Discrete Salp Swarm Algorithm for Euclidean Travelling Salesman Problem

The Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) is one of the recently proposed swarm intelligence-based algorithms, which finds its motivation in the swarming behaviour of salps when navigating and foraging in the ocean. The SSA is essentially derived to solve optimization problems that have continuous search space...

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Published in:	Applied intelligence (Dordrecht, Netherlands) Vol. 53; no. 10; pp. 11420 - 11438
Main Authors:	Panwar, Karuna, Deep, Kusum
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York Springer US 01.05.2023 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Algorithms Artificial Intelligence Combinatorial analysis Computer Science Genetic algorithms Machines Manufacturing Mechanical Engineering Optimization Processes Searching Swarm intelligence Swarming Traveling salesman problem Salp swarm algorithm Travelling salesman problem 2-opt algorithm Metaheuristics Combinatorial optimization problem
ISSN:	0924-669X, 1573-7497
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Abstract	The Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) is one of the recently proposed swarm intelligence-based algorithms, which finds its motivation in the swarming behaviour of salps when navigating and foraging in the ocean. The SSA is essentially derived to solve optimization problems that have continuous search space. SSA is a simple to implement and competitive algorithm that has been proven helpful in a variety of real-world applications. It has been explored over several optimization problems so far. In this study, an enhanced discrete version of SSA is proposed to solve the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). As TSP is a combinatorial optimization problem, the classical SSA is modified using swap, shift and symmetry operators for global exploration and local exploitation. Also, the 2-opt method has been incorporated with the proposed algorithm to improve the local search ability of the algorithm while addressing discrete problems. The proposed Discrete Salp Swarm Algorithm (DSSA) has evaluated over 45 TSP instances, and the computational results showed that it is a promising algorithm. To assess its performance, the proposed algorithm’s results are compared with well-known algorithms such as Genetic Algorithm, Artificial Bee Colony, Spider Monkey Algorithm, Jaya Algorithm, Black Hole, Symbiotic Organism Search etc. The proposed algorithm significantly outperformed these algorithms for a majority of TSP instances.
AbstractList	The Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) is one of the recently proposed swarm intelligence-based algorithms, which finds its motivation in the swarming behaviour of salps when navigating and foraging in the ocean. The SSA is essentially derived to solve optimization problems that have continuous search space. SSA is a simple to implement and competitive algorithm that has been proven helpful in a variety of real-world applications. It has been explored over several optimization problems so far. In this study, an enhanced discrete version of SSA is proposed to solve the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). As TSP is a combinatorial optimization problem, the classical SSA is modified using swap, shift and symmetry operators for global exploration and local exploitation. Also, the 2-opt method has been incorporated with the proposed algorithm to improve the local search ability of the algorithm while addressing discrete problems. The proposed Discrete Salp Swarm Algorithm (DSSA) has evaluated over 45 TSP instances, and the computational results showed that it is a promising algorithm. To assess its performance, the proposed algorithm’s results are compared with well-known algorithms such as Genetic Algorithm, Artificial Bee Colony, Spider Monkey Algorithm, Jaya Algorithm, Black Hole, Symbiotic Organism Search etc. The proposed algorithm significantly outperformed these algorithms for a majority of TSP instances.
Author	Deep, Kusum Panwar, Karuna
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Karuna surname: Panwar fullname: Panwar, Karuna email: kpanwar@ma.iitr.ac.in organization: Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee – sequence: 2 givenname: Kusum surname: Deep fullname: Deep, Kusum organization: Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
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SubjectTerms	Algorithms Artificial Intelligence Combinatorial analysis Computer Science Genetic algorithms Machines Manufacturing Mechanical Engineering Optimization Processes Searching Swarm intelligence Swarming Traveling salesman problem
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Title	Discrete Salp Swarm Algorithm for Euclidean Travelling Salesman Problem
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