GENESIS-CBA: an agent-based model of peer evaluation and selection in the internet interdomain network
Purpose We propose an agent-based model for peer selection in the Internet at the Autonomous System (AS) level. The proposed model, GENESIS-CBA , is based on realistic constraints and provider selection mechanism, with ASes acting in a myopic and decentralized manner to optimize a cost-related fitne...
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| Published in: | Complex adaptive systems modeling Vol. 1; no. 1 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Berlin/Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
24.04.2013
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| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 2194-3206, 2194-3206 |
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| Abstract | Purpose
We propose an agent-based model for peer selection in the Internet at the Autonomous System (AS) level. The proposed model,
GENESIS-CBA
, is based on realistic constraints and provider selection mechanism, with ASes acting in a myopic and decentralized manner to optimize a cost-related fitness function. We introduce a new peering scheme,
Cost-Benefit-Analysis
, which, unlike existing peering strategies, gives ASes the ability to analyze the impact of each peering link on their economic fitness. Using this analysis, ASes engage in only those peering relations that can have a positive impact on their fitness.
Methods
Our proposed model captures the key factors that affect network formation dynamics: highly skewed traffic matrix, policy-based routing, geographic co-location constraints, and the costs of transit/peering agreements. As opposed to analytical game-theoretic models, which focus on proving the existence of equilibria, GENESIS-CBA is a computational model that simulates the network formation process and allows us to actually compute distinct equilibria (i.e., networks) and to also examine the behavior of sample paths that do not converge.
Results
We find that such oscillatory sample paths occur in about 7% of the runs, and they always involve tier-1 ASes. GENESIS-CBA results in many distinct equilibria that are highly sensitive to initial conditions and the order in which ASes (agents) act.
Conclusions
Our results imply that we cannot predict the properties of an individual AS in the Internet. However, certain properties of the global network or of certain classes of ASes are predictable. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Purpose
We propose an agent-based model for peer selection in the Internet at the Autonomous System (AS) level. The proposed model,
GENESIS-CBA
, is based on realistic constraints and provider selection mechanism, with ASes acting in a myopic and decentralized manner to optimize a cost-related fitness function. We introduce a new peering scheme,
Cost-Benefit-Analysis
, which, unlike existing peering strategies, gives ASes the ability to analyze the impact of each peering link on their economic fitness. Using this analysis, ASes engage in only those peering relations that can have a positive impact on their fitness.
Methods
Our proposed model captures the key factors that affect network formation dynamics: highly skewed traffic matrix, policy-based routing, geographic co-location constraints, and the costs of transit/peering agreements. As opposed to analytical game-theoretic models, which focus on proving the existence of equilibria, GENESIS-CBA is a computational model that simulates the network formation process and allows us to actually compute distinct equilibria (i.e., networks) and to also examine the behavior of sample paths that do not converge.
Results
We find that such oscillatory sample paths occur in about 7% of the runs, and they always involve tier-1 ASes. GENESIS-CBA results in many distinct equilibria that are highly sensitive to initial conditions and the order in which ASes (agents) act.
Conclusions
Our results imply that we cannot predict the properties of an individual AS in the Internet. However, certain properties of the global network or of certain classes of ASes are predictable. |
| ArticleNumber | 10 |
| Author | Lodhi, Aemen Dhamdhere, Amogh Dovrolis, Constantine |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Aemen surname: Lodhi fullname: Lodhi, Aemen email: aemen.lodhi@gatech.edu organization: School of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology – sequence: 2 givenname: Amogh surname: Dhamdhere fullname: Dhamdhere, Amogh organization: The Cooperative Association for Internet Data Analysis, University of California – sequence: 3 givenname: Constantine surname: Dovrolis fullname: Dovrolis, Constantine organization: School of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1073/pnas.172501399 10.1145/2381056.2381066 10.1109/TNET.2009.2024145 10.1109/TNET.2011.2119327 10.1515/9781400829163 10.1080/15427951.2005.10129111 10.1515/9781400833993 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Lodhi et al.; licensee Springer. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Lodhi et al.; licensee Springer. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
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| Keywords | Internet interdomain network; Peering strategies; Cost-benefit-analysis; Internet autonomous systems |
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| References | CR17 Loguinov (CR31) 2010; 18 Faloutsos, Faloutsos, Faloutsos (CR12) 1999 Lodhi, Dhamdhere, Dovrolis (CR25) 2012c; 40 Chang, Jamin, Mao, Willinger (CR4) 2005 Jamin, Willinger (CR6) 2006 CR10 Norton (CR26) 2011 Lodhi, Dovrolis (CR22) 2010 Akella, Seshan, Shaikh (CR1) 2003 Fabrikant, Koutsoupias, Papadimitriou (CR11) 2002 (CR18) 2010 Jackson (CR19) 2008 Corbo, Jain, Mitzenmacher, Parkes (CR7) 2009 Wang, Loguinov (CR30) 2006 Goyal (CR15) 2007 Feldmann, Kammenhuber, Maennel, Maggs, De Prisco, Sundaram (CR13) 2004 Gill, Arlitt, Li, Mahanti (CR14) 2008 (CR28) 2012 Augustin, Krishnamurthy, Willinger (CR3) 2009 CR2 Labovitz, Iekel-Johnson, McPherson, Oberheide, Jahanian (CR20) 2010 Holme, Karlin, Forrest (CR16) 2008 Yook, Jeong, Barabasi (CR32) 2002; 99 Chang, Jamin, Willinger (CR5) 2003 CR21 (CR27) 2011 Dovrolis (CR9) 2011; 19 Dhamdhere, Dovrolis (CR8) 2010 (CR29) 2012 Lodhi, Dhamdhere, Dovrolis (CR23) 2012a Dhamdhere, Dovrolis (CR24) 2012b A Dhamdhere (21_CR24) 2012b 21_CR21 B Augustin (21_CR3) 2009 A Feldmann (21_CR13) 2004 Peering Strategy Survey (21_CR27) 2011 S Jamin (21_CR6) 2006 PeeringDB (21_CR28) 2012 J Corbo (21_CR7) 2009 MO Jackson (21_CR19) 2008 21_CR2 H Chang (21_CR4) 2005 A Dhamdhere (21_CR8) 2010 A Lodhi (21_CR25) 2012c; 40 Telegeography (21_CR29) 2012 21_CR10 A Lodhi (21_CR23) 2012a S Goyal (21_CR15) 2007 W Norton (21_CR26) 2011 X Wang (21_CR30) 2006 M Faloutsos (21_CR12) 1999 D Loguinov (21_CR31) 2010; 18 C Dovrolis (21_CR9) 2011; 19 Internet Transit Prices: Historical and Projected (21_CR18) 2010 C Labovitz (21_CR20) 2010 A Akella (21_CR1) 2003 P Gill (21_CR14) 2008 21_CR17 A Lodhi (21_CR22) 2010 SH Yook (21_CR32) 2002; 99 A Fabrikant (21_CR11) 2002 H Chang (21_CR5) 2003 P Holme (21_CR16) 2008 |
| References_xml | – year: 2002 ident: CR11 article-title: Heuristically optimized trade-offs: a new paradigm for power laws in the internet publication-title: Proceedings of ICALP – year: 2011 ident: CR26 publication-title: The great (public vs. private) peering debate: peering at 10Gbps – year: 2005 ident: CR4 article-title: An empirical approach to modeling Inter-AS traffic matrices publication-title: Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM IMC – year: 2010 ident: CR20 article-title: Internet inter-domain traffic publication-title: Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM – year: 2003 ident: CR1 article-title: An empirical evaluation of wide-area internet bottlenecks publication-title: Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM IMC – ident: CR2 – year: 2006 ident: CR6 article-title: To peer or not to peer: modeling the evolution of the internets AS-level topology publication-title: Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM – volume: 99 start-page: 13382 issue: 21 year: 2002 end-page: 13386 ident: CR32 article-title: Modeling the internet’s large-scale topology publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci doi: 10.1073/pnas.172501399 – ident: CR10 – year: 2008 ident: CR19 publication-title: Social and Economic Networks – year: 2008 ident: CR14 article-title: The flattening internet topology: natural evolution, unsightly barnacles or contrived collapse? 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We propose an agent-based model for peer selection in the Internet at the Autonomous System (AS) level. The proposed model,
GENESIS-CBA
, is based on... |
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| SubjectTerms | Agent-Based Modeling Complex Systems Management Science Mathematics Mathematics and Statistics Multidisciplinary Applications and Methods for Agent-based Modeling Operations Research Operations Research/Decision Theory Simulation and Modeling |
| Title | GENESIS-CBA: an agent-based model of peer evaluation and selection in the internet interdomain network |
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