Cancer doi: 10.1159/000514174 – volume: 68 start-page: 723 year: 2018 ident: 10214_CR1 publication-title: Hepatology doi: 10.1002/hep.29913 – volume: 10 start-page: 169 year: 2023 ident: 10214_CR23 publication-title: J Hepatocell Carcinoma doi: 10.2147/JHC.S401027 – volume: 28 start-page: 1476 year: 2018 ident: 10214_CR11 publication-title: Eur Radiol doi: 10.1007/s00330-017-5088-1 – volume: 56 start-page: 526 year: 2015 ident: 10214_CR12 publication-title: Acta Radiol doi: 10.1177/0284185114534652 – year: 2022 ident: 10214_CR15 publication-title: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.08.018 – volume: 271 start-page: 748 year: 2014 ident: 10214_CR6 publication-title: Radiology doi: 10.1148/radiol.14131996 – volume: 208 start-page: 544 year: 2017 ident: 10214_CR29 publication-title: AJR Am J Roentgenol doi: 10.2214/AJR.16.16414 – volume: 281 start-page: 150 year: 2016 ident: 10214_CR8 publication-title: Radiology doi: 10.1148/radiol.2016151205 – volume: 291 start-page: 651 year: 2019 ident: 10214_CR26 publication-title: Radiology doi: 10.1148/radiol.2019182587 – volume: 30 start-page: 3723 year: 2020 ident: 10214_CR30 publication-title: Eur Radiol doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06753-5 – reference: 37870626 - Eur Radiol. 2023 Oct 23;: |
| SSID | ssj0009147 |
| Score | 2.4716945 |
| Snippet | Objective
To investigate the role of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in diagnosing subcentimeter hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI... To investigate the role of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in diagnosing subcentimeter hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI (EOB-MRI).... ObjectiveTo investigate the role of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in diagnosing subcentimeter hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI... To investigate the role of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in diagnosing subcentimeter hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed crossref springer |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 2271 |
| SubjectTerms | Algorithms Criteria Derivation Diagnostic Radiology Diagnostic systems Hepatitis Hepatitis B Hepatobiliary-Pancreas Hepatocellular carcinoma Imaging Internal Medicine Interventional Radiology Liver cancer Magnetic resonance imaging Medical diagnosis Medical imaging Medicine Medicine & Public Health Neuroradiology Pathology Patients Radiology Regression analysis Sensitivity Subgroups Ultrasound α-Fetoprotein |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: Biological Science Database dbid: M7P link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3LbtQwFLWgIMSG8mZoQUZiBxaexHl4hSqgAolWFQLUXeTnTKSOU5oMYskPdMUf8iXc63hmhCq6YR07tnLt-Fz7-BxCngs_zQudeWarXGOCopjOSseEqZ0pVSl0JNF8_VgdHtbHx_Iobbj1iVa5-ifGH7XtDO6Rv8okwEAJaLl8ffqNoWsUnq4mC42r5BqqJGSRune0Ed2dRoMxSNprVkkp0qWZeHUOTcw4gxWLRXNrxv9emC6gzQsnpXEB2t_-367fJrcS9KR741i5Q664cJfcOEiH6_fI-duRdgePqTqZwRuG-YICqKX9UiOJs10gd4bOYQUbOtzxRworNehGFLqFosihn9F4e5d5N3RRA6INVAVL20W0Q6LeRSXRnnaBzpTtfrjYnGnt75-_XJhHQgI9-PThPvmy_-7zm_csuTUwk-MmloRcWnoF-ZHLBYAe4wtfcuMqbkvluVIoVsZ17qU3pnCF99LVXORKQFmTi_wB2QpdcI8IzTX33BqhCydFrSupIXGqrdDGVgog0YRMV6FqTJIyR0eNk2YtwhzD20B4mxjeBuq8WNc5HYU8Li29uwplkyZ132ziOCHP1o9hOuIXV8F1SyhTo98XYNR6Qh6OI2fdHGo7ZrySE_JyNZQ2L_93Xx5f3pcdcjMDoDWyiXbJ1nC2dE_IdfN9aPuzp3FC_AElYxKM priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest |
| Title | Diagnostic algorithm for subcentimeter hepatocellular carcinoma using alpha-fetoprotein and imaging features on gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI |
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00330-023-10214-0 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37792079 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2972996426 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2872804238 |
| Volume | 34 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1432-1084 dateEnd: 20241213 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0009147 issn: 1432-1084 databaseCode: P5Z dateStart: 20210101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/hightechjournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Biological Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1432-1084 dateEnd: 20241213 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0009147 issn: 1432-1084 databaseCode: M7P dateStart: 20210101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1432-1084 dateEnd: 20241213 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0009147 issn: 1432-1084 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 20210101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Nursing & Allied Health Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1432-1084 dateEnd: 20241213 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0009147 issn: 1432-1084 databaseCode: 7RV dateStart: 19970101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/nahs providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1432-1084 dateEnd: 20241213 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0009147 issn: 1432-1084 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20210101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVAVX databaseName: SpringerLink Contemporary customDbUrl: eissn: 1432-1084 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0009147 issn: 1432-1084 databaseCode: RSV dateStart: 19970101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://link.springer.com/search?facet-content-type=%22Journal%22 providerName: Springer Nature |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lj9MwELZgFyEuy3OhsFRG4gaR0tiJ7SOPXYHEVlWBquIS2Y7dRto6qElXHPkDnPiH_BLGzmOFFpDg4ovt2BrbmRn7m_kQekrthKQqsVHBiPIOioxUkpmIam50JjOqAohm8Y5Np3y5FLMuKKzu0e79k2T4Uw_Bbp52LI5Ax0SBjjoCR30f1B33hA3z94uLVLsTyrrwmN_3-1UFXbIrL72JBlVzcvP_JnkLHXSmJX7R7oXb6Ipxd9D10-7x_C769rqF1UE1lmerals26w0GoxXXO-VBmuXGY2PwGjRUU_kbfQ9RxdqzDblqI7HHyK9wiM6NrGmqkOOhdFi6ApebQHeErQmZQmtcObySRfXFhOF0Wfz4-t24dQAc4NP523vo48nxh1dvoo6NIdLEX1IJ8JWFleD_GELBqNE2tVmsDYuLTNpYSp-MLFbECqt1alJrheExJZJCW00oOUR7rnLmAcJExTYuNFWpEZQrJhQ4RrygShdMgskzQpN-gXLdpSr3jBln-ZBkOcg5BznnQc459Hk29PncJur4a-ujft3z7tDWeSLA0xDgkGUj9GSohuPmJS6dqXbQhns-L7BB-Qjdb_fLMJzP3ZjETIzQ835zXHz8z3N5-G_NH6EbCRhWLXroCO012515jK7p86ast2N0lc0XvlyyUPIx2n95PJ3Nxx7VOoNyln4ahwPzE65gDIM |
| linkProvider | Springer Nature |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3LbtQwFL0qBQEb3o-BAkaCFVh4EufhBUKIUnXUmVGFCqq6CbZjz0TqJKWZ4bHjB1jxH3wUX8K1k8wIVXTXBWs7ieUc33ts33sPwBNu-2GkAkvzJFRugyKpCmJDuU6NjmXMlQ-i-TBMxuN0f1_srsGvLhfGhVV2NtEb6rzS7oz8RSCQBgpky_Gro0_UqUa529VOQqOBxY759gW3bPXLwSb-36dBsPV27802bVUFqA7dYYvAPZ-wEnm8CTk6Z20jGzNtEpbH0jIpXVEtpkIrrNaRiawVJmU8lBz76pCH-N5zcJ7zgLlVtBsdrIr89r2gGRNoRBIheJuk41P1nGgao-ghqRfTpuxvR3iC3Z64mfUOb-vq_zZV1-BKS63J62YtXIc1U96Ai6M2eOAm_NhswgqxmcjDCY54Pp0RJO2kXigXpFrMXGwQmaKHnlfuRsOF6BLt1JbKaiaJyxGYEJ-dTK2ZV77GRVESWeakmHm5J2KNr5Rak6okE5lXX43_nC7y399_mnLqAy7I6N3gFrw_k8m4DetlVZq7QELFLMs1V5ERPFWJULgxTHOudJ5IpHw96HfQyHRbqt0phhxmyyLTHk4ZwinzcMrwmWfLZ46aQiWn9t7ooJO1RqvOVrjpweNlM5obN-OyNNUC-6ROzww5eNqDOw1Sl59ztSsDlogePO-gu3r5v8dy7_SxPIJL23ujYTYcjHfuw-UASWUTObUB6_PjhXkAF_TneVEfP_SLkcDHs4b0HzxzbzE |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3LbtQwFL0qBVVseD8GChgJVmDVkzgPLxBCDCNGbUcjBKhiE2zHnonUSUonw2PHD7Dib_gcvoRrJ5kRquiuC9ZxHMs5uY_43HsAHnHbDyMVWJonoXIJiqQqiA3lOjU6ljFXnkTzfi8Zj9ODAzHZgF9dLYyjVXY20RvqvNLuH_lOIDAMFBgtxzu2pUVMBsPnR5-oU5ByJ62dnEYDkV3z7Qumb4tnowG-68dBMHz19uVr2ioMUB26Hy8C8z9hJcb0JuToqLWNbMy0SVgeS8ukdA22mAqtsFpHJrJWmJTxUHIcq0Me4rzn4HyCOaajE06iD-uGv30vbsYEGpRECN4W7PiyPSegxih6S-qFtSn72ymeiHRPnNJ65ze8_D9v2xW41Ibc5EXzjVyFDVNeg639llRwHX4MGrohXibycIorrmdzgsE8WSyVI68Wc8cZIjP03HXlTjocdZdop8JUVnNJXO3AlPiqZWpNXfneF0VJZJmTYu5loIg1voPqglQlmcq8-mr843SR__7-05QzT8Qg-29GN-DdmWzGTdgsq9LcBhIqZlmuuYqM4KlKhMKEMc250nkiMRTsQb-DSabbFu5OSeQwWzWf9tDKEFqZh1aG9zxZ3XPUNDA5dfR2B6OsNWaLbI2hHjxcXUYz5HZclqZa4pjU6ZxhbJ724FaD2tXjXE_LgCWiB087GK8n__da7py-lgewhUjO9kbj3btwMcBYsyFUbcNmfbw09-CC_lwXi-P7_rsk8PGsEf0Hc093-w |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Diagnostic+algorithm+for+subcentimeter+hepatocellular+carcinoma+using+alpha-fetoprotein+and+imaging+features+on+gadoxetic+acid-enhanced+MRI&rft.jtitle=European+radiology&rft.au=Huang%2C+Peng&rft.au=Wu%2C+Fei&rft.au=Hou%2C+Kai&rft.au=Zhou%2C+Changwu&rft.date=2024-04-01&rft.issn=1432-1084&rft.eissn=1432-1084&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2271&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00330-023-10214-0&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1432-1084&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1432-1084&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1432-1084&client=summon |