Program Characterization Using Runtime Values and Its Application to Software Plagiarism Detection

Illegal code reuse has become a serious threat to the software community. Identifying similar or identical code fragments becomes much more challenging in code theft cases where plagiarizers can use various automated code transformation or obfuscation techniques to hide stolen code from being detect...

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Vydáno v:	IEEE transactions on software engineering Ročník 41; číslo 9; s. 925 - 943
Hlavní autoři:	Jhi, Yoon-Chan, Jia, Xiaoqi, Wang, Xinran, Zhu, Sencun, Liu, Peng, Wu, Dinghao
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	New York IEEE 01.09.2015 IEEE Computer Society
Témata:	Automation Code reuse Coding theory Computer programming Computer programs dynamic code identification Dynamics Fragments Java Optimization Plagiarism Program processors Prototypes Run time (computers) Runtime Semantics Software Software engineering Software plagiarism detection Source code Studies Transformations Software plagiarism detection dynamic code identification
ISSN:	0098-5589, 1939-3520
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Abstract	Illegal code reuse has become a serious threat to the software community. Identifying similar or identical code fragments becomes much more challenging in code theft cases where plagiarizers can use various automated code transformation or obfuscation techniques to hide stolen code from being detected. Previous works in this field are largely limited in that (i) most of them cannot handle advanced obfuscation techniques, and (ii) the methods based on source code analysis are not practical since the source code of suspicious programs typically cannot be obtained until strong evidences have been collected. Based on the observation that some critical runtime values of a program are hard to be replaced or eliminated by semantics-preserving transformation techniques, we introduce a novel approach to dynamic characterization of executable programs. Leveraging such invariant values, our technique is resilient to various control and data obfuscation techniques. We show how the values can be extracted and refined to expose the critical values and how we can apply this runtime property to help solve problems in software plagiarism detection. We have implemented a prototype with a dynamic taint analyzer atop a generic processor emulator. Our value-based plagiarism detection method (VaPD) uses the longest common subsequence based similarity measuring algorithms to check whether two code fragments belong to the same lineage. We evaluate our proposed method through a set of real-world automated obfuscators. Our experimental results show that the value-based method successfully discriminates 34 plagiarisms obfuscated by SandMark, plagiarisms heavily obfuscated by KlassMaster, programs obfuscated by Thicket, and executables obfuscated by Loco/Diablo.
AbstractList	Illegal code reuse has become a serious threat to the software community. Identifying similar or identical code fragments becomes much more challenging in code theft cases where plagiarizers can use various automated code transformation or obfuscation techniques to hide stolen code from being detected. Previous works in this field are largely limited in that (i) most of them cannot handle advanced obfuscation techniques, and (ii) the methods based on source code analysis are not practical since the source code of suspicious programs typically cannot be obtained until strong evidences have been collected. Based on the observation that some critical runtime values of a program are hard to be replaced or eliminated by semantics-preserving transformation techniques, we introduce a novel approach to dynamic characterization of executable programs. Leveraging such invariant values, our technique is resilient to various control and data obfuscation techniques. We show how the values can be extracted and refined to expose the critical values and how we can apply this runtime property to help solve problems in software plagiarism detection. We have implemented a prototype with a dynamic taint analyzer atop a generic processor emulator. Our value-based plagiarism detection method (VaPD) uses the longest common subsequence based similarity measuring algorithms to check whether two code fragments belong to the same lineage. We evaluate our proposed method through a set of real-world automated obfuscators. Our experimental results show that the value-based method successfully discriminates 34 plagiarisms obfuscated by SandMark, plagiarisms heavily obfuscated by KlassMaster, programs obfuscated by Thicket, and executables obfuscated by Loco/Diablo.
Author	Xiaoqi Jia Xinran Wang Sencun Zhu Yoon-Chan Jhi Peng Liu Dinghao Wu
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SubjectTerms	Automation Code reuse Coding theory Computer programming Computer programs dynamic code identification Dynamics Fragments Java Optimization Plagiarism Program processors Prototypes Run time (computers) Runtime Semantics Software Software engineering Software plagiarism detection Source code Studies Transformations
Title	Program Characterization Using Runtime Values and Its Application to Software Plagiarism Detection
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