Effect of Combining Inspiratory Muscle Training with Deep Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises on Diaphragm Excursion in Subjects with Multiple Sclerosis

ObjectiveMultiple sclerosis (MS) involves respiratory muscle weakness that can lead to critical complications. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is a therapeutic intervention that effectively strengthens the respiratory muscles. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of IMT combined with...

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Published in:NeuroRehabilitation (Reading, Mass.) Vol. 57; no. 2; p. 216
Main Authors: Ahmad, Ahmad Mahdi, Ali Ahmed, Reham Ali Mohamed, Hassan, Mai Helmy, Ali, Heba Mohammed
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 01.09.2025
Subjects:
Adult
Breathing Exercises - methods
Diaphragm - physiopathology
Female
Humans
Inhalation - physiology
Male
Middle Aged
Multiple Sclerosis - complications
Multiple Sclerosis - physiopathology
Multiple Sclerosis - rehabilitation
Muscle Strength - physiology
Respiratory Muscles - physiopathology
Treatment Outcome
fatigue
pulmonary dysfunction index
diaphragm excursion
deep diaphragmatic breathing exercises
multiple sclerosis
inspiratory muscle training
maximal inspiratory pressure
ISSN:1878-6448, 1878-6448
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Abstract ObjectiveMultiple sclerosis (MS) involves respiratory muscle weakness that can lead to critical complications. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is a therapeutic intervention that effectively strengthens the respiratory muscles. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of IMT combined with deep diaphragmatic breathing exercises with respect to diaphragm excursion, respiratory muscle strength, and fatigue in subjects with MS.MethodsThirty-six subjects with MS, aged 25-45 years, with mild to moderate disability, were assigned equally to a study and an active control group. The study group (i.e., the IMT group) received IMT combined with deep diaphragm breathing exercises, while the control group received only deep diaphragm breathing exercises. The interventions were provided for 15 min, three days per week, and 8 weeks. The primary outcome measure was diaphragm excursion, and the secondary outcome measures were maximal inspiratory pressure (Pimax), fatigue severity scale (FSS), and pulmonary dysfunction index (PDI).ResultsThe IMT group showed significantly more improvements in diaphragm excursion (p < 0.001), Pimax (p = 0.002), FSS (p < 0.001), and PDI (p < 0.001) than the control group.ConclusionIMT combined with deep diaphragmatic breathing exercises could lead to better improvements in diaphragm excursion, inspiratory muscle strength, fatigue symptoms, and PDI than deep diaphragmatic breathing exercises alone in subjects with MS and mild to moderate disability.
AbstractList ObjectiveMultiple sclerosis (MS) involves respiratory muscle weakness that can lead to critical complications. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is a therapeutic intervention that effectively strengthens the respiratory muscles. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of IMT combined with deep diaphragmatic breathing exercises with respect to diaphragm excursion, respiratory muscle strength, and fatigue in subjects with MS.MethodsThirty-six subjects with MS, aged 25-45 years, with mild to moderate disability, were assigned equally to a study and an active control group. The study group (i.e., the IMT group) received IMT combined with deep diaphragm breathing exercises, while the control group received only deep diaphragm breathing exercises. The interventions were provided for 15 min, three days per week, and 8 weeks. The primary outcome measure was diaphragm excursion, and the secondary outcome measures were maximal inspiratory pressure (Pimax), fatigue severity scale (FSS), and pulmonary dysfunction index (PDI).ResultsThe IMT group showed significantly more improvements in diaphragm excursion (p < 0.001), Pimax (p = 0.002), FSS (p < 0.001), and PDI (p < 0.001) than the control group.ConclusionIMT combined with deep diaphragmatic breathing exercises could lead to better improvements in diaphragm excursion, inspiratory muscle strength, fatigue symptoms, and PDI than deep diaphragmatic breathing exercises alone in subjects with MS and mild to moderate disability.
ObjectiveMultiple sclerosis (MS) involves respiratory muscle weakness that can lead to critical complications. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is a therapeutic intervention that effectively strengthens the respiratory muscles. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of IMT combined with deep diaphragmatic breathing exercises with respect to diaphragm excursion, respiratory muscle strength, and fatigue in subjects with MS.MethodsThirty-six subjects with MS, aged 25-45 years, with mild to moderate disability, were assigned equally to a study and an active control group. The study group (i.e., the IMT group) received IMT combined with deep diaphragm breathing exercises, while the control group received only deep diaphragm breathing exercises. The interventions were provided for 15 min, three days per week, and 8 weeks. The primary outcome measure was diaphragm excursion, and the secondary outcome measures were maximal inspiratory pressure (Pimax), fatigue severity scale (FSS), and pulmonary dysfunction index (PDI).ResultsThe IMT group showed significantly more improvements in diaphragm excursion (p < 0.001), Pimax (p = 0.002), FSS (p < 0.001), and PDI (p < 0.001) than the control group.ConclusionIMT combined with deep diaphragmatic breathing exercises could lead to better improvements in diaphragm excursion, inspiratory muscle strength, fatigue symptoms, and PDI than deep diaphragmatic breathing exercises alone in subjects with MS and mild to moderate disability.ObjectiveMultiple sclerosis (MS) involves respiratory muscle weakness that can lead to critical complications. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is a therapeutic intervention that effectively strengthens the respiratory muscles. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of IMT combined with deep diaphragmatic breathing exercises with respect to diaphragm excursion, respiratory muscle strength, and fatigue in subjects with MS.MethodsThirty-six subjects with MS, aged 25-45 years, with mild to moderate disability, were assigned equally to a study and an active control group. The study group (i.e., the IMT group) received IMT combined with deep diaphragm breathing exercises, while the control group received only deep diaphragm breathing exercises. The interventions were provided for 15 min, three days per week, and 8 weeks. The primary outcome measure was diaphragm excursion, and the secondary outcome measures were maximal inspiratory pressure (Pimax), fatigue severity scale (FSS), and pulmonary dysfunction index (PDI).ResultsThe IMT group showed significantly more improvements in diaphragm excursion (p < 0.001), Pimax (p = 0.002), FSS (p < 0.001), and PDI (p < 0.001) than the control group.ConclusionIMT combined with deep diaphragmatic breathing exercises could lead to better improvements in diaphragm excursion, inspiratory muscle strength, fatigue symptoms, and PDI than deep diaphragmatic breathing exercises alone in subjects with MS and mild to moderate disability.
Author Hassan, Mai Helmy
Ali, Heba Mohammed
Ali Ahmed, Reham Ali Mohamed
Ahmad, Ahmad Mahdi
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  surname: Ali
  fullname: Ali, Heba Mohammed
  organization: Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorders and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Keywords fatigue
pulmonary dysfunction index
diaphragm excursion
deep diaphragmatic breathing exercises
multiple sclerosis
inspiratory muscle training
maximal inspiratory pressure
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Snippet ObjectiveMultiple sclerosis (MS) involves respiratory muscle weakness that can lead to critical complications. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is a...
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StartPage 216
SubjectTerms Adult
Breathing Exercises - methods
Diaphragm - physiopathology
Female
Humans
Inhalation - physiology
Male
Middle Aged
Multiple Sclerosis - complications
Multiple Sclerosis - physiopathology
Multiple Sclerosis - rehabilitation
Muscle Strength - physiology
Respiratory Muscles - physiopathology
Treatment Outcome
Title Effect of Combining Inspiratory Muscle Training with Deep Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises on Diaphragm Excursion in Subjects with Multiple Sclerosis
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