Methods in detection of median filtering in digital images: a survey

When it comes to reducing impulsive noise from digital photos, the Median Filter (MF) is a nonlinear filter that can be employed effectively. This nonlinear filter is used to erase traces left by other linear filters due to the fact that they are nonlinear in nature. The application of a median filt...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Multimedia tools and applications Vol. 82; no. 28; pp. 43945 - 43965
Main Authors: Ahmed, Sajjad, Islam, Saiful
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York Springer US 01.11.2023
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Computer Communication Networks
Computer Science
Data Structures and Information Theory
Digital imaging
Forensic sciences
Image filters
Linear filters
Multimedia Information Systems
Nonlinear filters
Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems
Taxonomy
Test procedures
Image forensics
Image processing
Median Filter
operator detection
testing framework
machine learning
Median filter forensics
ISSN:1380-7501, 1573-7721
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:When it comes to reducing impulsive noise from digital photos, the Median Filter (MF) is a nonlinear filter that can be employed effectively. This nonlinear filter is used to erase traces left by other linear filters due to the fact that they are nonlinear in nature. The application of a median filter on an image raises questions about the image’s genuineness when it is discovered. For the detection of median filtering, a slew of approaches has been developed. The main purpose of this paper is to explain different parts of median filter forensics, look at some new and existing techniques in median filter forensics, and compare the pros and cons of each technique. We also developed a taxonomy to broadly classify various methods proposed for median filter forensics. In addition, we also discussed and describe the popular testing procedure that researchers in the field are using to evaluate the median filtering detection methods and may be employed as a testing framework for future studies, for other operator detection as well as for general purpose image forensics.
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ISSN:1380-7501
1573-7721
DOI:10.1007/s11042-023-14835-x