A three‐dimensional two‐hemisphere model for unmanned aerial vehicle multiple‐input multiple‐output channels
The application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has recently attracted considerable interest in various areas. A three‐dimensional multiple‐input multiple‐output concentric two‐hemisphere model is proposed to characterize the scattering environment around a vehicle in an urban UAV‐to‐vehicle comm...
Uložené v:
| Vydané v: | ETRI journal Ročník 45; číslo 5; s. 768 - 780 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autori: | , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
| Vydavateľské údaje: |
한국전자통신연구원
01.10.2023
|
| Predmet: | |
| ISSN: | 1225-6463, 2233-7326 |
| On-line prístup: | Získať plný text |
| Tagy: |
Pridať tag
Žiadne tagy, Buďte prvý, kto otaguje tento záznam!
|
| Abstract | The application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has recently attracted considerable interest in various areas. A three‐dimensional multiple‐input multiple‐output concentric two‐hemisphere model is proposed to characterize the scattering environment around a vehicle in an urban UAV‐to‐vehicle communication scenario. Multipath components of the model consisted of line‐of‐sight and single‐bounced components. This study focused on the key parameters that determine the scatterer distribution. A time‐variant process was used to analyze the nonstationarity of the proposed model. Vital statistical properties, such as the space–time–frequency correlation function, Doppler power spectral density, level‐crossing rate, average fade duration, and channel capacity, were derived and analyzed. The results indicated that with an increase in the maximum scatter radius, the time correlation and level‐crossing rate decreased, the frequency correlation function had a faster downward trend, and average fade duration increased. In addition, with the increase of concentration parameter, the time correlation, space correlation, and level‐crossing rate increased, average fade duration decreased, and Doppler power spectral density became flatter. The proposed model was compared with current geometry‐based stochastic models (GBSMs) and showed good consistency. In addition, we verified the nonstationarity in the temporal and spatial domains of the proposed model. These conclusions can be used as references in the design of more reasonable communication systems. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has recently attracted considerable interest in various areas. A three‐dimensional multiple‐input multiple‐output concentric two‐hemisphere model is proposed to characterize the scattering environment around a vehicle in an urban UAV‐to‐vehicle communication scenario. Multipath components of the model consisted of line‐of‐sight and single‐bounced components. This study focused on the key parameters that determine the scatterer distribution. A time‐variant process was used to analyze the nonstationarity of the proposed model. Vital statistical properties, such as the space–time–frequency correlation function, Doppler power spectral density, level‐crossing rate, average fade duration, and channel capacity, were derived and analyzed. The results indicated that with an increase in the maximum scatter radius, the time correlation and level‐crossing rate decreased, the frequency correlation function had a faster downward trend, and average fade duration increased. In addition, with the increase of concentration parameter, the time correlation, space correlation, and level‐crossing rate increased, average fade duration decreased, and Doppler power spectral density became flatter. The proposed model was compared with current geometry‐based stochastic models (GBSMs) and showed good consistency. In addition, we verified the nonstationarity in the temporal and spatial domains of the proposed model. These conclusions can be used as references in the design of more reasonable communication systems. The application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has recently attracted considerable interest in various areas. A three-dimensional multiple-input multiple-output concentric two-hemisphere model is proposed to characterize the scattering environment around a vehicle in an urban UAV-to-vehicle communication scenario. Multipath components of the model consisted of lineof-sight and single-bounced components. This study focused on the key parameters that determine the scatterer distribution. A time-variant process was used to analyze the nonstationarity of the proposed model. Vital statistical properties, such as the space–time–frequency correlation function, Doppler power spectral density, level-crossing rate, average fade duration, and channel capacity, were derived and analyzed. The results indicated that with an increase in the maximum scatter radius, the time correlation and levelcrossing rate decreased, the frequency correlation function had a faster downward trend, and average fade duration increased. In addition, with the increase of concentration parameter, the time correlation, space correlation, and levelcrossing rate increased, average fade duration decreased, and Doppler power spectral density became flatter. The proposed model was compared with current geometry-based stochastic models (GBSMs) and showed good consistency. In addition, we verified the nonstationarity in the temporal and spatial domains of the proposed model. These conclusions can be used as references in the design of more reasonable communication systems. KCI Citation Count: 1 |
| Author | Chen, Wei Yu, Junyi Li, Changzhen Wang, Zixin Su, Zixu Gong, Guojiao |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Zixu orcidid: 0000-0001-5045-6733 surname: Su fullname: Su, Zixu organization: Wuhan University of Technology – sequence: 2 givenname: Wei surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Wei organization: Wuhan University of Technology – sequence: 3 givenname: Changzhen surname: Li fullname: Li, Changzhen email: changzhen.li@whut.edu.cn organization: Wuhan University of Technology – sequence: 4 givenname: Junyi surname: Yu fullname: Yu, Junyi organization: Beijing MetaRadio Technologies Co. Ltd – sequence: 5 givenname: Guojiao surname: Gong fullname: Gong, Guojiao organization: Wuhan University of Technology – sequence: 6 givenname: Zixin surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Zixin organization: Wuhan University of Technology |
| BackLink | https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART003012685$$DAccess content in National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) |
| BookMark | eNqFkL1OwzAUhS1UJNrCzJoZKa1_YjcZq6pApUpIqMyWm9wQt44dOSlVNx6BZ-RJcFoGNqZzdfSdO3wjNLDOAkL3BE8SStIpdF7vJhRTGuOEiys0pJSxeMaoGKAhoZTHIhHsBo3adocxDVA6RN086ioP8P35VegabKudVSbqji40FdS6bSrwENWuABOVzkcHWytroYgUeB3QD6h0bgJxMJ1uTP9J2-bQ_S3coeubvOqXpr1F16UyLdz95hi9PS43i-d4_fK0WszXcc5ImsUpZpwXW54JlXKRpphDAjwRlM0w2WZixggUmKmSqDxTLNyiLAlXKSkJZUXBxujh8tf6Uu5zLZ3S53x3cu_l_HWzkgQzyijJAjy9wLl3beuhlI3XtfKngMjesDwblr1h2RsOC3FZHLWB03-4XG5eKaECZ-wH9N-IFg |
| Cites_doi | 10.1109/WCSP52459.2021.9613702 10.1109/WCSP.2018.8555639 10.1109/ICCC51575.2020.9345124 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2919790 10.1049/iet-com.2019.0149 10.1109/WICOM.2007.81 10.1109/TVT.2022.3175223 10.1109/JIOT.2020.2995707 10.1109/GLOBECOM42002.2020.9322621 10.1109/ICCC51575.2020.9345202 10.1109/VTC2022-Spring54318.2022.9860641 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3108411 10.1109/GLOCOM.2010.5683452 10.1109/GLOCOM.2018.8647214 10.1109/WCSP.2019.8928089 10.1109/TVT.2022.3163168 10.1109/JSAC.2021.3088664 10.1109/TVT.2020.3028301 10.1109/WPMC52694.2021.9700458 10.1109/TVT.2021.3116953 10.1109/VTCFall.2019.8891290 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2933173 10.1109/ICC.2008.834 10.1109/VTCSpring.2017.8108213 10.1109/TVT.2019.2961178 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 1225‐6463/$ © 2023 ETRI |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 1225‐6463/$ © 2023 ETRI |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION ACYCR |
| DOI | 10.4218/etrij.2022-0456 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Korean Citation Index |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| EISSN | 2233-7326 |
| EndPage | 780 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_kci_go_kr_ARTI_10323219 10_4218_etrij_2022_0456 ETR212609 |
| Genre | article |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities funderid: no. 2022IVA039 – fundername: National Natural Science Foundation of China funderid: 52102399 |
| GroupedDBID | -~X .4S .DC 0R~ 29G 2WC 5GY 5VS 9ZL AAKPC AAMMB ACGFS ACXQS ACYCR ADBBV ADDVE ADMLS AEFGJ AENEX AGXDD AIDQK AIDYY ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ARCSS AVUZU BCNDV DU5 E3Z EBS EDO EJD GROUPED_DOAJ IPNFZ ITG ITH JDI KQ8 KVFHK MK~ ML~ O9- OK1 OVT RIG RNS TR2 TUS WIN XSB AAYXX ALUQN CITATION |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c3189-80355db596a8568805e4e54623701b96731ed03af1ac9a3ed06ff15a81f123dd3 |
| IEDL.DBID | WIN |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 1 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001068162700001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1225-6463 |
| IngestDate | Sat Oct 25 08:02:51 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 03:21:30 EST 2025 Sun Jul 06 04:45:50 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 5 |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c3189-80355db596a8568805e4e54623701b96731ed03af1ac9a3ed06ff15a81f123dd3 |
| Notes | https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.2022-0456 |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5045-6733 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.2022-0456 |
| PageCount | 13 |
| ParticipantIDs | nrf_kci_oai_kci_go_kr_ARTI_10323219 crossref_primary_10_4218_etrij_2022_0456 wiley_primary_10_4218_etrij_2022_0456_ETR212609 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | October 2023 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2023-10-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 10 year: 2023 text: October 2023 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationTitle | ETRI journal |
| PublicationYear | 2023 |
| Publisher | 한국전자통신연구원 |
| Publisher_xml | – name: 한국전자통신연구원 |
| References | 2021; 9 2019; 7 2020; 7 2022; 71 2022 2021 2010 2020 2019; 13 2021; 39 2019; 69 2019 2008 2018 2007 2017 2020; 69 2018; 15 2021; 70 e_1_2_8_24_1 e_1_2_8_25_1 e_1_2_8_26_1 Jia R. (e_1_2_8_14_1) 2018; 15 e_1_2_8_27_1 e_1_2_8_3_1 e_1_2_8_2_1 e_1_2_8_5_1 e_1_2_8_4_1 e_1_2_8_7_1 e_1_2_8_6_1 e_1_2_8_9_1 e_1_2_8_8_1 e_1_2_8_20_1 e_1_2_8_21_1 e_1_2_8_22_1 e_1_2_8_23_1 e_1_2_8_17_1 e_1_2_8_18_1 e_1_2_8_19_1 e_1_2_8_13_1 e_1_2_8_15_1 e_1_2_8_16_1 e_1_2_8_10_1 e_1_2_8_11_1 e_1_2_8_12_1 |
| References_xml | – start-page: 1 year: 2010 end-page: 5 – volume: 39 start-page: 2992 issue: 10 year: 2021 end-page: 3005 article-title: A novel non‐stationary 6G UAV channel model for maritime communications publication-title: IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. – volume: 70 start-page: 11154 issue: 11 year: 2021 end-page: 11168 article-title: 3d non‐stationary wideband UAV‐to‐ground MIMO channel models based on aeronautic random mobility model publication-title: IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. – start-page: 1 year: 2017 end-page: 5 – start-page: 1 year: 2021 end-page: 6 – volume: 9 start-page: 5290 issue: 7 year: 2021 end-page: 5303 article-title: A nonstationary 3‐D wideband channel model for low‐altitude UAV‐MIMO communication systems publication-title: IEEE Internet Things J. – start-page: 500 year: 2020 end-page: 506 – start-page: 1356 year: 2020 end-page: 1362 – start-page: 1 year: 2018 end-page: 6 – volume: 13 start-page: 2941 year: 2019 end-page: 2945 article-title: 3d non–stationary unmanned aerial vehicles' MIMO channel model publication-title: IET Commun. – volume: 7 start-page: 107769 year: 2019 end-page: 107792 article-title: A comprehensive survey on UAV communication channel modeling publication-title: IEEE Access – volume: 7 start-page: 8674 issue: 9 year: 2020 end-page: 8687 article-title: A 3‐d geometry‐based stochastic model for unmanned aerial vehicle MIMO Ricean fading channels publication-title: IEEE Internet Things J. – volume: 69 start-page: 12418 issue: 11 year: 2020 end-page: 12431 article-title: Impact of UAV rotation on MIMO channel characterization for air‐to‐ground communication systems publication-title: IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. – start-page: 299 year: 2007 end-page: 301 – start-page: 1 year: 2021 end-page: 5 – volume: 69 start-page: 1214 issue: 2 year: 2019 end-page: 1226 article-title: A wideband non‐stationary air‐to‐air channel model for UAV communications publication-title: IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. – start-page: 206 year: 2018 end-page: 212 – start-page: 1 year: 2019 end-page: 5 – volume: 7 start-page: 70719 year: 2019 end-page: 70732 article-title: A 3d non‐stationary wideband GBSM for low‐altitude UAV‐to‐ground V2V MIMO channels publication-title: IEEE Access – volume: 71 start-page: 8016 year: 2022 end-page: 8029 article-title: A 3D wideband channel model for RIS‐assisted MIMO communications publication-title: IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. – start-page: 1 year: 2020 end-page: 6 – volume: 15 start-page: 64 issue: 12 year: 2018 end-page: 74 article-title: 3d geometry‐based UAV‐MIMO channel modeling and simulation publication-title: China Commun. – start-page: 4446 year: 2008 end-page: 4450 – volume: 71 start-page: 6698 year: 2022 end-page: 6703 article-title: Geometry‐based UAV‐MIMO channel modeling assisted by intelligent reflecting surface publication-title: IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. – start-page: 1 year: 2022 end-page: 5 – ident: e_1_2_8_7_1 doi: 10.1109/WCSP52459.2021.9613702 – ident: e_1_2_8_15_1 doi: 10.1109/WCSP.2018.8555639 – ident: e_1_2_8_20_1 doi: 10.1109/ICCC51575.2020.9345124 – ident: e_1_2_8_5_1 doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2919790 – ident: e_1_2_8_26_1 doi: 10.1049/iet-com.2019.0149 – ident: e_1_2_8_27_1 doi: 10.1109/WICOM.2007.81 – ident: e_1_2_8_23_1 doi: 10.1109/TVT.2022.3175223 – ident: e_1_2_8_11_1 doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2020.2995707 – ident: e_1_2_8_10_1 doi: 10.1109/GLOBECOM42002.2020.9322621 – ident: e_1_2_8_6_1 doi: 10.1109/ICCC51575.2020.9345202 – ident: e_1_2_8_25_1 doi: 10.1109/VTC2022-Spring54318.2022.9860641 – ident: e_1_2_8_12_1 doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3108411 – ident: e_1_2_8_18_1 doi: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2010.5683452 – ident: e_1_2_8_4_1 doi: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2018.8647214 – ident: e_1_2_8_2_1 doi: 10.1109/WCSP.2019.8928089 – ident: e_1_2_8_22_1 doi: 10.1109/TVT.2022.3163168 – volume: 15 start-page: 64 issue: 12 year: 2018 ident: e_1_2_8_14_1 article-title: 3d geometry‐based UAV‐MIMO channel modeling and simulation publication-title: China Commun. – ident: e_1_2_8_19_1 doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2021.3088664 – ident: e_1_2_8_17_1 doi: 10.1109/TVT.2020.3028301 – ident: e_1_2_8_21_1 doi: 10.1109/WPMC52694.2021.9700458 – ident: e_1_2_8_13_1 doi: 10.1109/TVT.2021.3116953 – ident: e_1_2_8_8_1 doi: 10.1109/VTCFall.2019.8891290 – ident: e_1_2_8_3_1 doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2933173 – ident: e_1_2_8_24_1 doi: 10.1109/ICC.2008.834 – ident: e_1_2_8_16_1 doi: 10.1109/VTCSpring.2017.8108213 – ident: e_1_2_8_9_1 doi: 10.1109/TVT.2019.2961178 |
| SSID | ssj0020458 |
| Score | 2.322718 |
| Snippet | The application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has recently attracted considerable interest in various areas. A three‐dimensional multiple‐input... The application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has recently attracted considerable interest in various areas. A three-dimensional multiple-input... |
| SourceID | nrf crossref wiley |
| SourceType | Open Website Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 768 |
| SubjectTerms | channel modeling MIMO channel statistical properties UAV communication 전자/정보통신공학 |
| Title | A three‐dimensional two‐hemisphere model for unmanned aerial vehicle multiple‐input multiple‐output channels |
| URI | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.4218%2Fetrij.2022-0456 https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART003012685 |
| Volume | 45 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos001068162700001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| ispartofPNX | ETRI Journal, 2023, 45(5), , pp.768-780 |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 2233-7326 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0020458 issn: 1225-6463 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20170101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVWIB databaseName: Wiley Online Library Free Content customDbUrl: eissn: 2233-7326 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0020458 issn: 1225-6463 databaseCode: WIN dateStart: 19970101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com providerName: Wiley-Blackwell |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1NS8MwGA46POjBb3F-EdCDl-KyJmlzFJkoyBCZuFtI0lSn2Ent9OpP8Df6S3zfdA7nRQRPLYGE9v183jZ5XkIOrGDemlxEgBV4xEWeRlYKF4m07RQ3MmnVB4Uvkm437ffV5Xg3IZ6FqfkhJh_c0DNCvEYHNzZ0IeGQlVCJVTm4hwIPiimEJRCFGWfYw-DmvDspufA3IJZcYLWR5DKuyX1whaMf86fy0mxR5tNoNaSb06V_eNBlsjjGmvS4No4VMuOLVbLwjYFwjVTHtAJt-o-39wx5_muODlq9DmEk9IJD2gFPQ8McCgCXjopHg7GZmmC79MXf4er0a2cizBsUT6Pq-8BwVOEIHjKGl3leJ9ennd7JWTRuxBA5cHkFWQxQSWaFkiYVEjxeeO4FB-SUtJhVMomZz1qxyZlxysRwL_OcCZOyHBJjlsUbpFEMC79JqEydgLSZcCTGAfinjGLtxErlnDVt226Swy816Keab0NDnYKi1EGQGgWpUZBNsg9q0g9uoJEjG6-3Q_1QaqgEzjUSBcYQjpvkKCjnt9V0p3cFaVy21NafZ2yTeexCX-_x2yGNqhz5XTLnXqrBc7kXyvy9YJefKQjo2g |
| linkProvider | Wiley-Blackwell |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LS8QwEB50FdSDb3F9BvTgpbjdJmlzFFFcXPcgK3oLaZrqutiV2l2v_gR_o7_EmVZl9SKCp5ZAhnYemW_S5huA_Vj4Ljap8BArcI-LNPJiKawnoqZV3MiwUR0UboedTnRzo8bPwlT8EF8bbhQZ5XpNAU4b0hTlHNMSWbHIe_dY4WE1RbhkEqY4wg1q33Dd6nwVXfQhkIou9FtPchlU9D4k4vCHgG-ZaTLL0-94tUw4pwv_8aiLMP8BN9lR5R9LMOGyZZgbIyFcgeKIFWhQ9_bymhDVf0XTwYrnAY6U7eCIecCxsmcOQ4zLhtmDoeWZmdJ92cjdkXT2-XMizutlj8NifGAwLGiEzhnj2zytwtXpSff4zPvoxeBZjHqFiQyBSRILJU0kJAa9cNwJjuApbPixkmHgu6QRmNQ3VpkA72Wa-sJEfoq5MUmCNahlg8ytA5ORFZg5Q07cOIgAlVF-M4ylsjY2zbhZh4NPO-jHinJDY6lCqtSlIjUpUpMi67CHdtJ929NEk03X24Hu5xqLgZYmrsAAV-Q6HJbW-U2aPuleYiaXDbXx5xm7MHPWvWjrdqtzvgmz1JS--uVvC2pFPnTbMG1HRe8p3ynd8x0w-ewD |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LS8QwEB50FdGDb3F9BvTgpbjdJmlzXNTFRVlEFLyFNE11XewutatXf4K_0V_iTKuyehHBU0sgQzuPzDdt5gvAfix8F5tUeIgVuMdFGnmxFNYTUdMqbmTYqBqFz8NuN7q5UeO9MBU_xNcHN4qMcr2mAHfDJKUo55iWyIpF3rvHCg-rKcIlkzDFJVbl1FXS6X4VXfQjkIou9FtPchlU9D4k4vCHgG-ZaTLL0-94tUw47YX_eNRFmP-Am6xV-ccSTLhsGebGSAhXoGixAg3q3l5eE6L6r2g6WPE8wJHyODhiHnCsPDOHIcZlo-zB0PLMTOm-7MndkXT2uTkR5_Wy4agYHxiMChqhPmN8m8dVuG6fXB2deh9nMXgWo15hIkNgksRCSRMJiUEvHHeCI3gKG36sZBj4LmkEJvWNVSbAe5mmvjCRn2JuTJJgDWrZIHPrwGRkBWbOkBM3DiJAZZTfDGOprI1NM27W4eDTDnpYUW5oLFVIlbpUpCZFalJkHfbQTrpve5posul6O9D9XGMx0NHEFRjgilyHw9I6v0nTJ1eXmMllQ238ecYuzFwct_V5p3u2CbN0Jn21428LakU-ctswbZ-K3mO-U3rnO_Lm64c |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+three-dimensional+two-hemisphere+model+for+unmanned+aerial+vehicle+multiple-input+multiple-output+channels&rft.jtitle=ETRI+journal&rft.au=Zixu+Su&rft.au=Wei+Chen&rft.au=Changzhen+Li&rft.au=Junyi+Yu&rft.date=2023-10-01&rft.pub=%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90%ED%86%B5%EC%8B%A0%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EC%9B%90&rft.issn=1225-6463&rft.eissn=2233-7326&rft.spage=768&rft.epage=780&rft_id=info:doi/10.4218%2Fetrij.2022-0456&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=oai_kci_go_kr_ARTI_10323219 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1225-6463&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1225-6463&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1225-6463&client=summon |