Adaptive Frequency-Domain Equalization in Mode-Division Multiplexing Systems
Long-haul mode-division multiplexing (MDM) employs adaptive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) equalization to compensate for modal crosstalk and modal dispersion. MDM systems must typically use MIMO frequency-domain equalization (FDE) to minimize computational complexity, in contrast to polarization-d...
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| Vydáno v: | Journal of lightwave technology Ročník 32; číslo 10; s. 1841 - 1852 |
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| Hlavní autoři: | , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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New York, NY
IEEE
15.05.2014
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
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| ISSN: | 0733-8724, 1558-2213 |
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| Abstract | Long-haul mode-division multiplexing (MDM) employs adaptive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) equalization to compensate for modal crosstalk and modal dispersion. MDM systems must typically use MIMO frequency-domain equalization (FDE) to minimize computational complexity, in contrast to polarization-division-multiplexed systems in single-mode fiber, where time-domain equalization (TDE) has low complexity and is often employed to compensate for polarization effects. We study two adaptive algorithms for MIMO FDE: least mean squares (LMS) and recursive least squares (RLS). We analyze tradeoffs between computational complexity, cyclic prefix efficiency, adaptation time and output symbol-error ratio (SER), and the impact of channel group delay spread and fast Fourier transform (FFT) block length on these. Using FDE, computational complexity increases sublinearly with the number of modes, in contrast to TDE. Adaptation to an initially unknown fiber can be achieved in ~3-5 μs using RLS or ~15-25 μs using LMS in fibers supporting 6-30 modes. As compared to LMS, RLS achieves faster adaptation, higher cyclic prefix efficiency, lower SER, and greater tolerance to mode-dependent loss, but at the cost of higher complexity per FFT block. To ensure low computational complexity and fast adaptation in an MDM system, a low overall group delay spread is required. This is achieved here by a family of graded-index graded depressed-cladding fibers in which the uncoupled group delay spread decreases with an increasing number of modes, in concert with strong mode coupling. |
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| AbstractList | Long-haul mode-division multiplexing (MDM) employs adaptive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) equalization to compensate for modal crosstalk and modal dispersion. MDM systems must typically use MIMO frequency-domain equalization (FDE) to minimize computational complexity, in contrast to polarization-division-multiplexed systems in single-mode fiber, where time-domain equalization (TDE) has low complexity and is often employed to compensate for polarization effects. We study two adaptive algorithms for MIMO FDE: least mean squares (LMS) and recursive least squares (RLS). We analyze tradeoffs between computational complexity, cyclic prefix efficiency, adaptation time and output symbol-error ratio (SER), and the impact of channel group delay spread and fast Fourier transform (FFT) block length on these. Using FDE, computational complexity increases sublinearly with the number of modes, in contrast to TDE. Adaptation to an initially unknown fiber can be achieved in ~3-5 μs using RLS or ~15-25 μs using LMS in fibers supporting 6-30 modes. As compared to LMS, RLS achieves faster adaptation, higher cyclic prefix efficiency, lower SER, and greater tolerance to mode-dependent loss, but at the cost of higher complexity per FFT block. To ensure low computational complexity and fast adaptation in an MDM system, a low overall group delay spread is required. This is achieved here by a family of graded-index graded depressed-cladding fibers in which the uncoupled group delay spread decreases with an increasing number of modes, in concert with strong mode coupling. Long-haul mode-division multiplexing (MDM) employs adaptive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) equalization to compensate for modal crosstalk and modal dispersion. MDM systems must typically use MIMO frequency-domain equalization (FDE) to minimize computational complexity, in contrast to polarization-division-multiplexed systems in single-mode fiber, where time-domain equalization (TDE) has low complexity and is often employed to compensate for polarization effects. We study two adaptive algorithms for MIMO FDE: least mean squares (LMS) and recursive least squares (RLS). We analyze tradeoffs between computational complexity, cyclic prefix efficiency, adaptation time and output symbol-error ratio (SER), and the impact of channel group delay spread and fast Fourier transform (FFT) block length on these. Using FDE, computational complexity increases sublinearly with the number of modes, in contrast to TDE. Adaptation to an initially unknown fiber can be achieved in ∼3-5 μs using RLS or ∼15-25 μs using LMS in fibers supporting 6-30 modes. As compared to LMS, RLS achieves faster adaptation, higher cyclic prefix efficiency, lower SER, and greater tolerance to mode-dependent loss, but at the cost of higher complexity per FFT block. To ensure low computational complexity and fast adaptation in an MDM system, a low overall group delay spread is required. This is achieved here by a family of graded-index graded depressed-cladding fibers in which the uncoupled group delay spread decreases with an increasing number of modes, in concert with strong mode coupling. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
| Author | Askarov, Daulet Arik, Sercan O. Kahn, Joseph M. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sercan O. surname: Arik fullname: Arik, Sercan O. email: soarik@stanford.edu organization: Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Daulet surname: Askarov fullname: Askarov, Daulet email: daskarov@stanford.edu organization: Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Joseph M. surname: Kahn fullname: Kahn, Joseph M. email: jmk@ee.stanford.edu organization: Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA |
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| Keywords | Performance evaluation mode coupling Adaptive algorithm Fast Fourier transformation Crosstalk Gradient index mode-division multiplexing multi-mode fiber Least squares method multi-mode coherent receiver MIMO Symbol error rate MIMO system DSP complexity Single mode fiber Adaptive equalizers Frequency domain method Equalization Recursive algorithm Computational complexity Time domain method Integrated circuit Polarization division multiplexing Recursive method few-mode fiber receiver signal processing Long distance transmission Modal dispersion Least mean squares methods Group delay |
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| SubjectTerms | Algorithms Applied sciences Circuit properties Computational complexity Couplings Detection, estimation, filtering, equalization, prediction DSP complexity Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits Electronics equalization Exact sciences and technology few-mode fiber Fourier transforms Information, signal and communications theory Integrated optics. Optical fibers and wave guides Least squares approximations MIMO modal dispersion mode coupling mode-division multiplexing multi-mode coherent receiver multi-mode fiber Optical and optoelectronic circuits Optical fiber dispersion Optical fiber polarization receiver signal processing Signal and communications theory Signal, noise Systems, networks and services of telecommunications Telecommunications Telecommunications and information theory Transmission and modulation (techniques and equipments) |
| Title | Adaptive Frequency-Domain Equalization in Mode-Division Multiplexing Systems |
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