Optimization of graphene-based biosensor design for haemoglobin detection using the gradient boosting algorithm for behaviour prediction

•A biosensor based on a metasurfaces for detecting hemoglobin is presented.•The Gradient Boosting Algorithm predicts absorption metrics with an R2 score of 1.0.•The proposed sensor demonstrates remarkable sensitivity, achieving a peak value of 267 GHzRIU−1.•An optimal quality factor of 10.457 is exh...

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