Fire, livestock grazing, topography, and precipitation affect occurrence and prevalence of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) in the central Great Basin, USA
Cheatgrass ( Bromus tectorum ) has increased the extent and frequency of fire and negatively affected native plant and animal species across the Intermountain West (USA). However, the strengths of association between cheatgrass occurrence or abundance and fire, livestock grazing, and precipitation a...
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| Vydané v: | Biological invasions Ročník 22; číslo 2; s. 663 - 680 |
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| Hlavní autori: | , , , , , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
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Cham
Springer International Publishing
01.02.2020
Springer Nature B.V |
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| ISSN: | 1387-3547, 1573-1464 |
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| Abstract | Cheatgrass (
Bromus tectorum
) has increased the extent and frequency of fire and negatively affected native plant and animal species across the Intermountain West (USA). However, the strengths of association between cheatgrass occurrence or abundance and fire, livestock grazing, and precipitation are not well understood. We used 14 years of data from 417 sites across 10,000 km
2
in the central Great Basin to assess the effects of the foregoing predictors on cheatgrass occurrence and prevalence (i.e., given occurrence, the proportion of measurements in which the species was detected). We implemented hierarchical Bayesian models and considered covariates for which > 0.90 or < 0.10 of the posterior predictive mass for the regression coefficient ≥ 0 as strongly associated with the response variable. Similar to previous research, our models indicated that fire is a strong, positive predictor of cheatgrass occurrence and prevalence. Models fitted to all sample points and to only unburned points indicated that grazing and the proportion of years grazed were strong positive predictors of occurrence and prevalence. In contrast, in models restricted to burned points, prevalence was high, but decreased slightly as the proportion of years grazed increased (relative to other burned points). Prevalence of cheatgrass also decreased as the prevalence of perennial grasses increased. Cheatgrass occurrence decreased as elevation increased, but prevalence within the elevational range of cheatgrass increased as median winter precipitation, elevation, and solar exposure increased. Our novel time-series data and results indicate that grazing corresponds with increased cheatgrass occurrence and prevalence regardless of variation in climate, topography, or community composition, and provide no support for the notion that contemporary grazing regimes or grazing in conjunction with fire can suppress cheatgrass. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Cheatgrass (
Bromus tectorum
) has increased the extent and frequency of fire and negatively affected native plant and animal species across the Intermountain West (USA). However, the strengths of association between cheatgrass occurrence or abundance and fire, livestock grazing, and precipitation are not well understood. We used 14 years of data from 417 sites across 10,000 km
2
in the central Great Basin to assess the effects of the foregoing predictors on cheatgrass occurrence and prevalence (i.e., given occurrence, the proportion of measurements in which the species was detected). We implemented hierarchical Bayesian models and considered covariates for which > 0.90 or < 0.10 of the posterior predictive mass for the regression coefficient ≥ 0 as strongly associated with the response variable. Similar to previous research, our models indicated that fire is a strong, positive predictor of cheatgrass occurrence and prevalence. Models fitted to all sample points and to only unburned points indicated that grazing and the proportion of years grazed were strong positive predictors of occurrence and prevalence. In contrast, in models restricted to burned points, prevalence was high, but decreased slightly as the proportion of years grazed increased (relative to other burned points). Prevalence of cheatgrass also decreased as the prevalence of perennial grasses increased. Cheatgrass occurrence decreased as elevation increased, but prevalence within the elevational range of cheatgrass increased as median winter precipitation, elevation, and solar exposure increased. Our novel time-series data and results indicate that grazing corresponds with increased cheatgrass occurrence and prevalence regardless of variation in climate, topography, or community composition, and provide no support for the notion that contemporary grazing regimes or grazing in conjunction with fire can suppress cheatgrass. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) has increased the extent and frequency of fire and negatively affected native plant and animal species across the Intermountain West (USA). However, the strengths of association between cheatgrass occurrence or abundance and fire, livestock grazing, and precipitation are not well understood. We used 14 years of data from 417 sites across 10,000 km2 in the central Great Basin to assess the effects of the foregoing predictors on cheatgrass occurrence and prevalence (i.e., given occurrence, the proportion of measurements in which the species was detected). We implemented hierarchical Bayesian models and considered covariates for which > 0.90 or < 0.10 of the posterior predictive mass for the regression coefficient ≥ 0 as strongly associated with the response variable. Similar to previous research, our models indicated that fire is a strong, positive predictor of cheatgrass occurrence and prevalence. Models fitted to all sample points and to only unburned points indicated that grazing and the proportion of years grazed were strong positive predictors of occurrence and prevalence. In contrast, in models restricted to burned points, prevalence was high, but decreased slightly as the proportion of years grazed increased (relative to other burned points). Prevalence of cheatgrass also decreased as the prevalence of perennial grasses increased. Cheatgrass occurrence decreased as elevation increased, but prevalence within the elevational range of cheatgrass increased as median winter precipitation, elevation, and solar exposure increased. Our novel time-series data and results indicate that grazing corresponds with increased cheatgrass occurrence and prevalence regardless of variation in climate, topography, or community composition, and provide no support for the notion that contemporary grazing regimes or grazing in conjunction with fire can suppress cheatgrass. |
| Author | Fleishman, Erica Chambers, Jeanne C. Williamson, Matthew A. Board, David I. Mac Nally, Ralph C. Horning, Ned Leu, Matthias Bradley, Bethany A. Dobkin, David S. Fogarty, Frank A. Wohlfeil Zillig, Martha |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Matthew A. orcidid: 0000-0002-2550-5828 surname: Williamson fullname: Williamson, Matthew A. email: mattwilliamson@boisestate.edu organization: Boise State University, University of California – sequence: 2 givenname: Erica surname: Fleishman fullname: Fleishman, Erica organization: University of California, Colorado State University – sequence: 3 givenname: Ralph C. surname: Mac Nally fullname: Mac Nally, Ralph C. organization: Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne – sequence: 4 givenname: Jeanne C. surname: Chambers fullname: Chambers, Jeanne C. organization: Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service – sequence: 5 givenname: Bethany A. surname: Bradley fullname: Bradley, Bethany A. organization: University of Massachusetts – sequence: 6 givenname: David S. surname: Dobkin fullname: Dobkin, David S. organization: High Desert Ecological Research Institute – sequence: 7 givenname: David I. surname: Board fullname: Board, David I. organization: Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service – sequence: 8 givenname: Frank A. surname: Fogarty fullname: Fogarty, Frank A. organization: University of California – sequence: 9 givenname: Ned surname: Horning fullname: Horning, Ned organization: American Museum of Natural History – sequence: 10 givenname: Matthias surname: Leu fullname: Leu, Matthias organization: College of William and Mary – sequence: 11 givenname: Martha surname: Wohlfeil Zillig fullname: Wohlfeil Zillig, Martha organization: University of California |
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| Copyright | Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 Biological Invasions is a copyright of Springer, (2019). All Rights Reserved. |
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Bromus tectorum
) has increased the extent and frequency of fire and negatively affected native plant and animal species across the Intermountain... Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) has increased the extent and frequency of fire and negatively affected native plant and animal species across the Intermountain... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animal species Bayesian analysis Biomedical and Life Sciences Bromus tectorum Community composition Developmental Biology Ecology Elevation Freshwater & Marine Ecology Grazing Herbivores Indigenous plants Indigenous species Life Sciences Livestock Livestock grazing Mathematical models Original Paper Plant Sciences Precipitation Regression coefficients Topography |
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| Title | Fire, livestock grazing, topography, and precipitation affect occurrence and prevalence of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) in the central Great Basin, USA |
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