Visualizing Changes in the Age-Distributions of Homicides in the United States: 1964–2019

Objective To demonstrate how visualization can aid in understanding crime rate data and provide new insights and hypotheses for some central criminological questions about homicide offending over time. Methods The research uses arrest data that is based on a mixture of single year age data and other...

Celý popis

Uloženo v:

Podrobná bibliografie
Vydáno v:	Journal of quantitative criminology Ročník 39; číslo 2; s. 495 - 518
Hlavní autor:	O’Brien, Robert M.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	New York Springer US 01.06.2023 Springer Nature B.V
Témata:	Age Age groups Arrests Crime Criminal statistics Criminology Criminology and Criminal Justice Data Graphs Homicide Law and Criminolgy Methodology of the Social Sciences Murders & murder attempts Offending Original Paper Rates Sociology Statistical analysis Statistical methods Statistics Visualization Youth United States > US The great drop in U.S. homicide rates Visualizing homicide rates by age Invariant age curve of homicide offending Cohort effects on the age curve of homicide offending Epidemic of youth homicide
ISSN:	0748-4518, 1573-7799
On-line přístup:	Získat plný text
Tagy:	Přidat tag Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!

Abstract	Objective To demonstrate how visualization can aid in understanding crime rate data and provide new insights and hypotheses for some central criminological questions about homicide offending over time. Methods The research uses arrest data that is based on a mixture of single year age data and other age groupings to produce single years of age estimates of homicide offending for those 15–64 from 1964 to 2019. This data is then presented in surface plots, contour plots, and with graphs based on simple statistics to address four areas of research: the increase in homicide rates from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, the drop in homicide offending from the early 1990s to 2000, the epidemic of youth homicide, and the invariance of the homicide age-curve. Results The epidemic of youth homicide (ages 15–24) lasts well into the period when homicide rates dropped in the 1990s. For most of the population (excluding those 15–24) the homicide drop is initiated around 1980 rather than the early 1990s. However, the homicide increase of mid-1960s to mid-1970s included increases in the homicide rate for both those 15–24 and those not in the 15–24 age group. Conclusions Researchers can learn much about important areas in criminology by examining the relationship between age and homicide offending using simple visualizations based on raw data and pursue what they learn using line graphs based on elementary statistics and simple statistical methods. Of course, complicated statistical methods are called for in many situations.
AbstractList	ObjectiveTo demonstrate how visualization can aid in understanding crime rate data and provide new insights and hypotheses for some central criminological questions about homicide offending over time.MethodsThe research uses arrest data that is based on a mixture of single year age data and other age groupings to produce single years of age estimates of homicide offending for those 15–64 from 1964 to 2019. This data is then presented in surface plots, contour plots, and with graphs based on simple statistics to address four areas of research: the increase in homicide rates from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, the drop in homicide offending from the early 1990s to 2000, the epidemic of youth homicide, and the invariance of the homicide age-curve.ResultsThe epidemic of youth homicide (ages 15–24) lasts well into the period when homicide rates dropped in the 1990s. For most of the population (excluding those 15–24) the homicide drop is initiated around 1980 rather than the early 1990s. However, the homicide increase of mid-1960s to mid-1970s included increases in the homicide rate for both those 15–24 and those not in the 15–24 age group.ConclusionsResearchers can learn much about important areas in criminology by examining the relationship between age and homicide offending using simple visualizations based on raw data and pursue what they learn using line graphs based on elementary statistics and simple statistical methods. Of course, complicated statistical methods are called for in many situations. Objective To demonstrate how visualization can aid in understanding crime rate data and provide new insights and hypotheses for some central criminological questions about homicide offending over time. Methods The research uses arrest data that is based on a mixture of single year age data and other age groupings to produce single years of age estimates of homicide offending for those 15–64 from 1964 to 2019. This data is then presented in surface plots, contour plots, and with graphs based on simple statistics to address four areas of research: the increase in homicide rates from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, the drop in homicide offending from the early 1990s to 2000, the epidemic of youth homicide, and the invariance of the homicide age-curve. Results The epidemic of youth homicide (ages 15–24) lasts well into the period when homicide rates dropped in the 1990s. For most of the population (excluding those 15–24) the homicide drop is initiated around 1980 rather than the early 1990s. However, the homicide increase of mid-1960s to mid-1970s included increases in the homicide rate for both those 15–24 and those not in the 15–24 age group. Conclusions Researchers can learn much about important areas in criminology by examining the relationship between age and homicide offending using simple visualizations based on raw data and pursue what they learn using line graphs based on elementary statistics and simple statistical methods. Of course, complicated statistical methods are called for in many situations.
Author	O’Brien, Robert M.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Robert M. orcidid: 0000-0002-8269-2906 surname: O’Brien fullname: O’Brien, Robert M. email: bobrien@uoregon.edu organization: Department of Sociology, 1291 University of Oregon
BookMark	eNp9kLtOwzAUhi1UJNrCCzBFYjYcXxLbbFW5FKkSA4WFwXISp3XVJsV2hzLxDrwhT0JokJAYOp3l_875zzdAvbqpLULnBC4JgLgKBBQHDJRiUClneHeE-iQVDAuhVA_1QXCJeUrkCRqEsAQAJSXto9cXF7Zm5d5dPU_GC1PPbUhcncSFTUZzi29ciN7l2-iaOiRNlUyatStc-Zd6rl20ZfIUTbThOiEq418fnxSIOkXHlVkFe_Y7h2h2dzsbT_D08f5hPJrighEVcWWJAEbzvDSZAcgzk6WSMMPKigvORaVKkIxbUKzglSmKEjLBqVVFZVUGbIguurUb37xtbYh62Wx93V7UVBJKpUz3KdmlCt-E4G2lC9dWbt-K3riVJqB_TOrOpG5N6r1JvWtR-g_deLc2fncYYh0U2nBr1f-1OkB9A1RdiGM
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1007_s10940_023_09579_8 crossref_primary_10_51964_hlcs23048
Cites_doi	10.1007/s11135-012-9780-6 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195181159.001.0001 10.1111/1745-9125.12171 10.1007/BF01066743 10.1086/228242 10.1177/1088767919847236 10.1086/229069 10.1017/S2046167400048242 10.1093/ije/dyt115 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2000.tb00885.x 10.1257/089533004773563485 10.1007/978-1-4613-8606-3_6 10.1080/07418825.2012.742127 10.1086/227905 10.1002/sim.8831 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.21.1.505 10.1111/j.1468-4446.2009.01251.x 10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_474 10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/02095-7 10.1023/A:1023081805454 10.1177/1477370817731706 10.1177/0011128703049003001 10.1086/449277 10.1146/annurev-soc-073018-022616 10.1086/210136 10.2307/2096237 10.1111/ecin.12202 10.1007/s11135-020-00977-9 10.1007/s10940-008-9059-1 10.1086/449114 10.2307/1144261 10.1007/s10940-018-9378-9 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1973.tb00586.x 10.1111/j.1747-4469.2010.01192.x 10.1023/A:1007540007803 10.2307/2531004 10.2307/1144258 10.1177/026327640602300278 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1989.tb00863.x 10.1080/03014460.2019.1707872 10.2307/1143998 10.1023/A:1022566628159 10.2307/2094398 10.4000/chs.740 10.1111/1745-9125.12094 10.2139/ssrn.2566965
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022.
Copyright_xml	– notice: The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022 – notice: The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022.
DBID	AAYXX CITATION 0-V 3V. 7QJ 7U4 7XB 88G 8AM 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AFKRA ALSLI AZQEC BENPR BGRYB BHHNA CCPQU DWI DWQXO FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ HEHIP K7. M0O M2M M2S PHGZM PHGZT PKEHL POGQB PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PRQQA PSYQQ Q9U WZK
DOI	10.1007/s10940-022-09543-y
DatabaseName	CrossRef ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection【Remote access available】 ProQuest Central (Corporate) Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017) ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Psychology Database (Alumni) Criminal Justice Database (Alumni Edition) Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland Social Science Premium Collection ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central Criminology Collection Sociological Abstracts ProQuest One Community College Sociological Abstracts ProQuest Central Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student Sociology Collection (OCUL) ProQuest Criminal Justice (Alumni) Criminal Justice Database Psychology Database Sociology Database (OCUL) ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Sociology & Social Sciences Collection ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China One Social Sciences One Psychology ProQuest Central Basic Sociological Abstracts (Ovid)
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef ProQuest One Psychology ProQuest Sociology & Social Sciences Collection ProQuest Central Student ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College Sociology & Social Sciences Collection Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA) ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central Health Research Premium Collection ProQuest Criminal Justice ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Sociology Collection ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Sociology Social Science Premium Collection ProQuest One Social Sciences ProQuest Central Basic ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Hospital Collection Sociology Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Psychology Journals (Alumni) ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017) Criminology Collection ProQuest Criminal Justice (Alumni) Criminal Justice Periodicals (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Psychology Journals ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition Sociological Abstracts ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni)
DatabaseTitleList	ProQuest One Psychology
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Social Welfare & Social Work Statistics
EISSN	1573-7799
EndPage	518
ExternalDocumentID	10_1007_s10940_022_09543_y
GeographicLocations	United States--US
GeographicLocations_xml	– name: United States--US
GroupedDBID	-51 -5C -5G -BR -EM -Y2 -~C .86 .VR 0-V 06D 0R~ 0S8 0VY 199 1N0 1SB 2.D 203 28- 29L 2J2 2JN 2JY 2KG 2KM 2LR 2P1 2VQ 2~H 30V 3V. 4.4 406 408 409 40D 40E 5GY 5QI 5VS 67Z 6NX 78A 8FI 8FJ 8TC 8UJ 95- 95. 95~ 96X AAAVM AABHQ AACDK AAGJD AAHNG AAIAL AAJBT AAJKR AANTL AANZL AARHV AARTL AASML AATNV AATVU AAUYE AAWCG AAYIU AAYQN AAYTO AAYZH ABAKF ABBBX ABBHK ABBXA ABCFB ABDBF ABDZT ABECU ABFTV ABHLI ABHQN ABIVO ABJNI ABJOX ABKCH ABKTR ABMNI ABMQK ABNWP ABQBU ABQSL ABSXP ABTEG ABTHY ABTKH ABTMW ABULA ABUWG ABWNU ABXPI ABXSQ ACAOD ACBXY ACDTI ACGFS ACHQT ACHSB ACHXU ACKNC ACMDZ ACMLO ACNCT ACOKC ACOMO ACPIV ACUHS ACYUM ACZOJ ADAJC ADBBV ADHHG ADHIR ADIMF ADINQ ADKNI ADKPE ADNHR ADRFC ADTPH ADULT ADUOI ADURQ ADYFF ADZJE ADZKW AEBTG AEFIE AEFQL AEGAL AEGNC AEJHL AEJRE AEKMD AEMSY AEOHA AEPYU AESKC AETLH AEUPB AEVLU AEXYK AFBBN AFDYH AFEXP AFFNX AFGCZ AFKRA AFLOW AFQWF AFWTZ AFZKB AGAYW AGDGC AGGDS AGJBK AGMZJ AGQEE AGQMX AGRTI AGWIL AGWZB AGYKE AHAVH AHBYD AHKAY AHSBF AHYZX AIAKS AIGIU AIIXL AILAN AITGF AJBLW AJRNO AJZVZ ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALSLI ALWAN AMKLP AMXSW AMYLF AMYQR AOCGG ARALO ARMRJ ASOEW ASPBG AVWKF AXYYD AYQZM AZFZN AZQEC B-. B0M BA0 BBWZM BDATZ BENPR BGNMA BGRYB BPHCQ BSONS BVXVI CAG CCPQU CMRWG COF CS3 CSCUP DDRTE DL5 DNIVK DPUIP DU5 DWQXO EAD EAP EBLON EBS EIOEI EJD EMK EPL ESBYG ESI ESO ESX EV9 F5P FEDTE FERAY FFXSO FIGPU FINBP FNLPD FRRFC FSGXE FWDCC FYUFA GDP GGCAI GGRSB GJIRD GNUQQ GNWQR GQ6 GQ7 GQ8 GXS H13 HEHIP HF~ HG5 HG6 HISYW HMJXF HQYDN HRMNR HVGLF HZ~ I09 IHE IJ- IKXTQ IPSME ITM IWAJR IXC IZIGR IZQ I~X I~Z J-C J0Z JAAYA JBMMH JBSCW JCJTX JENOY JHFFW JKQEH JLEZI JLXEF JPL JSODD JST JZLTJ KDC KOV KOW LAK LLZTM LPU M0O M2M M2S M4Y MA- N2Q NB0 NDZJH NPVJJ NQJWS NU0 O-J O9- O93 O9G O9I O9J OAM OVD P19 P2P P9Q PF- PQQKQ PROAC PSYQQ PT4 PT5 Q2X QOK QOS R-Y R4E R89 R9I RHO RHV RIG RNI ROL RPX RSV RZC RZD RZK S16 S1Z S26 S27 S28 S3B SA0 SAP SCLPG SDA SDH SDM SHS SHX SISQX SJYHP SNE SNPRN SNX SOHCF SOJ SPISZ SRMVM SSLCW STPWE SZN T13 T16 TEORI TSG TSK TSV TUC U2A UG4 UKHRP UOJIU UTJUX UZXMN VC2 VFIZW VXZ W23 W48 WH7 WK6 WK8 YLTOR YQT YZZ Z45 Z81 ZCG ZMTXR ZWUKE ~8M ~EX AAPKM AAYXX ABBRH ABDBE ABFSG ABRTQ ACSTC ADHKG AEZWR AFDZB AFFHD AFHIU AFOHR AGQPQ AHPBZ AHWEU AIXLP ATHPR AYFIA CITATION PHGZM PHGZT POGQB PRQQA 7QJ 7U4 7XB 8FK BHHNA DWI K7. PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS Q9U WZK
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-fe17032bbda6a00b6a65813a3df47447f9d0834e093c4faccd06742e9cfe9603
IEDL.DBID	BENPR
ISICitedReferencesCount	5
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000769884200001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	0748-4518
IngestDate	Fri Nov 07 05:27:04 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 06:39:23 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 21:26:10 EST 2025 Fri Feb 21 02:45:25 EST 2025
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	2
Keywords	The great drop in U.S. homicide rates Visualizing homicide rates by age Invariant age curve of homicide offending Cohort effects on the age curve of homicide offending Epidemic of youth homicide
Language	English
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c319t-fe17032bbda6a00b6a65813a3df47447f9d0834e093c4faccd06742e9cfe9603
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14
ORCID	0000-0002-8269-2906
PQID	2812288560
PQPubID	37857
PageCount	24
ParticipantIDs	proquest_journals_2812288560 crossref_citationtrail_10_1007_s10940_022_09543_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s10940_022_09543_y springer_journals_10_1007_s10940_022_09543_y
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	20230600 2023-06-00 20230601
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2023-06-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 6 year: 2023 text: 20230600
PublicationDecade	2020
PublicationPlace	New York
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: New York
PublicationTitle	Journal of quantitative criminology
PublicationTitleAbbrev	J Quant Criminol
PublicationYear	2023
Publisher	Springer US Springer Nature B.V
Publisher_xml	– name: Springer US – name: Springer Nature B.V
References	Blumstein, Rosenfeld (CR6) 2008 Savolainen (CR55) 2000; 38 Bell (CR4) 2020; 47 Reyes (CR51) 2015; 53 O’Brien, Stockard, Isaacson (CR47) 1999; 104 Eisner (CR20) 2008; 2 Tcherni-Buzzeo, Krohn, Lissotte, Penly-Hall (CR60) 2019 McDowall (CR37) 2019; 23 O’Brien, Stockard (CR46) 2009; 25 Maltz (CR34) 1998; 14 O’Brien (CR42) 2014; 48 O’Brien (CR44) 2020; 54 Loeber, Farrington (CR33) 2014 Elias (CR21) 1994 Barker (CR1) 2010; 35 Hirschi, Gottfredson (CR27) 1983; 89 Chilton, Byrne, Sampson (CR15) 1986 Baumer, Goldberger, Rosenfeld (CR2) 2008 Britt (CR11) 1992; 8 Fosse, Winship (CR24) 2019; 45 Levitt (CR32) 2004; 18 Mennell (CR38) 2006; 23 Browne, Williams, Parker, Strom, Barrick, Bruinsma, Weisburd (CR12) 2014 O’Brien (CR43) 2019; 35 Baumer, Wolff (CR3) 2014; 31 Steffensmeier, Allen, Harer, Streifel (CR58) 1989; 94 Braga (CR10) 2003; 19 Spierenburg (CR56) 2001; 5 Blumstein, Wallman, Blumstein, Wallman (CR7) 2000 Steffensmeier, Streifel, Shihadeh (CR59) 1992; 57 Zimring (CR66) 2006 Booth, Smelser, Baltes (CR9) 2001 Calot, Sardon (CR13) 2004 Matthews, Minton (CR36) 2018; 15 Donohue (CR19) 1998; 88 Farrington (CR22) 1986; 7 O’Brien (CR41) 1989; 27 CR14 Pinker (CR48) 2011 Holford (CR28) 1983; 39 Blumstein, Rivara, Rosenfeld (CR8) 2000; 21 CR52 Sprague (CR57) 1880; 22 Sampson, Winter (CR54) 2018; 56 Cork (CR18) 1999; 15 Vaupel, Wang, Andreev, Yasin (CR62) 1997 Clayton, Schifflers (CR16) 1987; 6 Minton, Vanderbloemen, Dorling (CR40) 2013; 42 Rosenfeld, Messner (CR53) 2009; 60 Wellford (CR63) 1973; 11 La Free (CR30) 1998 O’Brien (CR45) 2021; 40 LaFree (CR31) 1998; 88 Fox, Piquero (CR25) 2003; 49 Blumstein (CR5) 1995; 86 Messner, Rosenfeld (CR39) 1994 CR23 Cook, Laub (CR17) 1998; 24 Porter, Bushway, Tsao, Smith (CR49) 2016; 54 CR65 CR64 Greenberg (CR26) 1985; 91 CR61 Mason, Mason, Winsborough, Poole (CR35) 1973; 38 Quenelle, Bean (CR50) 2003 Kupper, Janis, Salama, Yoshizawa, Greenberg (CR29) 1983; 12 TR Holford (9543_CR28) 1983; 39 E Baumer (9543_CR2) 2008 A Blumstein (9543_CR7) 2000 M Tcherni-Buzzeo (9543_CR60) 2019 RM O’Brien (9543_CR41) 1989; 27 KO Mason (9543_CR35) 1973; 38 DJ Steffensmeier (9543_CR59) 1992; 57 9543_CR61 A Blumstein (9543_CR5) 1995; 86 9543_CR64 9543_CR65 B Matthews (9543_CR36) 2018; 15 9543_CR23 E Fosse (9543_CR24) 2019; 45 LL Kupper (9543_CR29) 1983; 12 A Browne (9543_CR12) 2014 V Barker (9543_CR1) 2010; 35 LC Porter (9543_CR49) 2016; 54 TB Sprague (9543_CR57) 1880; 22 G Calot (9543_CR13) 2004 S Mennell (9543_CR38) 2006; 23 P Spierenburg (9543_CR56) 2001; 5 N Elias (9543_CR21) 1994 S Pinker (9543_CR48) 2011 M Eisner (9543_CR20) 2008; 2 R Chilton (9543_CR15) 1986 AA Braga (9543_CR10) 2003; 19 RM O’Brien (9543_CR46) 2009; 25 G LaFree (9543_CR31) 1998; 88 E Baumer (9543_CR3) 2014; 31 DP Farrington (9543_CR22) 1986; 7 D Cork (9543_CR18) 1999; 15 PJ Cook (9543_CR17) 1998; 24 R Loeber (9543_CR33) 2014 JW Reyes (9543_CR51) 2015; 53 RM O’Brien (9543_CR43) 2019; 35 J Minton (9543_CR40) 2013; 42 D Clayton (9543_CR16) 1987; 6 RM O’Brien (9543_CR47) 1999; 104 FE Zimring (9543_CR66) 2006 A Quenelle (9543_CR50) 2003 JA Fox (9543_CR25) 2003; 49 T Hirschi (9543_CR27) 1983; 89 DJ Steffensmeier (9543_CR58) 1989; 94 A Blumstein (9543_CR8) 2000; 21 D McDowall (9543_CR37) 2019; 23 RM O’Brien (9543_CR42) 2014; 48 SD Levitt (9543_CR32) 2004; 18 RM O’Brien (9543_CR44) 2020; 54 SF Messner (9543_CR39) 1994 CF Wellford (9543_CR63) 1973; 11 MD Maltz (9543_CR34) 1998; 14 RJ Sampson (9543_CR54) 2018; 56 DF Greenberg (9543_CR26) 1985; 91 RM O’Brien (9543_CR45) 2021; 40 H Booth (9543_CR9) 2001 A Bell (9543_CR4) 2020; 47 JJ Donohue (9543_CR19) 1998; 88 9543_CR52 JW Vaupel (9543_CR62) 1997 CL Britt III (9543_CR11) 1992; 8 G La Free (9543_CR30) 1998 J Savolainen (9543_CR55) 2000; 38 R Rosenfeld (9543_CR53) 2009; 60 A Blumstein (9543_CR6) 2008 9543_CR14
References_xml	– volume: 48 start-page: 457 year: 2014 end-page: 474 ident: CR42 article-title: Estimable functions of age–period–cohort models: a unified approach publication-title: Qual Quant doi: 10.1007/s11135-012-9780-6 – year: 2006 ident: CR66 publication-title: The great American Crime Decline doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195181159.001.0001 – volume: 56 start-page: 225 year: 2018 end-page: 432 ident: CR54 article-title: Poisoned development: assessing childhood lead exposure as a cause of crime in a birth cohort followed through adolescence publication-title: Criminology doi: 10.1111/1745-9125.12171 – volume: 6 start-page: 468 year: 1987 end-page: 481 ident: CR16 article-title: Models for temporal variation in cancer rates II: age-period-cohort models publication-title: Stat Med – volume: 8 start-page: 175 year: 1992 end-page: 187 ident: CR11 article-title: Constancy and change in the U.S. age distribution of crime: a test of the "invariance hypothesis publication-title: J Quan Criminol doi: 10.1007/BF01066743 – volume: 91 start-page: 1 year: 1985 end-page: 21 ident: CR26 article-title: Age, crime, and social explanation publication-title: Am J Sociol doi: 10.1086/228242 – volume: 23 start-page: 225 year: 2019 end-page: 242 ident: CR37 article-title: The 2015 and 2016 U.S. homicide rate increases in context publication-title: Homicide Stud doi: 10.1177/1088767919847236 – ident: CR61 – volume: 94 start-page: 803 year: 1989 end-page: 831 ident: CR58 article-title: Age and the distribution of crime publication-title: Am J Sociol doi: 10.1086/229069 – volume: 22 start-page: 270 year: 1880 end-page: 285 ident: CR57 article-title: Explanation of a new formula for interpolation publication-title: J Inst Actuar doi: 10.1017/S2046167400048242 – start-page: 119 year: 2003 end-page: 135 ident: CR50 article-title: Research on the propensity for crime at different ages publication-title: Crime: Critical Concepts in Sociology – volume: 42 start-page: 1164 year: 2013 end-page: 1176 ident: CR40 article-title: Visualizing Europe’s demographic scars with coplots and contour plots publication-title: Int J Epidemiol doi: 10.1093/ije/dyt115 – volume: 38 start-page: 117 year: 2000 end-page: 136 ident: CR55 article-title: Relative cohort size and age-specific arrest rates: a conditional interpretation of the Easterlin effect publication-title: Criminology doi: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2000.tb00885.x – volume: 12 start-page: 2779 year: 1983 end-page: 2807 ident: CR29 article-title: Age-period-cohort analysis: an illustration of the problems in assessing interactions in one observation per cell data publication-title: Commun Stat – volume: 18 start-page: 163 year: 2004 end-page: 190 ident: CR32 article-title: Understanding why crime fell in the 1990s: four factors that explain the decline and six that do not publication-title: J Econ Perspect doi: 10.1257/089533004773563485 – start-page: 102 year: 1986 end-page: 115 ident: CR15 article-title: Age, sex, race, and arrest trends for 12 of the nation’s largest central cities publication-title: The Social Ecology of Crime doi: 10.1007/978-1-4613-8606-3_6 – volume: 31 start-page: 5 year: 2014 end-page: 38 ident: CR3 article-title: Evaluating contemporary crime drop(s) in America New York City, and many other places publication-title: Justice Q doi: 10.1080/07418825.2012.742127 – volume: 89 start-page: 552 year: 1983 end-page: 584 ident: CR27 article-title: Age and the explanation of crime publication-title: Am J Sociol doi: 10.1086/227905 – start-page: 127 year: 2008 end-page: 176 ident: CR2 article-title: An empirical assessment of the contemporary crime trends puzzle: a modest step toward a more comprehensive research agenda publication-title: Understanding Crime Trends: Workshop Report – year: 2019 ident: CR60 article-title: The great American Crime decline: possible explanations publication-title: Handbook of Crime and Deviance – volume: 40 start-page: 1160 year: 2021 end-page: 1171 ident: CR45 article-title: A simplified approach for establishing estimable functions in fixed effect age-period-cohort multiple classification models publication-title: Stat Med doi: 10.1002/sim.8831 – ident: CR64 – volume: 21 start-page: 505 year: 2000 end-page: 541 ident: CR8 article-title: The rise and decline of homicide—and why publication-title: Annu Rev Public Health doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.21.1.505 – start-page: 1 year: 2000 end-page: 12 ident: CR7 article-title: The recent rise and fall of American violence publication-title: The Crime Drop in America, Cambridge Studies in Criminology – volume: 60 start-page: 445 year: 2009 end-page: 471 ident: CR53 article-title: The crime drop in comparative perspective: the impact of the economy and imprisonment on American and European burglary rates publication-title: Br J Sociol doi: 10.1111/j.1468-4446.2009.01251.x – year: 1998 ident: CR30 publication-title: Losing legitimacy: street crime and the decline of social institutions in America – start-page: 12 year: 2014 end-page: 18 ident: CR33 article-title: Age-crime curve publication-title: The Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_474 – start-page: 3452 year: 2001 end-page: 3456 ident: CR9 article-title: Demographic techniques: data adjustment and correction publication-title: International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences doi: 10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/02095-7 – volume: 14 start-page: 397 year: 1998 end-page: 410 ident: CR34 article-title: Visualizing homicide: a research note publication-title: J Quant Criminol doi: 10.1023/A:1023081805454 – volume: 15 start-page: 296 year: 2018 end-page: 320 ident: CR36 article-title: Rethinking one of criminology’s ‘brute facts’: the age–crime curve and the crime drop in Scotland publication-title: Eur J Criminol doi: 10.1177/1477370817731706 – volume: 49 start-page: 339 year: 2003 end-page: 359 ident: CR25 article-title: Deadly demographics: population characteristics and forecasting homicide trends publication-title: Crime Delinq doi: 10.1177/0011128703049003001 – volume: 24 start-page: 27 year: 1998 end-page: 64 ident: CR17 article-title: The unprecedented epidemic in youth violence publication-title: Crime Justice doi: 10.1086/449277 – volume: 2 start-page: 288 year: 2008 end-page: 316 ident: CR20 article-title: Modernity strikes back: a historical perspective on the latest increase in interpersonal violence (1960–1990) publication-title: Int J Confl Violence – volume: 45 start-page: 467 year: 2019 end-page: 492 ident: CR24 article-title: Analyzing age-period-cohort data: a review and critique publication-title: Ann Rev Sociol doi: 10.1146/annurev-soc-073018-022616 – volume: 104 start-page: 1061 year: 1999 end-page: 1095 ident: CR47 article-title: The enduring effects of cohort characteristics on age-specific homicide rates, 1960–1995 publication-title: Am J Sociol doi: 10.1086/210136 – volume: 57 start-page: 306 year: 1992 end-page: 314 ident: CR59 article-title: Cohort size and arrest rates over the life course: The Easterlin hypothesis reconsidered publication-title: Am Sociol Rev doi: 10.2307/2096237 – year: 1994 ident: CR21 publication-title: The civilizing process: sociogenetic and psychogenetic investigations – volume: 53 start-page: 1580 year: 2015 end-page: 1605 ident: CR51 article-title: Lead exposure and behavior: effects on antisocial and risky behavior among children and adolescents publication-title: Econ Inq doi: 10.1111/ecin.12202 – ident: CR14 – volume: 54 start-page: 1109 year: 2020 end-page: 1127 ident: CR44 article-title: Estimable intra-age, intra-period, and intra-cohort effects in age-period-cohort multiple classification models publication-title: Qual Quant doi: 10.1007/s11135-020-00977-9 – year: 2004 ident: CR13 publication-title: Methodology for the Calculation of Eurostat’s Demographic Indicators Detailed Report by the European Demographic Observatory– EDO – volume: 25 start-page: 79 year: 2009 end-page: 101 ident: CR46 article-title: Can cohort replacement explain changes in the relationship between age and homicide offending? publication-title: J Quant Criminol doi: 10.1007/s10940-008-9059-1 – start-page: 13 year: 2008 end-page: 43 ident: CR6 article-title: Factors contributing to U.S. crime trends publication-title: National Research Council, Understanding Crime Trends: Workshop Report – volume: 7 start-page: 189 year: 1986 end-page: 250 ident: CR22 article-title: Age and crime publication-title: Crime Justice doi: 10.1086/449114 – volume: 88 start-page: 1423 year: 1998 end-page: 1451 ident: CR19 article-title: Understanding the time path of crime publication-title: J Crim Law Criminol doi: 10.2307/1144261 – volume: 35 start-page: 211 year: 2019 end-page: 236 ident: CR43 article-title: Homicide arrest rate trends in the United States: the contributions of periods and cohorts (1965–2015) publication-title: J Quant Criminol doi: 10.1007/s10940-018-9378-9 – volume: 11 start-page: 61 year: 1973 end-page: 70 ident: CR63 article-title: Age composition and the increase in recorded crime publication-title: Criminology doi: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1973.tb00586.x – volume: 35 start-page: 489 year: 2010 end-page: 516 ident: CR1 article-title: Explaining the great American crime decline: a review of Blumstein and Wallman, Goldberger and Rosenfeld, and Zimring publication-title: Law Soc Inq doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4469.2010.01192.x – ident: CR23 – year: 1994 ident: CR39 publication-title: Crime and the American Dream – volume: 15 start-page: 379 year: 1999 end-page: 406 ident: CR18 article-title: Examining space–time interaction in city-level homicide data: crack markets and the diffusion of guns among youth publication-title: J Quant Criminol doi: 10.1023/A:1007540007803 – year: 2014 ident: CR12 article-title: Youth Homicide in the United States publication-title: Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice – volume: 39 start-page: 311 year: 1983 end-page: 324 ident: CR28 article-title: The estimation of age, period, and cohort effects for vital rates publication-title: Biometrics doi: 10.2307/2531004 – volume: 88 start-page: 1325 year: 1998 end-page: 1368 ident: CR31 article-title: Social institutions and the crime bust of the 1990s publication-title: J Crim Law Criminol doi: 10.2307/1144258 – ident: CR65 – volume: 23 start-page: 429 year: 2006 end-page: 431 ident: CR38 article-title: Civilizing processes publication-title: Theory Cult Soc doi: 10.1177/026327640602300278 – ident: CR52 – volume: 27 start-page: 57 year: 1989 end-page: 78 ident: CR41 article-title: Relative cohort size and age-specific crime rates: an age-period-relative-cohort-size model publication-title: Criminology doi: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1989.tb00863.x – volume: 47 start-page: 208 issue: 2 year: 2020 end-page: 217 ident: CR4 article-title: Age period cohort analysis: a review of what we should and shouldn’t do publication-title: Ann Hum Biol doi: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1707872 – year: 2011 ident: CR48 publication-title: The Better Angels of our Nature: Why Violence has Declined – volume: 86 start-page: 10 year: 1995 end-page: 36 ident: CR5 article-title: Youth violence, guns, and the illicit-drug industry publication-title: J Crim Law Criminol doi: 10.2307/1143998 – volume: 19 start-page: 33 year: 2003 end-page: 54 ident: CR10 article-title: Serious youth gun offenders and the epidemic of youth violence in Boston publication-title: J Quant Criminol doi: 10.1023/A:1022566628159 – volume: 38 start-page: 242 year: 1973 end-page: 258 ident: CR35 article-title: Some methodological issues in cohort analysis of archival data publication-title: Am Sociol Rev doi: 10.2307/2094398 – year: 1997 ident: CR62 publication-title: Population Data at a Glance – volume: 5 start-page: 87 year: 2001 end-page: 105 ident: CR56 article-title: Violence and the civilizing process: does it work? publication-title: Crime History Soc doi: 10.4000/chs.740 – volume: 54 start-page: 30 year: 2016 end-page: 55 ident: CR49 article-title: How the U.S. prison boom has changed the age distribution of the prison population publication-title: Criminology doi: 10.1111/1745-9125.12094 – ident: 9543_CR52 doi: 10.2139/ssrn.2566965 – volume: 21 start-page: 505 year: 2000 ident: 9543_CR8 publication-title: Annu Rev Public Health doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.21.1.505 – volume: 27 start-page: 57 year: 1989 ident: 9543_CR41 publication-title: Criminology doi: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1989.tb00863.x – volume-title: Crime and the American Dream year: 1994 ident: 9543_CR39 – volume: 42 start-page: 1164 year: 2013 ident: 9543_CR40 publication-title: Int J Epidemiol doi: 10.1093/ije/dyt115 – volume: 49 start-page: 339 year: 2003 ident: 9543_CR25 publication-title: Crime Delinq doi: 10.1177/0011128703049003001 – volume: 2 start-page: 288 year: 2008 ident: 9543_CR20 publication-title: Int J Confl Violence – volume: 54 start-page: 30 year: 2016 ident: 9543_CR49 publication-title: Criminology doi: 10.1111/1745-9125.12094 – volume: 5 start-page: 87 year: 2001 ident: 9543_CR56 publication-title: Crime History Soc doi: 10.4000/chs.740 – volume: 91 start-page: 1 year: 1985 ident: 9543_CR26 publication-title: Am J Sociol doi: 10.1086/228242 – volume-title: Population Data at a Glance year: 1997 ident: 9543_CR62 – volume: 45 start-page: 467 year: 2019 ident: 9543_CR24 publication-title: Ann Rev Sociol doi: 10.1146/annurev-soc-073018-022616 – volume-title: Losing legitimacy: street crime and the decline of social institutions in America year: 1998 ident: 9543_CR30 – ident: 9543_CR64 – volume-title: Methodology for the Calculation of Eurostat’s Demographic Indicators Detailed Report by the European Demographic Observatory– EDO year: 2004 ident: 9543_CR13 – volume: 56 start-page: 225 year: 2018 ident: 9543_CR54 publication-title: Criminology doi: 10.1111/1745-9125.12171 – volume: 35 start-page: 211 year: 2019 ident: 9543_CR43 publication-title: J Quant Criminol doi: 10.1007/s10940-018-9378-9 – volume: 57 start-page: 306 year: 1992 ident: 9543_CR59 publication-title: Am Sociol Rev doi: 10.2307/2096237 – volume: 22 start-page: 270 year: 1880 ident: 9543_CR57 publication-title: J Inst Actuar doi: 10.1017/S2046167400048242 – volume: 86 start-page: 10 year: 1995 ident: 9543_CR5 publication-title: J Crim Law Criminol doi: 10.2307/1143998 – volume: 89 start-page: 552 year: 1983 ident: 9543_CR27 publication-title: Am J Sociol doi: 10.1086/227905 – start-page: 12 volume-title: The Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice year: 2014 ident: 9543_CR33 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_474 – volume-title: The civilizing process: sociogenetic and psychogenetic investigations year: 1994 ident: 9543_CR21 – volume-title: The Better Angels of our Nature: Why Violence has Declined year: 2011 ident: 9543_CR48 – volume: 47 start-page: 208 issue: 2 year: 2020 ident: 9543_CR4 publication-title: Ann Hum Biol doi: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1707872 – start-page: 13 volume-title: National Research Council, Understanding Crime Trends: Workshop Report year: 2008 ident: 9543_CR6 – volume: 25 start-page: 79 year: 2009 ident: 9543_CR46 publication-title: J Quant Criminol doi: 10.1007/s10940-008-9059-1 – volume: 94 start-page: 803 year: 1989 ident: 9543_CR58 publication-title: Am J Sociol doi: 10.1086/229069 – volume: 104 start-page: 1061 year: 1999 ident: 9543_CR47 publication-title: Am J Sociol doi: 10.1086/210136 – volume: 11 start-page: 61 year: 1973 ident: 9543_CR63 publication-title: Criminology doi: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1973.tb00586.x – start-page: 127 volume-title: Understanding Crime Trends: Workshop Report year: 2008 ident: 9543_CR2 – volume: 88 start-page: 1423 year: 1998 ident: 9543_CR19 publication-title: J Crim Law Criminol doi: 10.2307/1144261 – volume: 54 start-page: 1109 year: 2020 ident: 9543_CR44 publication-title: Qual Quant doi: 10.1007/s11135-020-00977-9 – volume: 23 start-page: 429 year: 2006 ident: 9543_CR38 publication-title: Theory Cult Soc doi: 10.1177/026327640602300278 – start-page: 3452 volume-title: International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences year: 2001 ident: 9543_CR9 doi: 10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/02095-7 – volume: 15 start-page: 379 year: 1999 ident: 9543_CR18 publication-title: J Quant Criminol doi: 10.1023/A:1007540007803 – volume: 7 start-page: 189 year: 1986 ident: 9543_CR22 publication-title: Crime Justice doi: 10.1086/449114 – volume: 39 start-page: 311 year: 1983 ident: 9543_CR28 publication-title: Biometrics doi: 10.2307/2531004 – volume: 38 start-page: 242 year: 1973 ident: 9543_CR35 publication-title: Am Sociol Rev doi: 10.2307/2094398 – volume: 38 start-page: 117 year: 2000 ident: 9543_CR55 publication-title: Criminology doi: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2000.tb00885.x – ident: 9543_CR14 – volume: 31 start-page: 5 year: 2014 ident: 9543_CR3 publication-title: Justice Q doi: 10.1080/07418825.2012.742127 – volume-title: Handbook of Crime and Deviance year: 2019 ident: 9543_CR60 – volume: 19 start-page: 33 year: 2003 ident: 9543_CR10 publication-title: J Quant Criminol doi: 10.1023/A:1022566628159 – volume: 15 start-page: 296 year: 2018 ident: 9543_CR36 publication-title: Eur J Criminol doi: 10.1177/1477370817731706 – volume: 12 start-page: 2779 year: 1983 ident: 9543_CR29 publication-title: Commun Stat – volume: 8 start-page: 175 year: 1992 ident: 9543_CR11 publication-title: J Quan Criminol doi: 10.1007/BF01066743 – volume: 14 start-page: 397 year: 1998 ident: 9543_CR34 publication-title: J Quant Criminol doi: 10.1023/A:1023081805454 – ident: 9543_CR61 – start-page: 102 volume-title: The Social Ecology of Crime year: 1986 ident: 9543_CR15 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4613-8606-3_6 – volume: 48 start-page: 457 year: 2014 ident: 9543_CR42 publication-title: Qual Quant doi: 10.1007/s11135-012-9780-6 – volume: 35 start-page: 489 year: 2010 ident: 9543_CR1 publication-title: Law Soc Inq doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4469.2010.01192.x – volume: 6 start-page: 468 year: 1987 ident: 9543_CR16 publication-title: Stat Med – ident: 9543_CR65 – volume: 88 start-page: 1325 year: 1998 ident: 9543_CR31 publication-title: J Crim Law Criminol doi: 10.2307/1144258 – start-page: 1 volume-title: The Crime Drop in America, Cambridge Studies in Criminology year: 2000 ident: 9543_CR7 – ident: 9543_CR23 – volume: 40 start-page: 1160 year: 2021 ident: 9543_CR45 publication-title: Stat Med doi: 10.1002/sim.8831 – volume-title: Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice year: 2014 ident: 9543_CR12 – start-page: 119 volume-title: Crime: Critical Concepts in Sociology year: 2003 ident: 9543_CR50 – volume: 24 start-page: 27 year: 1998 ident: 9543_CR17 publication-title: Crime Justice doi: 10.1086/449277 – volume: 53 start-page: 1580 year: 2015 ident: 9543_CR51 publication-title: Econ Inq doi: 10.1111/ecin.12202 – volume: 60 start-page: 445 year: 2009 ident: 9543_CR53 publication-title: Br J Sociol doi: 10.1111/j.1468-4446.2009.01251.x – volume: 23 start-page: 225 year: 2019 ident: 9543_CR37 publication-title: Homicide Stud doi: 10.1177/1088767919847236 – volume: 18 start-page: 163 year: 2004 ident: 9543_CR32 publication-title: J Econ Perspect doi: 10.1257/089533004773563485 – volume-title: The great American Crime Decline year: 2006 ident: 9543_CR66 doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195181159.001.0001
SSID	ssj0009882
Score	2.3771348
Snippet	Objective To demonstrate how visualization can aid in understanding crime rate data and provide new insights and hypotheses for some central criminological... ObjectiveTo demonstrate how visualization can aid in understanding crime rate data and provide new insights and hypotheses for some central criminological...
SourceID	proquest crossref springer
SourceType	Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher
StartPage	495
SubjectTerms	Age Age groups Arrests Crime Criminal statistics Criminology Criminology and Criminal Justice Data Graphs Homicide Law and Criminolgy Methodology of the Social Sciences Murders & murder attempts Offending Original Paper Rates Sociology Statistical analysis Statistical methods Statistics Visualization Youth
SummonAdditionalLinks	– databaseName: SpringerLink Core Collection dbid: RSV link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1NT9wwEB0VymEvhS5FLF2QD4gLWNrEzibuDfGhPaFKILoSh8h2xmgF2kUbqAQn_gP_kF_COE6aUtFK9JrYTjRje57leW8AtmmLy2InUp4iai6ddVxrTPigSDQaq5wdhmIT6clJNh6r7zUprGyy3ZsryWqn_o3spnwqIh2eCBZIwe8X4GPi1Wb8Gf30vJXazaoSURQbMy6TKKupMm-P8ToctRjzj2vRKtocL__ff67Apxpdsv0wHT7DB5x2oR8ouOwHXjs9R7bDmgez-VUXOh5vBrnmVbg4n5SeZvlAX2SBeVCyyZQRTGT7l8gPvc5uXSKrZDPHRp7VPCnaVgHEsgBivzGvxPX8-EQAQH2Bs-Ojs4MRr-svcEsL85Y7jGg_iI0p9FAPBmaoCa5EQovCyVTK1KmCAJzEgRJWOm1tQaFPxqisQzoYiTVYnM6muA5MaU8ANpFLjJDKuMyZFBNCZkYgSuF6EDVeyG2tTe5LZFznraqyt2pOVs0rq-b3Pdj91ecmKHP8s3W_cW5er9IyjwndxFlGoK8He40z29d_H23jfc2_QsdXqQ8ZZn1YvJ3f4SYs2Z_k3flWNXtfAIXL6bU priority: 102 providerName: Springer Nature
Title	Visualizing Changes in the Age-Distributions of Homicides in the United States: 1964–2019
URI	https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10940-022-09543-y https://www.proquest.com/docview/2812288560
Volume	39
WOSCitedRecordID	wos000769884200001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Criminal Justice Database (ProQuest) customDbUrl: eissn: 1573-7799 dateEnd: 20231231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0009882 issn: 0748-4518 databaseCode: M0O dateStart: 20230101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/criminaljusticeperiodicals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1573-7799 dateEnd: 20231231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0009882 issn: 0748-4518 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20230101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Psychology Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1573-7799 dateEnd: 20231231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0009882 issn: 0748-4518 databaseCode: M2M dateStart: 20230101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/psychology providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Sociology Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1573-7799 dateEnd: 20231231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0009882 issn: 0748-4518 databaseCode: M2S dateStart: 20230101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/sociology providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVAVX databaseName: SpringerLINK Contemporary 1997-Present customDbUrl: eissn: 1573-7799 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0009882 issn: 0748-4518 databaseCode: RSV dateStart: 19970101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://link.springer.com/search?facet-content-type=%22Journal%22 providerName: Springer Nature
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1NT9wwEB3x0QMXWloQS7fIh6oXsEhiZxP3gmgL4sIWAaJIPUS2M0Yr0C5slkr01P_AP-SXME6cRq1ULr34kNiWpbFnnj_mPYD35OLyxImMZ4iaS2cd1xpTHpWpRmOVs4NGbCIbDvOLC3UcDtyq8Kyy9Ym1oy4n1p-R7yQUiZI8pwC9e3PLvWqUv10NEhrzsOiZymieL37aHx6fdLS7eS0XRXEy5zKN85A2E5LnlH_aSJsxghlS8Ps_Q1OHN_-6Iq0jz8HL_x3zK1gOmJPtNZNkBeZw_Br6TWIu-4bXTk-RfWDth8n06g18Px9VPt_yJw2JNSkIFRuNGeFFtneJ_Isn3A1aWRWbOHbo05tHZVerQbOsQbMfmafkevz1QEhArcLZwf7Z50MehBi4pRU64w5jcgyJMaUe6CgyA024JRZalE5mUmZOlYTkJEZKWOm0tSXFQJmgsg5phyTWYGE8GeM6MKV9JrCJXWqEVMblzmSYEkQzAlEK14O4NUFhA0m518q4Ljp6ZW-2gsxW1GYr7nuw9bvNTUPR8WztfmurIizXqugM1YPt1trd73_3tvF8b29hycvTN0_L-rAwm97hO3hhf8xG1XQzTNZNmD-KvvoyOarLUypPTs-fAKth89w
linkProvider	ProQuest
linkToHtml	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3LbtQwFL0qBQk2UF5iYCheABuwOnGcSVIJoYpSTdXOiMUIKrGwbOcajVrNtJNp0XTVf-h38FN8CddxQgQS3XXBNg9LsY_vPY597gF4SSEuEy5OeYqouXTWca0x4b0i0Whs7mw_mE2ko1F2cJB_WoEfjRbGH6tsYmIVqIuZ9f_INwRlIpFllKDfH59w7xrld1cbC40Aiz1cfqclW_lud5vG95UQOx_HHwa8dhXgluC24A4jQrkwptB93euZvqYkHMU6LpxMpUxdXhAtkUhLfSudtraggC4F5tYh0f2Ymr0BNyUlQm-YMBTDtsZvVnlTUVLOuEyirNbo1Eq93J-jpJUfcRoZ8-WfebAlt3_tx1Zpbufef9ZBa3C35tNsK0yA-7CC0wfQDaJj9gWPnJ4je82aC7P54UP4-nlSei3pOfUAC_KKkk2mjLgw2_qGfNsXE659wEo2c2zgpduTon0qMHUWmPom8-XGfl5cEsvJH8H4Or72MaxOZ1N8AizXXuVsIpeYWObGZc6kmBD9NDGijF0HombEla0LsHsfkCPVlo72KFGEElWhRC078Ob3O8eh_MiVT3cbaKg6FJWqxUUH3jbgam__u7WnV7f2Am4PxsN9tb872nsGdwSRv3CErguri_kpPodb9mwxKefr1SxhoK4ZdL8AmfFLHQ
linkToPdf	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3NbtQwEB6VFiEutPxULN0WH4ALWN04ziaphKqqy6pV0aoSFVTiYNnOGK2odstmAW1PfYc-Da_DkzCOEyKQ6K0HrvmxFPvzzDfxfDMAz8jEZcLFKU8RNZfOOq41JrxXJBqNzZ3th2YT6WiUnZ7mx0vwo9HC-LTKxiZWhrqYWv-PfFuQJxJZRg5629VpEceD4e75F-47SPmT1qadRoDIES6-U_hWvj4c0Fo_F2L45mT_gNcdBrgl6M25w4gQL4wpdF_3eqavySFHsY4LJ1MpU5cXRFEkUthvpdPWFmTcpcDcOiTqH9Owt2AllRRk-axB8a6t95tVfarIQWdcJlFW63Vq1V7ucyopCiR-I2O--NMntkT3r7PZyuUNV__jyVqDezXPZnthY9yHJZw8gG4QI7MPeOb0DNkL1lyYzj4_hI_vx6XXmF7QbLAguyjZeMKII7O9T8gHvshw3R-sZFPHDryke1y0TwUGzwKD32G-DNnPyytiP_kjOLmJr12H5cl0go-B5dqrn03kEhPL3LjMmRQToqUmRpSx60DUrL6ydWF23x_kTLUlpT1iFCFGVYhRiw68_P3OeShLcu3T3QYmqjZRpWox0oFXDdDa2_8e7cn1oz2FO4Q19fZwdLQBdwVxwpBZ14Xl-ewrbsJt-20-Lmdb1YZhoG4Yc78Acr9T9A
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Visualizing+Changes+in+the+Age-Distributions+of+Homicides+in+the+United+States%3A+1964%E2%80%932019&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+quantitative+criminology&rft.au=O%E2%80%99Brien%2C+Robert+M&rft.date=2023-06-01&rft.pub=Springer+Nature+B.V&rft.issn=0748-4518&rft.eissn=1573-7799&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=495&rft.epage=518&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10940-022-09543-y&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0748-4518&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0748-4518&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0748-4518&client=summon