Program analysis using empirical abstraction
Given a program analysis problem that consists of a program and a property of interest, we use an empirical approach to automatically construct a sequence of abstractions that approach an ideal abstraction suitable for solving that problem. This process begins with an infinite concrete domain that m...
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| Vydáno v: | International journal on software tools for technology transfer Ročník 25; číslo 4; s. 431 - 452 |
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| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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Berlin/Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
01.08.2023
Springer Nature B.V |
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| ISSN: | 1433-2779, 1433-2787 |
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| Abstract | Given a program analysis problem that consists of a program and a property of interest, we use an empirical approach to automatically construct a sequence of abstractions that approach an ideal abstraction suitable for solving that problem. This process begins with an infinite concrete domain that maps to a finite abstract cluster domain defined by statistical procedures. Given a set of properties expressed as formulas in a restricted and bounded variant of CTL, we can test the success of the abstraction with respect to a predefined performance measure. In addition, we can perform iterative abstraction-refinement of the clustering by tuning hyperparameters that determine the accuracy of the cluster representations (abstract states) and determine the number of clusters. |
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| AbstractList | Given a program analysis problem that consists of a program and a property of interest, we use an empirical approach to automatically construct a sequence of abstractions that approach an ideal abstraction suitable for solving that problem. This process begins with an infinite concrete domain that maps to a finite abstract cluster domain defined by statistical procedures. Given a set of properties expressed as formulas in a restricted and bounded variant of CTL, we can test the success of the abstraction with respect to a predefined performance measure. In addition, we can perform iterative abstraction-refinement of the clustering by tuning hyperparameters that determine the accuracy of the cluster representations (abstract states) and determine the number of clusters. |
| Author | Ho, Vivian M. Alvin, Chris Peterson, Brian Mukhopadhyay, Supratik Lawson, Jimmie D. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Vivian M. surname: Ho fullname: Ho, Vivian M. organization: Louisiana State University – sequence: 2 givenname: Chris surname: Alvin fullname: Alvin, Chris email: chris.alvin@furman.edu organization: Furman University – sequence: 3 givenname: Jimmie D. surname: Lawson fullname: Lawson, Jimmie D. organization: Louisiana State University – sequence: 4 givenname: Supratik surname: Mukhopadhyay fullname: Mukhopadhyay, Supratik organization: Louisiana State University – sequence: 5 givenname: Brian surname: Peterson fullname: Peterson, Brian organization: Louisiana State University |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1007/978-3-662-54494-5_10 10.1016/0167-6423(83)90017-5 10.1007/BFb0025774 10.1145/1275497.1275501 10.4018/jwsr.2007100103 10.1017/CBO9780511973000 10.1007/3-540-46691-6_18 10.1145/1181775.1181790 10.1016/j.entcs.2008.11.018 10.1090/S0002-9947-1944-0010555-7 10.1145/76359.76371 10.1007/3-540-63166-6_10 10.1007/s10703-016-0261-8 10.1109/32.988497 |
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| Copyright | The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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| Keywords | Abstract Interpretation Program Analysis Abstract Cluster Domain Bounded CTL |
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| References | CIL. C intermediate language, 2021 ClarkeE.M.EmersonE.A.KozenD.Design and synthesis of synchronization skeletons using branching-time temporal logicLogics of Programs, Workshop, Yorktown Heights1981BerlinSpringer527110.1007/BFb0025774 GrafS.SaïdiH.Construction of abstract state graphs with PVSComputer Aided Verification, 9th International Conference, CAV’97, Proceedings1997728310.1007/3-540-63166-6_10 MonniauxD.Abstract interpretation of programs as Markov decision processesStatic Analysis, 10th International Symposium, SAS 2003, Proceedings2003237254 LavironV.LogozzoF.Refining abstract interpretation-based static analyses with hintsAPLAS2009343358 Rival, X., Mauborgne, L.: The trace partitioning abstract domain. ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 29(5) (2007) SharmaR.NoriA.V.AikenA.Bias–variance tradeoffs in program analysisPOPL2014127138 Sharma, R.: Data-driven verification. PhD thesis, Stanford (2016) BlumerA.EhrenfeuchtA.HausslerD.WarmuthM.K.Learnability and the Vapnik–Chervonenkis dimensionJ. ACM1989364929965107225310.1145/76359.763710697.68079 BeckmanN.E.NoriA.V.RajamaniS.K.SimmonsR.J.Proofs from testsProceedings of the ACM/SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis, ISSTA 20082008314 SmithM.J.A.Probabilistic abstract interpretation of imperative programs using truncated normal distributionsElectron. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci.20082203435910.1016/j.entcs.2008.11.0181286.68094 GehrT.DimitrovD.VechevM.T.Learning commutativity specificationsComputer Aided Verification – 27th International Conference, CAV 2015, Proceedings, Part I2015307323 20th International Conference on Runtime Verification. https://rv20.ait.ac.at/awards ZhangX.NaikM.YangH.Finding optimum abstractions in parametric dataflow analysisPLDI2013365376 BielikP.RaychevV.VechevM.T.PHOG: probabilistic model for codeProceedings of the 33nd International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2016201629332942 WassermanL.All of Nonparametric Statistics2006SecaucusSpringer1099.62029 HoV.M.AlvinC.MukhopadhyayS.PetersonB.LawsonJ.D.DeshmukhJ.NickovicD.Empirical abstractionRuntime Verification – 20th International Conference, RV 2020, Proceedings2020BerlinSpringer259278 FlachP.Machine Learning: The Art and Science of Algorithms That Make Sense of Data2012New YorkCambridge University Press10.1017/CBO97805119730001267.68010 ChenY.HsiehC.LengálO.LiiT.TsaiM.WangB.WangF.PAC learning-based verification and model synthesisProceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 20162016714724 JobstmannB.LeinoK.R.M.Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation – 17th International Conference, VMCAI 2016, Proceedings2016BerlinSpringer1329.68030 SankaranarayananS.ChaudhuriS.IvancicF.GuptaA.Dynamic inference of likely data preconditions over predicates by tree learningProceedings of the ACM/SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis, ISSTA 20082008295306 LiangP.TrippO.NaikM.Learning minimal abstractionsPOPL20113142 CousotP.MonerauM.Probabilistic abstract interpretationProgramming Languages and Systems – 21st European Symposium on Programming, ESOP 2012, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2012, Proceedings2012169193 AlvinC.PetersonB.StaticgenS.M.Static generation of UML sequence diagramsFundamental Approaches to Software Engineering – 20th International Conference, FASE 2017, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2017, Proceedings2017BerlinSpringer173190 BielikP.RaychevV.VechevM.T.Learning a static analyzer from dataComputer Aided Verification – 29th International Conference, CAV 2017, Proceedings, Part I2017233253 LLVM. The LLVM project, 2021 DeshmukhJ.V.MajumdarR.PrabhuV.S.Quantifying conformance using the Skorokhod metricForm. Methods Syst. Des.2017502–316820610.1007/s10703-016-0261-81360.68629 EmersonE.A.ClarkeE.M.Using branching time temporal logic to synthesize synchronization skeletonsSci. Comput. Program.19822324126610.1016/0167-6423(83)90017-50514.68032 NoriA.V.RajamaniS.K.TetaliS.ThakurA.V.The Yogi project: software property checking via static analysis and testingTools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 15th International Conference, TACAS 2009, Held as Part of the Joint European Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2009, Proceedings2009178181 YauS.S.DavulcuH.MukhopadhyayS.HuangD.GongH.SinghP.GelgiF.Automated situation-aware service composition in service-oriented computingInt. J. Web Serv. Res.200744598210.4018/jwsr.2007100103 PadhiS.SharmaR.MillsteinT.D.Data-driven precondition inference with learned featuresProceedings of the 37th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, PLDI 201620164256 OreO.Galois connexionsTrans. Am. Math. Soc.1944554935131055510.1090/S0002-9947-1944-0010555-70060.06204 MunkresJ.R.Topology2013Upper Saddle RiverPearson Education0951.54001 ElbaumS.MalishevskyA.RothermelG.Test case prioritization: a family of empirical studiesIEEE Trans. Softw. Eng.200228215918210.1109/32.988497 CousotP.CousotR.Abstract interpretation: a unified lattice model for static analysis of programs by construction or approximation of fixpointsConference Record of the Fourth Annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages1977New YorkACM Press238252 MukhopadhyayS.PodelskiA.RanganC.P.RamanV.RamanujamR.Beyond region graphs: symbolic forward analysis of timed automataFoundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, 19th Conference1999BerlinSpringer23224410.1007/3-540-46691-6_180958.68088 MauborgneL.RivalX.Trace partitioning in abstract interpretation based static analyzersESOP2005520 GulavaniB.S.HenzingerT.A.KannanY.NoriA.V.RajamaniS.K.SYNERGY: a new algorithm for property checkingProceedings of the 14th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering, FSE 2006200611712710.1145/1181775.1181790 709_CR30 D. Monniaux (709_CR24) 2003 J.V. Deshmukh (709_CR12) 2017; 50 V. Laviron (709_CR21) 2009 709_CR7 709_CR32 S.S. Yau (709_CR37) 2007; 4 709_CR1 P. Bielik (709_CR4) 2016 S. Elbaum (709_CR13) 2002; 28 B.S. Gulavani (709_CR18) 2006 A.V. Nori (709_CR27) 2009 S. Graf (709_CR17) 1997 O. Ore (709_CR28) 1944; 55 A. Blumer (709_CR6) 1989; 36 E.A. Emerson (709_CR14) 1982; 2 R. Sharma (709_CR33) 2014 P. Cousot (709_CR11) 2012 M.J.A. Smith (709_CR34) 2008; 220 709_CR35 P. Flach (709_CR15) 2012 V.M. Ho (709_CR19) 2020 P. Cousot (709_CR10) 1977 C. Alvin (709_CR2) 2017 S. Sankaranarayanan (709_CR31) 2008 X. Zhang (709_CR38) 2013 (709_CR20) 2016 J.R. Munkres (709_CR26) 2013 P. Liang (709_CR22) 2011 S. Mukhopadhyay (709_CR25) 1999 L. Wasserman (709_CR36) 2006 L. Mauborgne (709_CR23) 2005 Y. Chen (709_CR8) 2016 N.E. Beckman (709_CR3) 2008 T. Gehr (709_CR16) 2015 P. Bielik (709_CR5) 2017 S. Padhi (709_CR29) 2016 E.M. Clarke (709_CR9) 1981 |
| References_xml | – reference: 20th International Conference on Runtime Verification. https://rv20.ait.ac.at/awards/ – reference: MauborgneL.RivalX.Trace partitioning in abstract interpretation based static analyzersESOP2005520 – reference: ElbaumS.MalishevskyA.RothermelG.Test case prioritization: a family of empirical studiesIEEE Trans. Softw. Eng.200228215918210.1109/32.988497 – reference: GulavaniB.S.HenzingerT.A.KannanY.NoriA.V.RajamaniS.K.SYNERGY: a new algorithm for property checkingProceedings of the 14th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering, FSE 2006200611712710.1145/1181775.1181790 – reference: MukhopadhyayS.PodelskiA.RanganC.P.RamanV.RamanujamR.Beyond region graphs: symbolic forward analysis of timed automataFoundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, 19th Conference1999BerlinSpringer23224410.1007/3-540-46691-6_180958.68088 – reference: GehrT.DimitrovD.VechevM.T.Learning commutativity specificationsComputer Aided Verification – 27th International Conference, CAV 2015, Proceedings, Part I2015307323 – reference: SankaranarayananS.ChaudhuriS.IvancicF.GuptaA.Dynamic inference of likely data preconditions over predicates by tree learningProceedings of the ACM/SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis, ISSTA 20082008295306 – reference: OreO.Galois connexionsTrans. Am. Math. Soc.1944554935131055510.1090/S0002-9947-1944-0010555-70060.06204 – reference: YauS.S.DavulcuH.MukhopadhyayS.HuangD.GongH.SinghP.GelgiF.Automated situation-aware service composition in service-oriented computingInt. J. Web Serv. Res.200744598210.4018/jwsr.2007100103 – reference: ChenY.HsiehC.LengálO.LiiT.TsaiM.WangB.WangF.PAC learning-based verification and model synthesisProceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 20162016714724 – reference: JobstmannB.LeinoK.R.M.Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation – 17th International Conference, VMCAI 2016, Proceedings2016BerlinSpringer1329.68030 – reference: PadhiS.SharmaR.MillsteinT.D.Data-driven precondition inference with learned featuresProceedings of the 37th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, PLDI 201620164256 – reference: BeckmanN.E.NoriA.V.RajamaniS.K.SimmonsR.J.Proofs from testsProceedings of the ACM/SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis, ISSTA 20082008314 – reference: BlumerA.EhrenfeuchtA.HausslerD.WarmuthM.K.Learnability and the Vapnik–Chervonenkis dimensionJ. ACM1989364929965107225310.1145/76359.763710697.68079 – reference: EmersonE.A.ClarkeE.M.Using branching time temporal logic to synthesize synchronization skeletonsSci. Comput. Program.19822324126610.1016/0167-6423(83)90017-50514.68032 – reference: SharmaR.NoriA.V.AikenA.Bias–variance tradeoffs in program analysisPOPL2014127138 – reference: WassermanL.All of Nonparametric Statistics2006SecaucusSpringer1099.62029 – reference: AlvinC.PetersonB.StaticgenS.M.Static generation of UML sequence diagramsFundamental Approaches to Software Engineering – 20th International Conference, FASE 2017, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2017, Proceedings2017BerlinSpringer173190 – reference: LLVM. The LLVM project, 2021 – reference: MonniauxD.Abstract interpretation of programs as Markov decision processesStatic Analysis, 10th International Symposium, SAS 2003, Proceedings2003237254 – reference: BielikP.RaychevV.VechevM.T.Learning a static analyzer from dataComputer Aided Verification – 29th International Conference, CAV 2017, Proceedings, Part I2017233253 – reference: DeshmukhJ.V.MajumdarR.PrabhuV.S.Quantifying conformance using the Skorokhod metricForm. Methods Syst. Des.2017502–316820610.1007/s10703-016-0261-81360.68629 – reference: FlachP.Machine Learning: The Art and Science of Algorithms That Make Sense of Data2012New YorkCambridge University Press10.1017/CBO97805119730001267.68010 – reference: HoV.M.AlvinC.MukhopadhyayS.PetersonB.LawsonJ.D.DeshmukhJ.NickovicD.Empirical abstractionRuntime Verification – 20th International Conference, RV 2020, Proceedings2020BerlinSpringer259278 – reference: CIL. 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