Analog Coherent Detection for Energy Efficient Intra-Data Center Links at 200 Gbps Per Wavelength

As datacenters continue to scale in size, energy efficiency for short reach (<; 2 km) links is a major factor for networks that may connect hundreds of thousands of servers. We demonstrate that links based on analog coherent detection (ACD) offer a promising path to simultaneously achieving signi...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Journal of lightwave technology Jg. 39; H. 2; S. 520 - 531
Hauptverfasser:	Hirokawa, Takako, Pinna, Sergio, Hosseinzadeh, Navid, Maharry, Aaron, Andrade, Hector, Liu, Junqian, Meissner, Thomas, Misak, Stephen, Movaghar, Ghazal, Valenzuela, Luis A., Xia, Yujie, Bhat, Shireesh, Gambini, Fabrizio, Klamkin, Jonathan, Saleh, Adel A. M., Coldren, Larry, Buckwalter, James F., Schow, Clint L.
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	New York IEEE 15.01.2021 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Schlagworte:	Budgets Coherent detection Converters data center Data centers Digital signal processing Electronic components Energy conversion efficiency Energy efficiency Engineering Error correction Links Multiplexing Optical losses Optical receivers Optical transmitters Optics Phase locked loops Phase shift keying Power consumption Quadrature phase shift keying Telecommunications
ISSN:	0733-8724, 1558-2213
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Abstract	As datacenters continue to scale in size, energy efficiency for short reach (<; 2 km) links is a major factor for networks that may connect hundreds of thousands of servers. We demonstrate that links based on analog coherent detection (ACD) offer a promising path to simultaneously achieving significantly larger link budgets and improved link energy efficiency. A complete analysis is presented that considers the power consumption of all the photonic and electronic components necessary to realize an ACD link architecture based on 50 Gbaud (GBd) quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) signaling combined with polarization multiplexing to achieve 200 Gb/s/λ. These links utilize receivers that incorporate an optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) to frequency- and phase-lock the local oscillator (LO) laser to the incoming signal. QPSK modulation offers compelling advantages both in achievable link budget and in energy efficiency. Indeed, low-complexity electronics based on limiting amplifiers can be used as opposed to the linear front-ends, A/D converters, and digital signal processing (DSP) required for higher-order QAM or PAM formats. Our analysis indicates that links with 13 dB of unallocated budget operating at error rates of <; 10 -12 can be achieved and is compatible with higher error rates that require forward error correction (FEC). We present a comparison of silicon and InP platforms and evaluate both traveling-wave and segmented modulator designs, providing an illustration of the wide design space before converging on the most promising architectures that maximize energy efficiency and minimize laser power. We establish the theoretical potential to achieve picojoule-per-bit energy efficiency targets.
AbstractList	As datacenters continue to scale in size, energy efficiency for short reach (<; 2 km) links is a major factor for networks that may connect hundreds of thousands of servers. We demonstrate that links based on analog coherent detection (ACD) offer a promising path to simultaneously achieving significantly larger link budgets and improved link energy efficiency. A complete analysis is presented that considers the power consumption of all the photonic and electronic components necessary to realize an ACD link architecture based on 50 Gbaud (GBd) quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) signaling combined with polarization multiplexing to achieve 200 Gb/s/λ. These links utilize receivers that incorporate an optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) to frequency- and phase-lock the local oscillator (LO) laser to the incoming signal. QPSK modulation offers compelling advantages both in achievable link budget and in energy efficiency. Indeed, low-complexity electronics based on limiting amplifiers can be used as opposed to the linear front-ends, A/D converters, and digital signal processing (DSP) required for higher-order QAM or PAM formats. Our analysis indicates that links with 13 dB of unallocated budget operating at error rates of <; 10 -12 can be achieved and is compatible with higher error rates that require forward error correction (FEC). We present a comparison of silicon and InP platforms and evaluate both traveling-wave and segmented modulator designs, providing an illustration of the wide design space before converging on the most promising architectures that maximize energy efficiency and minimize laser power. We establish the theoretical potential to achieve picojoule-per-bit energy efficiency targets. Not provided. As datacenters continue to scale in size, energy efficiency for short reach (<2 km) links is a major factor for networks that may connect hundreds of thousands of servers. We demonstrate that links based on analog coherent detection (ACD) offer a promising path to simultaneously achieving significantly larger link budgets and improved link energy efficiency. A complete analysis is presented that considers the power consumption of all the photonic and electronic components necessary to realize an ACD link architecture based on 50 Gbaud (GBd) quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) signaling combined with polarization multiplexing to achieve 200 Gb/s/λ. These links utilize receivers that incorporate an optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) to frequency- and phase-lock the local oscillator (LO) laser to the incoming signal. QPSK modulation offers compelling advantages both in achievable link budget and in energy efficiency. Indeed, low-complexity electronics based on limiting amplifiers can be used as opposed to the linear front-ends, A/D converters, and digital signal processing (DSP) required for higher-order QAM or PAM formats. Our analysis indicates that links with 13 dB of unallocated budget operating at error rates of <10−12 can be achieved and is compatible with higher error rates that require forward error correction (FEC). We present a comparison of silicon and InP platforms and evaluate both traveling-wave and segmented modulator designs, providing an illustration of the wide design space before converging on the most promising architectures that maximize energy efficiency and minimize laser power. We establish the theoretical potential to achieve picojoule-per-bit energy efficiency targets.
Author	Buckwalter, James F. Movaghar, Ghazal Liu, Junqian Maharry, Aaron Xia, Yujie Meissner, Thomas Misak, Stephen Gambini, Fabrizio Klamkin, Jonathan Valenzuela, Luis A. Bhat, Shireesh Saleh, Adel A. M. Hirokawa, Takako Hosseinzadeh, Navid Andrade, Hector Schow, Clint L. Pinna, Sergio Coldren, Larry
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Takako orcidid: 0000-0002-1452-082X surname: Hirokawa fullname: Hirokawa, Takako email: takako@ucsb.edu organization: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Sergio orcidid: 0000-0001-6106-3775 surname: Pinna fullname: Pinna, Sergio email: pinna@ece.ucsb.edu organization: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Navid orcidid: 0000-0003-1024-9435 surname: Hosseinzadeh fullname: Hosseinzadeh, Navid email: hosseinzadeh@ucsb.edu organization: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Aaron orcidid: 0000-0002-7373-2697 surname: Maharry fullname: Maharry, Aaron email: amaharry@ucsb.edu organization: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Hector orcidid: 0000-0002-1997-3983 surname: Andrade fullname: Andrade, Hector email: handrade@ucsb.edu organization: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Junqian surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Junqian email: junqian@ucsb.edu organization: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Thomas surname: Meissner fullname: Meissner, Thomas email: thomas_meissner@ucsb.edu organization: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Stephen orcidid: 0000-0001-5497-3084 surname: Misak fullname: Misak, Stephen email: smisak@ucsb.edu organization: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA – sequence: 9 givenname: Ghazal surname: Movaghar fullname: Movaghar, Ghazal email: ghazalmovaghar@ucsb.edu organization: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA – sequence: 10 givenname: Luis A. orcidid: 0000-0002-5560-8705 surname: Valenzuela fullname: Valenzuela, Luis A. email: valenzuela@ucsb.edu organization: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA – sequence: 11 givenname: Yujie surname: Xia fullname: Xia, Yujie email: yujiexia@ucsb.edu organization: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA – sequence: 12 givenname: Shireesh surname: Bhat fullname: Bhat, Shireesh email: sbhat@ece.ucsb.edu organization: University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA – sequence: 13 givenname: Fabrizio surname: Gambini fullname: Gambini, Fabrizio email: fgambini@ucsb.edu organization: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA – sequence: 14 givenname: Jonathan surname: Klamkin fullname: Klamkin, Jonathan email: klamkin@ece.ucsb.edu organization: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA – sequence: 15 givenname: Adel A. M. orcidid: 0000-0001-8245-1136 surname: Saleh fullname: Saleh, Adel A. M. email: adelsaleh@ece.ucsb.edu organization: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA – sequence: 16 givenname: Larry orcidid: 0000-0002-1977-3826 surname: Coldren fullname: Coldren, Larry email: coldren@ece.ucsb.edu organization: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA – sequence: 17 givenname: James F. orcidid: 0000-0002-9390-0897 surname: Buckwalter fullname: Buckwalter, James F. email: buckwalter@ece.ucsb.edu organization: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA – sequence: 18 givenname: Clint L. surname: Schow fullname: Schow, Clint L. email: schow@ece.ucsb.edu organization: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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Snippet	As datacenters continue to scale in size, energy efficiency for short reach (<; 2 km) links is a major factor for networks that may connect hundreds of... As datacenters continue to scale in size, energy efficiency for short reach (<2 km) links is a major factor for networks that may connect hundreds of thousands... Not provided.
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SubjectTerms	Budgets Coherent detection Converters data center Data centers Digital signal processing Electronic components Energy conversion efficiency Energy efficiency Engineering Error correction Links Multiplexing Optical losses Optical receivers Optical transmitters Optics Phase locked loops Phase shift keying Power consumption Quadrature phase shift keying Telecommunications
Title	Analog Coherent Detection for Energy Efficient Intra-Data Center Links at 200 Gbps Per Wavelength
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